#074 - Benjamin Bikman, Ph.D.: Insulin Resistance, Human Metabolism, Obesity, Diabetes, Mitochondrial Function, Reproductive Issues, Fasting, And More!

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1:45 - IF Biohackers: Intermittent Fasting + Real Foods + Life: Join Melanie's Facebook Group At Facebook.com/groups/PaleoOMAD For A Weekly Episode GIVEAWAY, And To Discuss And Learn About All Things Biohacking! All Conversations Welcome!

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2:35 - Follow Melanie On Instagram To See The Latest Moments, Products, And #AllTheThings! @MelanieAvalon

8:55 - Ben's Personal Story

13:15 - Insulin's Role In Disease

17:05 - Measuring Insulin

17:25 - What Is Insulin?

19:30 - Insulin Signaling 

20:40 - Defining Insulin Resistance

21:35 - Insulin Resistance And Sex Hormones

23:35 - Fatty Acid Transportation

25:15 - High Blood Glucose; Low Insulin

25:35 - Gluconeogenesis

27:15 - Homeostasis Between Gluconeogenesis And Insulin

28:00 - Communication And Regulatory Signaling

31:05 - PCOS

33:05 - The Role Of Fat Cells In Insulin Resistance

34:30 - How We Gain Fat

36:55 - Insulin Resistance In Fat Cells

37:40 - Inflammation In Fat Cells

39:30 - Insulin Sensitivity In The Morbidly Obese

41:20 - The Role Of Hypertrophy Vs Hyperplastic Cells

43:35 - Differences In BMI Application

46:55 - Vitamin D, And K2

52:00 - Visceral Fat Vs Subcutaneous Fat

52:55 - Macrophages And Foam Cells

56:40 - Ceramides, "Bad" Fat In The Body

59:05 - Creating Insulin Resistance

59:40 - Inflammation And Ceramides

1:00:25 - Insulin Resistance In Muscle Vs Fat

1:03:40 - Glycogen Storage; Liver Vs Muscles

1:05:40 - Muscle Glycogen Usage

1:07:10 - Liver Glycogen Depletion And Ketosis

1:09:50 - Increased Glycogen Storage

1:12:10 - Water Demands Of Glycogen 

1:13:20 - Fat Storage Vs Glucose Storage

1:15:45 - Fruit Diets

1:17:40 - Non-Essential Carbohydrates

1:19:30 - Essential Glucose

1:21:00 - Carbohydrate Conversion To Fat

1:22:55 - Types Of Fat Created By Type Of Carbohydrate

1:24:20 - HFLC Vs LFHC

1:27:20 - How Saturated Fat Impacts Insulin Resistance

1:29:10 - Saturated Fat In The Blood

1:30:30 - Palmitate Production

1:32:00 - Oleic Acid Storage 

1:33:10 - Monounsaturated Fat's Protective Effect

1:34:00 - Natural Fats; Animal And Plant Saturated Fats

1:35:15 - Saturated Fat In A Mixed Macro Diet

1:37:10 - Order Of Macro Consumption

1:41:05 - Carb + Protein Plant Sources

1:45:00 - Physiological Insulin Resistance

1:50:00 - Metabolic Inflexibility

1:54:00 - A Practical Diet Including Carbs

1:56:40 - Glycemic Load And Glycemic Index

1:58:10 - CGM Usage 

1:58:40 - Berberine, Cinnamon, ACV For Glucose Control