Ancient DNA & Early Farming — From Hunter‑Gatherers to Maize

Ancient DNA and early farming in prehistoric Argentina: how hunter-gatherers became maize farmers without outside replacement. Ancient genomes from the Uspallata Valley reveal a dramatic dietary shift, climate stress, and population decline—without signs of violent collapse. Discover how cooperation, kinship networks, and maize agriculture reshaped South American archaeology’s understanding of societal change.

What You'll Learn:

• How 33 ancient genomes (1–1,800 CE) create the largest ancient DNA dataset for central-western Argentina and what that reveals about population history.
• Why genetic continuity of >90% shows that early farmers in the Uspallata Valley descended from local pre-ceramic hunter-gatherers, not incoming groups.
• How isotope evidence tracks maize’s rise from under 10% to over 60% of daily calories—and what that means for health, nutrition, and resilience.
• What the shift from mobile hunting and gathering to intensive maize agriculture looked like on the ground in prehistoric Argentina.
• How climate change and ancient societies interacted in the region, contributing to stress, disease, and declining numbers among maize-reliant farmers.
• Why the researchers see no evidence of warfare or violent invasion, and how this challenges common collapse-of-civilizations narratives.
• How extended kinship networks, family ties, and cooperation helped communities survive environmental instability instead of turning to conflict.
• What this South American archaeology case study tells us about long-term human adaptation, food systems, and societal vulnerability today.