The Bio Report

Alzheimer’s disease drug development has long focused on slowing memory loss, but for many families, the tipping point that makes home care impossible is not cognition—it is psychosis. Hallucinations and delusions in Alzheimer’s are a distinct, prevalent, and under-recognized target for therapy. We spoke to Elizabeth Thompson, executive vice president and head of R&D at Acadia Pharmaceuticals, about the biology behind psychosis in dementia, the company’s experimental therapy to treat the condition in people with Alzheimer’s disease, and the forces reshaping the drug development landscape to enable the development of such treatments.

RICO, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, was originally designed to prosecute organized crime. Today, it sits at the center of a landmark class action against two of the world’s largest pharmaceutical companies over the diabetes drug Actos. Attorney Harrison James of Wisner Baum discusses Painters and Allied Trades District Council 82 Health Care Fund v. Takeda, a national civil RICO case alleging that Takeda and Eli Lilly carried out a coordinated, years-long scheme to downplay known bladder cancer risks. The complaint asserts that regulators, physicians, and third-party payers were misled, leading to billions of dollars in reimbursements for the drug. James discusses how RICO’s legal framework applies in the pharmaceutical context, what it took to secure class certification where similar efforts have failed, and the broader implications this case may hold for the industry.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of oncology’s deadliest diagnoses, with standard treatments often offering only transient tumor shrinkage at the cost of grueling side effects and rapid resistance. Immuneering is using transcriptomic and informatics tools to design a MEK inhibitor dosed in intense daily pulses rather than continuously. This approach aims to restore a more normal signaling rhythm in healthy cells while repeatedly ambushing tumors. Ben Zeskind, CEO of Immuneering, discusses how the company is using its informatics-driven dosing regimen to re-engineer targeted cancer therapy so it extends survival, delays resistance, and is better tolerated.

Human leukocyte antigen, or HLA, genes, help the immune system tell the difference between the body’s own tissues and outside threats. In some people, certain versions of HLA genes mistakenly flag normal proteins as dangerous, which can push immune cells to attack joints, nerves, the gut, or other organs. Many autoimmune diseases are driven by changes in HLA genes. RheumaGen is developing a new kind of gene-editing treatment that aims to cure autoimmune diseases by going after one of their root genetic triggers. Instead of broadly weakening the immune system, the company’s goal is to switch off a single “bad” version of an immune gene while leaving the rest of the body’s defenses intact. We spoke to Richard Freed, CEO of RheumaGen, about the role of HLA genes in autoimmune diseases, how the company’s gene-editing therapies work, and its lead program in rheumatoid arthritis.

Asia is quickly becoming a powerhouse for biopharma innovation, changing ideas about where breakthrough science and fast, cost-efficient drug development happen. A new McKinsey & Company report shows how countries like China, Japan, and India are each building their own strengths across the drug development continuum. We spoke to Fangning Zhang, a partner in McKinsey’s Shanghai office, about what’s driving this shift, how it could make innovation more affordable, and why treating Asia as optional may mean missing the next wave of global R&D.

Leukemia once threatened Aaron Viny’s life, but now it defines his mission. Diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a college student, he survived chemotherapy, central nervous system relapse, and an allogeneic stem cell transplant from his younger brother—an experience that made him aware of both the power and toxicity of conventional cancer care. Today, as a hematologist-oncologist and laboratory researcher at Columbia University, Viny is helping reimagine how we treat blood cancers by shifting from blunt, cell-killing approaches to precision strategies that rewire malignant cells and their ecosystems. We spoke to Viny, assistant professor of medicine at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, about the case for thinking of hematological cancers as regulatory problem rather than focusing on genetic mutations, the potential for looking at epigenetic activators and deactivators of genes to treat them, and how he is harnessing new technology to look at cell-surface proteins to distinguish regenerating marrow from refractory leukemia.

When Amy Burroughs stepped in as CEO of Terns Pharmaceuticals, she not only had to fill a void created by the death of her predecessor, but also lead a strategic shift from an increasingly crowded area of metabolic disease to focus on its experimental therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia. The company’s allosteric BCR-ABL inhibitor binds to a different site on the fusion protein than most first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The data have the company and its investors believing the drug can reset the bar for both efficacy and tolerability in a multibillion-dollar market. We spoke with Burroughs about reinventing the company, the decision to seek partners for non-core assets, and how she is charting a clear path toward a broader oncology future.

A One‑Two Gene Therapy Punch to Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Non–muscle invasive bladder cancer is a common, slow-progressing form of bladder cancer that makes up a majority of the roughly half a million new cases diagnosed each year. For decades, doctors have relied on a weakened bacterium called BCG, an intravesical immunotherapy, as a standard treatment for early-stage disease, but it fails in about 30 to 40 percent of patients. EnGene is taking a different approach with detalimogene, an experimental, non-viral gene therapy designed to trigger a powerful but localized immune response right where the cancer lives in the bladder. We spoke with Ron Cooper, CEO of EnGene, about this therapy for non–muscle invasive bladder cancer, how its dual payload is meant to activate both an innate and adaptive immune response in the bladder, and the company’s $130 million financing at the end of 2025.

One of the challenges of treating brain tumors is delivering potent biologic therapies across the blood-brain barrier. Adaptin Bio has developed platform technology that harnesses a patient’s own T cells to transport bispecific therapeutic payloads across the blood-brain barrier and into other targeted tissue with an initial focus on treating glioblastoma. We spoke to Michael Roberts, co-founder and CEO of Adaptin Bio, about the unmet need in glioblastoma, the limitations of current blood-brain barrier–crossing strategies, and how the company’s platform seeks to change the treatment paradigm by using patient-derived T cells as delivery vehicles for targeted biologics.

Despite the emergence of new modalities and drug development technologies, the cost and time to produce new therapies has changed little, and failure rates remain high. Xaira aims to change that with a systematic, AI‑driven approach that tackles three pervasive bottlenecks—choosing the right targets, designing the right molecules, and matching the right patients—by running as much work as possible in silico and using high‑dimensional causal datasets to train “virtual cell” foundation models. The company is initially focusing on high‑value, historically undruggable targets and ultimately on building a pipeline of differentiated biologics. We spoke with Marc Tessier‑Lavigne, co‑founder and CEO of Xaira, about applying end‑to‑end AI across target discovery, molecular design, and patient stratification; the company’s more than $1 billion in funding, and how it seeks to enable a new generation of scientists fluent in both AI and biology.

Finding New Targets on the Surface of Misfolded One of the biggest hurdles in drug development is targeting proteins found in both healthy and diseased cells without triggering toxic side effects. In cancer, this challenge often translates into narrow therapeutic windows, collateral damage to normal tissues, and forced dose reductions that limit efficacy. The result is a crowded field where many companies chase the same well-known targets, leaving vast patient populations without effective options. Immuto Scientific is taking a different approach. The company is redefining how targets are identified—focusing not on genetic sequence, but on disease-specific protein conformations. By studying the structural shapes that proteins take in malignant cells, Immuto aims to distinguish cancerous from healthy tissue, broaden therapeutic windows, and unlock new or previously undruggable targets across oncology and beyond. We spoke with Faraz Choudhury, co-founder and CEO of Immuto Scientific, about the company’s AI-enabled structural surfaceomics platform, how it allows drugs to selectively home in on diseased cells while sparing normal ones, and Immuto’s plans to extend its science into immunology and inflammation. Proteins

Systemic chemotherapy remains the foundation of cancer treatment, but its widespread toxicity too often cuts short potential therapeutic benefits. NanOlogy is developing a new approach—localized cancer therapy that keeps the drug where it’s needed most. We spoke to Marc Iacobucci, managing director of Nanology about the company’s precision particle engineering platform, how it transforms existing oncology drugs into microparticles optimized for intratumoral delivery; and how this enables sustained, high-concentration dosing inside tumors that destroys cancer cells, stimulates immune responses, and spares patients the debilitating effects of systemic chemotherapy.

One of the challenges in treating the neurodegenerative condition Alzheimer’s disease is intervening early enough in the course of illness to provide meaningful benefit. AltPep is developing therapeutics with companion diagnostics that target toxic α-sheet–containing oligomers, which are thought to form very early in the disease and act as molecular triggers of downstream amyloid pathology. These structures are believed to represent some of the earliest detectable stages of Alzheimer’s and to promote the formation of amyloid plaques, a hallmark feature of the condition.​ We spoke with Valerie Daggett, founder and CEO of AltPep, about the relationship between α-sheet oligomers and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, how the company’s synthetic peptides are designed to bind and neutralize these pathogenic agents, and the potential for this platform to be extended to a broader set of amyloid diseases.

Biotech stocks staged a dramatic turnaround in 2025, with the XBI well outpacing the S&P 500 despite concerns over leadership changes at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Trump administration’s efforts to put constraints on drug pricing, and its broader cuts to health and science agencies. A pick-up in deal-making, along with falling interest rates, helped buoy the sector with growing anticipation for continued improvement in 2026. We sat down with Adam Feuerstein, senior biotech writer for STAT, for our annual review-preview edition, the noteworthy trends in the biotech sector 2025, and what’s in store at the upcoming JPMorgan Healthcare Conference and beyond in 2026.

The approach to post-surgical pain relief has relied on short-duration treatments and notably opioids. That’s led to the associated risks of dependence and abuse, prolonged hospitalizations, and slower recoveries. Allay Therapeutics is developing an alternative to opioids to treat post-surgical pain with an initial focus on knee replacement surgeries. Allay’s guitar pick-sized polymer is implanted during surgical procedures and it releases the analgesic bupivacaine as it dissolves over 30 days. We spoke to Adam Gridley, CEO of Allay Therapeutics, about post-surgical pain, the need for alternatives to opioids; and the company’s implanted, extended-release analgesic.

Physicians can learn a lot from talking to patients, and not just from the words they say, but from millions of data points from acoustic features of their speech, such as pitch, vocal cord vibration patterns, and micro-instabilities in the voice. Canary Speech has developed an AI-based diagnostic listening tool that can detect neurological and psychiatric conditions from physiological signals in the voice. We spoke to Kang Hsu, chief medical officer of Canary Speech, about how its diagnostic tool works, how it is embedded invisibly into clinical workflows, and how the company is driving physician adoption.

Sepsis remains one of medicine’s most intractable and costly problems, arising when an infection triggers a runaway immune response that damages organs long after a pathogen is controlled. It accounts for an estimated $53 billion in Medicare spending alone, yet more than a hundred drug trials have failed to yield a single approved drug that directly treats the underlying immune dysfunction. Inflam­matix, which grew out of work at Stanford University, has developed a point-of-care blood test to determine whether an infection is bacterial or viral, as well as the severity of the patient’s immune response to optimize treatment. We spoke to Tim Sweeney, CEO of Inflammatix, about the company’s TriVerity test for sepsis, how it works, and how it is used in an ER setting to determine who needs antibiotics, ICU‑level care, or a broader diagnostic workup.​

Rion is developing platelet-derived exosome therapeutics as off-the-shelf, room-temperature-stable alternatives to traditional cell therapies. The company’s lead program is advancing toward phase 3 trials in diabetic foot ulcers, and it is building a broader pipeline across musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, dermatologic, and women’s health indications. The company is built on stem cell research conducted at the Mayo Clinic that showed that regenerative benefits from treatments stemmed from exosome-mediated biological signaling that promoted healing rather than from transplanted stem cells themselves. We spoke to Atta Behfar, co-founder and CEO of RION, about how the company’s purified exosome products work, their potential as scalable, cost-effective regenerative therapies, and how they avoid the immune issues that have long hampered cell-based approaches.

The genomics revolution promised to unravel diseases and lead to treatments that addressed their root causes. In reality, says Mo Jain, your zip code remains a better predictor for how healthy you will be over the course of your life than your genetic code does. That’s because, except for monogenic diseases, etiology tends to be far more complex than the identification of a single gene. Sapient is using its AI-driven, multi-omics platform to advance the discovery and development of precision medicines. We spoke to Jain, chief scientific officer of Sapient, about how its technology bridges the gap from discovery to clinical development, accelerates drug development timelines, and expands opportunities to drug previously undruggable targets.

The enzyme GSK3β, in healthy cells, is involved in glucose metabolism. In cancer cells, though, it serves as a master regulator of tumor growth, progression, and cell survival. While GSK3β has long been an attractive target in cancer therapy, it has been difficult to inhibit due to the poor pharmaceutical characteristics and adverse effects of therapeutic candidates. Actuate Therapeutics’ experimental therapy elraglusib has shown early promise. Results suggest it not only suppresses tumor growth but also activates the immune system to combat cancer. We spoke to Dan Schmitt, president and CEO of Actuate Therapeutics, about elraglusib’s potential to overcome chemoresistance, its recent clinical successes in metastatic pancreatic cancer, and the drug’s unique multimodal mechanism.

Hub-and-spoke business models—the use of a central core of business functions with pipeline assets spun out into subsidiary companies—have gained traction for the benefits they can provide in terms of capital efficiency, diversification of risks, and improved access to capital. Eyexora is applying that business model to accelerate the development of therapies for ophthalmic indications. We spoke to Theresa Heah, CEO of Eyexora, about why the hub-and-spoke model is well-suited for the development of ophthalmic therapies, its initial assets in-licensed from the Singapore Eye Research Institute, and how it identifies early-stage candidates with high potential.

OpenFold, an open-source, collaborative initiative founded in 2022 to address the challenges of protein structure prediction and design using artificial intelligence, emerged as a response to the restricted commercial access to DeepMind’s AlphaFold platform. Leveraging public datasets and using a pre-competitive consortium model, OpenFold seeks to democratize cutting-edge protein engineering tools for both industry and academia. We spoke to ​Brian Weitzner, director of computational and structural biology at Outpace Bio and co-founder of OpenFold, about the creation of the collaborative effort, how its open licensing model ensures broad accessibility, and how it stacks up against AlphaFold.

Transcription factors control the genetic programs that maintain cellular balance, but while they have been seen as compelling targets for aging-related disease, they have long been considered “undruggable.” Junevity’s RESET platform leverages large-scale human omics data and AI models to pinpoint key transcriptional drivers of disease and to design siRNA therapies that restore healthy gene expression.​ We spoke to John Hoekman, co-founder and CEO of Junevity, about the role of transcription factors in healthy biology and aging-related disease, the company’s AI-driven platform for identifying dysregulated transcription factors, and its lead programs targeting type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Ovarian cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers affecting women, and it is expected to claim nearly 13,000 lives in the United States in 2025. Despite progress in survival rates, nearly 80 percent of patients are still diagnosed at advanced stages, when the disease has already spread and is difficult to treat. Imunon’s experimental DNA-mediated immunotherapy is designed to deliver interleukin-12 directly into the tumor. A phase 2 study demonstrated that the experimental therapy, when combined with the standard of care, provided a 13-month survival benefit compared to women receiving only the standard of care. We spoke to Stacy Lindborg, CEO of Imunon, about the company’s DNA-mediated immunotherapy, how it avoids the systemic toxicities that undermined earlier IL-12 approaches, and how it could change the treatment landscape for the disease.

China’s emergence as a biotech superpower may have appeared to happen suddenly, but it reflected a long-term vision and policies over many years that enabled its success. As biotechnology transforms not only medicine but also industries such as food, fuel, and materials, the competition between China and the United States to shape the future bioeconomy is intensifying. We spoke to Drew Endy, associate professor of bioengineering and senior fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, about China’s all-of-nation strategy, how the United States has misallocated research dollars, and why a cultural embrace of biotechnology will be critical for the success of either country.

The ARC Virtual Cell Atlas uses high-throughput single-cell genomics, artificial intelligence, and open science to understand the complexities of cellular behavior. Developed through a partnership between the ARC Institute, 10x Genomics, and Ultima Genomics, the public domain resource integrates data from hundreds of millions of cells. By curating and harmonizing vast amounts of single-cell measurements, the Atlas paves the way for virtual cell simulations that can predict how cells respond to genetic or chemical changes. These models hold the promise for transforming drug discovery by accelerating target identification, optimizing candidate compounds, and reducing the cost of drug development. We spoke to Arc Institute’s Core Investigator Hani Goodarzi, Ultima Genomics CEO Gilad Almogy, and 10X Genomics CEO Serge Saxonov, about how the Atlas will serve academic and industry researchers developing therapies, how it will help unravel disease mechanisms at a cellular level, and provide broad access to advanced cellular analytics.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a condition that affects preterm infants, especially those born with underdeveloped lungs who require prolonged oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation to help them breathe after birth. It is characterized by damage and abnormal development of the lung tissue and airways, often resulting from life-saving interventions necessary for babies born very prematurely. Airway Therapeutics is developing a new class of biologics for respiratory and inflammatory diseases, starting with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We spoke to Marc Salzberg, CEO of Airway Therapeutics, about the company’s experimental therapy zelpultide alfa, why it’s a pipeline-in-a-product, and its development path forward.

MASH, a chronic and progressive form of fatty liver disease that until recently was known as NASH, affects millions of people in the United States, and its incidence continues to rise. In fact, MASH is now among the leading causes of liver transplantation in the United States. 89bio is developing an experimental therapy to target multiple disease mechanisms of the condition. We spoke to Rohan Palekar, CEO of 89bio, about what’s driving the prevalence of MASH, the limits of existing medicines, and how its experimental therapy targets both liver fibrosis and the underlying metabolic dysfunctions of the disease. Since recording this interview, Roche announced it would acquire 89bio for $14.50 a share and a contingent value right of $6 per share for up to a total of $3.5 billion.

The average kidney transplant recipient experiences kidney failure within 10 to 12 years after a transplant, putting them on a cycle that ends with kidney failure and a need for a new transplant. This cycle adds to strains on transplant recipients, payers, providers, and the healthcare system and taxes the limited supply of organs for transplantation. Eledon Pharmaceuticals is seeking to extend the functional life of transplanted organs while reducing the side effects of current immunosuppressive treatments with its experimental, first-in-class immunosuppressive therapy, Tegoprubart. We spoke to Steve Perrin, president and chief scientific officer of Eledon Pharmaceuticals, about the need for innovative approaches to immunosuppression in organ transplantation, how its experimental therapy works, and why it may also have benefits in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases as well.

Antimicrobial resistance is projected to kill up to 10 million people a year by 2050. One particular area of concern is drug-resistant gonorrhea, where existing therapies are being exhausted. Taxis Pharmaceuticals is developing therapies to combat evolving superbugs by targeting their cellular infrastructure and disrupting the mechanisms that fuel antimicrobial resistance. We spoke to Greg Mario, president and CEO of Taxis, about the public health threat posed by drug-resistant gonorrhea, the approaches it’s taking to develop new antimicrobial treatments, and the need for new funding models to bring new therapies to market.

Brain tumors are difficult to treat in part because of the blood-brain barrier, the need to protect healthy and sensitive tissue surrounding tumors, and the limits of existing therapies. While there have been great advances in other types of cancer, there’s been relatively little progress in treating these CNS tumors. Plus Therapeutics is developing targeted radiotherapies that provide high doses of radiation directly into the tumor with a catheter. The approach enables the delivery of higher doses of radiation while minimizing exposure to healthy brain cells. We spoke to Marc Hedrick, president and CEO of Plus Therapeutics, about the challenges of treating brain tumors, the limitations of current therapies, and why the company’s targeted radiotherapies have the potential to create better outcomes for patients.

Macrocycles are complex compounds that can interact with targets that are often unreachable with traditional small molecules. Orbis Medicines is addressing the challenge with its nCycles, synthetic macrocycle drugs that are orally available but hit targets that would otherwise require biologic therapies. We spoke to Morten Graugaard, CEO of Orbis Medicines, about its class of synthetic macrocycles called nCycles, its platform technology to generate and screen these therapies, and how they can offer an orally-delivered alternative to biologics.

Animal testing for experimental therapies is slow, expensive, and an imperfect predictor for how a drug will act in humans. The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health in July announced a program to advance innovative laboratory technologies that model human biology, enabling faster, less expensive testing. We spoke to Stacey Adam, vice president of scientific partnerships for the FNIH and leader of the public-private partnership, about the new program, the technologies being explored, and what it will take to transform biomedical research with better disease models.

Many cancer patients are prescribed opioids to manage pain associated with their disease, but studies have shown that the use of these pain killers naturally mutes the immune response and can reduce the efficacy of immunotherapies. Glycyx Therapeutics is developing a drug it believes can allow opioids to relieve pain while preventing them from working against immunotherapies. We spoke to Lorin Johnson, chief scientific officer of Glycyx Therapeutics, about the effect of opioids on the immune system, the company’s experimental therapy designed to mitigate the negative effects of opioids in cancer patients being treated with checkpoint inhibitors, and why its drug in development may promote gut health in these patients more broadly.

When Takeda in 2023 paid Nimbus Therapeutics $4 billion upfront and the potential for two additional $1 billion milestone payments for its experimental TYK2 inhibitor, the deal was an eye-popping validation of Nimbus’ approach. The company, an early innovator in a computational chemistry, has now integrated AI into its approach to drug discovery. And though it’s been an innovator in technology, it’s also been an innovator in its portfolio approach as an early example of an effective use of a hub-and-spoke business model. We spoke to Abbas Kazimi, CEO of Nimbus, about computational chemistry, how the company’s drug discovery approach has evolved with AI, and how its business model provides liquidity to investors and while making it easier to structure deals.

Despite the successes of immunotherapies to date, about 75 to 80 percent of cancer patients don’t respond to current immunotherapy treatments. Faron Pharmaceuticals is hoping to help change that with its experimental therapy bexmarilimab, which is in development to treat myelodysplastic syndrome. Bexmarilimab targets CLEVER-1, a checkpoint inhibitor found on macrophages, a type of myeloid cell that plays an essential role in the immune system. We spoke to Juho Jalkanen, founder and CEO of Faron, about how the tumor microenvironment can suppress macrophages, how the company’s macrophage checkpoint inhibitor works, and the challenges a Finland-based company faces accessing the capital markets.

There’s been a stunning lack of innovation around male contraceptives when it comes to the area of male contraceptives. Men have the choice between a vasectomy, a procedure innovated in the 19th century, or condoms, which date back to at least King Minos in Crete in 3000 BCE. Next Life Sciences is hoping to change that with its Plan A, an experimental hydrogel that is injected into the vas deferens and provides a barrier that prevents sperm from passing. Plan A, which is regulated as a medical device, is expected to be easily reversible. We spoke to Darlene Walley, CEO of Next Life Sciences, about Plan A, the need it is addressing, and why she expects men and women to see it as a welcome alternative to current choices.

There have been great advances in the treatment of hepatitis C with the advent of curative therapies, but hepatitis B has proven far more elusive. That’s due to differences in the way the virus replicates and how it creates a reservoir of viral DNA in the cells in the liver. nChroma Bio, the result of a merger between Chroma Medicine and Nvelop Therapeutics, thinks it has an answer. It’s developing a one-and-done epigenetic editing therapy that silences hepatitis B viral transcription. We spoke to nChroma Bio chief development officer Jenny Marlowe and chief scientific officer Melissa Bonner, about its experimental epigenetic editor for hepatitis B, the merger that brought together the two companies, and how it plans to leverage Chroma’s epigenetic editing platform with Nvelop’s programmable non-viral delivery technologies in future therapies.

While AI has been seductive in its promise for revolutionizing drug development, one of the constraints remains the quality of the data that is used by any given platform. BPG Bio, an early innovator in the application of AI to drug development as Berg, is taking what it calls a “biology-first” approach. It capitalizes on its proprietary biobank to conduct multi-omics analysis to understand the biological mechanisms of diseases. We spoke to Niven Narain, CEO of BPGbio, about how the company’s platform technology uncovers novel targets, its evolution from its start as Berg, and how the platform continues to provide insight into experimental therapies after they advance to the clinic.

Despite the market success of GLP-1 agonists to treat obesity, many patients suffer side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. These medicines also cause significant loss of muscle mass. And when someone discontinues use, they often regain the weight they lost. Skye Bioscience is developing nimacimab, an experimental therapy that has the potential to induce weight loss by inhibiting the CB1 receptor. Because of its different target, it may be able to be used in conjunction with GLP-1 agonists and lower the dose of those drugs to make them more tolerable, or combined with other therapeutic approaches. We spoke to Punit Dhillon, president and CEO of Skye Bioscience, about CB1 as a target for treating obesity, its experimental therapy nimacimab, and the potential to combine it with GLP-1 agonists and other therapeutic approaches.

Many companies are seeking to develop non-opioid treatments for pain, but Persica Pharmaceuticals may be taking a surprising approach for chronic low-back pain. The company’s lead experimental therapy for the condition is an antibiotic. That may sound odd, but it turns out that about half of chronic low back pain cases are due to bacterial infections that occur after herniation of the spinal disc or injury. We spoke to Steve Ruston, CEO of Persica Pharmaceuticals, about the need for new approaches to chronic low back pain, the company’s experimental targeted intradiscal antibiotic injections, and the need to educate physicians about the role infection can play in the condition.

Though there are plenty of therapeutic alternatives for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, there are no approved biologics for treating acute exacerbations of these conditions. Connect Biopharma believes that’s an opportunity. It's experimental therapy rademikibart has shown promise treating exacerbations and providing sustained improvements. We spoke to Barry Quart, CEO of Connect Biopharma, about the unmet need the company is seeking to address, how rademikibart works, and Connect’s repositioning as a U.S.-centric company.

When Vanderbilt University Medical Center began to consider how big data and precision medicine were going to impact both research and development and clinical care, it struck on the idea of building a large-scale biobank and tying it to its store of millions of electronic health records. That ultimately led to the founding of Nashville Bioscience, a for-profit subsidiary of the medical center. We spoke to Leeland Ekstrom, co-founder and CEO of NashBio, about the company’s data collection methods, the significance of the alliance it's developed with leading biopharmaceutical companies, and how it's enabling a transformation of drug development with data.

Spirulina, also known as blue-green algae, is edible. It can be engineered to cost-effectively produce biologics that can be taken orally. Though people have long sought to do this, Lumen Bioscience has developed platform technology that solved the various challenges is engineering spirulina to produce medicines. We spoke to Brian Finrow, co-founder and CEO of Lumen, about the company’s platform technology, why it makes possible the pursuit of biologics for indications that were previously not practical, and the potential to make these advanced therapies affordable and accessible in parts of the world where people may not have widely enjoyed their benefits.