The Behavioral Economics in Marketing's Podcast

Special Announcement | This special announcement is a teaser for Season 6 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast! Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Mathematicians, economists and analysts use the term zero-sum game throughout game theory and economic theory to describe a competitive situation wherein the profit of one equals the loss of another and vice-versa, thereby nullifying the net change in wealth for participants involved. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

Societal norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups. They are the unwritten rules of behavior and beliefs. Social norms are an exciting topic to be talking about and there are so many applications in marketing, professional development, leadership, etc. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

IKEA effect is a cognitive bias that implies consumers place a disproportionately high value on items that they have played a part in creating. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Loss aversion bias is a cognitive bias that describes the observation that humans experience loss asymmetrically to a greater degree than acquiring equivalent gains. In this episode, I discuss loss aversion bias behaviors experienced and witnessed in the wake of a natural disaster including FOMO, the power of free, panic buying and price gouging. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

Acquisition theory is a motivational model that affirms that we all have three motivating drivers: achievement, power and affiliation. These motivational drivers affect the actions of people regardless of age, sex, race or culture. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Backwards induction in game theory is an iterative process of reasoning backward in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to solve finite extensive form and sequential games, and infer a sequence of optimal actions. In this episode, I considered achieving optimal outcomes with backwards induction using examples of when this type of decision making process comes in handy and the basic steps to create a backwards induction model. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

Hyperbolic Discounting is a time-inconsistent model of delay discounting; or the tendency for people to have a stronger preference from immediate rewards over rewards that come later in the future, even when these immediate rewards are smaller. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Corporate philanthropy is the act of a corporation or business promoting the welfare of others, generally through charitable donations of funds, goods or time. Corporate philanthropy after a natural or any type of disaster can have a tremendous impact on your company, your employees and the world around you. In this episode, I discuss the benefits of corporate philanthropy and types of corporate philanthropy programs. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

Priming Effect is a phenomenon whereby exposure to one stimulus influences how a person responds to a subsequent stimulus, without any awareness of the connection. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a rudimentary motivational theory by Abraham Maslow in 1943 in his article entitled "A Theory of Human Motivation" originally published in Psychological Review. The psychology theory asserts that humans are motivated by five basic categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. In this episode, I discussed you can cultivate self-actualization in your personal and professional development. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

The Endowment Effect is the feeling of owning something, where the idea of possession increases its worth regardless of its objective market value. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a rudimentary motivational theory by Abraham Maslow in 1943 in his article entitled "A Theory of Human Motivation" originally published in Psychological Review. The psychology theory asserts that humans are motivated by five basic categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. In this episode, I discussed how marketing professionals can leverage the social belonging category in their company branding. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

Affect Heuristic | The affect heuristic represents a reliance on good or bad feelings experienced in relation to a stimulus. Affect-based evaluations are quick, automatic, and rooted in experiential thought that is activated prior to reflective judgments (Slovic et al., 2002). 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a rudimentary motivational theory by Abraham Maslow in 1943 in his article entitled "A Theory of Human Motivation" originally published in Psychological Review. The psychology theory asserts that humans are motivated by five basic categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. In this episode, I went more in depth on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs by defining each of the categories of needs and motivations, especially how they relate to marketing. And I also discuss some of the criticisms of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

Availability Heuristic | Availability is a heuristic whereby people make judgments about the likelihood of an event based on how easily an example, instance or case comes to mind. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a rudimentary motivational theory by Abraham Maslow in 1943 in his article entitled "A Theory of Human Motivation" originally published in Psychological Review. The theory asserts that humans are motivated by five basic categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. In this episode, I define Maslow's hierarchy of needs while giving popular examples in macroeconomics, microeconomics and personal and professional development. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

The framing effect is about how employees' decisions tend to be affected by the way in which the choices are framed through words, body language, tone, presentation and placement. In this episode, we discussed ways for leaders to apply the framing effect in the successful delegation. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

In this episode of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast, we discuss common delegation pitfalls and hang-ups such as delegating to the wrong employee, over-delegating, micromanaging, envy, time costs and fear of loss of control. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

In this episode, we define and discuss delegation including the direction of delegation, the process of delegation and the principles of delegation such as the principle of result expected, the principle of delegation of authority, the scalar principle and the principle of exception. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Altruism is a form of prosocial behavior. It is the principle and moral practice of concern for others (including human beings and animals). Altruism is generally defined as the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others. In this episode, I describe how marketing professionals can avoid conflicting and confusing altruistic vs self-seeking benefits in several facets of their marketing and leadership efforts. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

Choice Overload | Choice Overload is a cognitive impairment that occurs as a result of having too many choices available. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Keynesian Economics and Natural Disasters | In this episode, we discuss Keynesian economics in relation to natural disasters. Keynesian economics is all about stimulating aggregate demand through government spending to increase economic growth. In the wake of a natural disaster, government spending and consumer spending is stimulated in a sizeable, systematic and calculable way. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Lessons From the Fire | Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire in Boulder, Colorado, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders.

Risk vs Reward Ratio | The risk versus reward ratio is a systematic approach to assess the relationship between the cost or risk of an undertaking to the prospective reward. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Lessons From the Fire | Through this season, I will be applying lessons that I learned from the Marshall Fire in Boulder Colorado to marketing and business development, as well as professional and personal growth. Additionally, listeners can expect to hear poignant self-revelation, interesting tidbits on human behavior in the wake of a natural disaster and economic truths about everyday occurrences. Here are just a few of the episodes that listeners can expect to hear about in season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast, Lessons From the Fire: Achieving optimal outcomes with backwards induction, Keynesian Economics and Natural Disasters, Corporate philanthropy in relation to natural disasters, Altruism vs Self Seeking Behavior in Marketing and Leadership, Zero Sum Games and Insurance, Loss Aversion and the Breakdown of Societal Norms in Response to a Natural Disaster. I will also spend quite a bit of time camping out in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as it applies to marketing and personal development. Lessons From the Fire, Season 5 of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will be dedicated to those that along with our family lost everything in the Marshall Fire, as well as to those that have been affected by natural disasters. My hope is that listening to this season of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast will help others in their healing process. But I also believe that this season will be full of marketing wisdom for marketing professionals and business leaders. ##### Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 15 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Boulder Colorado Fires Announcement from host, Sandra Thomas-Comenole On December 30th, 2021, a wildfire blazed through the residential communities of Boulder Co, including the community that my family and I call home. Around 12 noon on that day, we noticed our neighbor's house two doors down on fire and called 911. They had no idea that there was even a fire in the area. My husband and I quickly got our 4 children and ourselves out of our house, leaving with the clothes on our backs and without shoes on our feet. We made it safely out as we could see the fire make its way into our own backyard. That day over 34,000 people were evacuated from our community as the fire tore its way and destroyed approximately 1000 homes including our own. For this reason, I will be taking a break from producing new episodes of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast. But do not worry, I have several episodes written and ready to record. And will do so as soon as we can stabilize our situation. For those wishing to expedite that process, please consider donating to my family's GoFundMe page: https://gofund.me/1639415b Please feel free to share it as well. Thank you for your commitment to the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast and I look forward to cueing up new episodes as soon as I can. Donate to help our family recover from the Boulder Colorado Fires https://gofund.me/1639415b

During the last few episodes, we have been hanging out in a series on the customer journey and doing a deep dive into what they are, why they are important and how to optimize customer journeys through behavioral economics. In this episode, we will discuss dual process theory and several ways to apply it to customer journey optimization. Dual process theory is a psychological term that describes the two different modes or systems of thinking. System 1 is the automatic mode of thinking, where System 2 is the calculating mode of thinking. In this episode, we used examples of toothpaste buying, grocery stores and amusement parks to better understand our customers' mode of thinking during purchasing. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

During the next few episodes, we will go on a deep dive into customer journeys. What they are, why they are important and how to optimize customer journeys through behavioral economics. The customer journey map is a tool that helps marketers to understand the series of connected experiences that customers desire and need — whether that be completing a desired task or traversing the end-to-end journey from prospect to customer to loyal advocate. In this episode, we explored a simple framework for developing a customer journey map including establishing goals, conducting market research and taking inventory of your resources. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Replay: Priming Effect is such an integral part of marketing that marketing professionals should really take the time to understand how to leverage Priming Effect in their marketing. This episode focuses on leveraging the Priming Effect in customer experience (CX) optimization through branding, engagement and placement. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

During the next few episodes, we will go on a deep dive into customer journeys. What they are, why they are important and how to optimize customer journeys through behavioral economics. In the last episode, we defined customer journeys. In this episode, we consider the 6 common phases of the customer journey including awareness, evaluation, consideration, purchase, retention and advocacy. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

During the next few episodes, we will go on a deep dive into customer journeys. What they are, why they are important and how to optimize customer journeys through behavioral economics. For this reason, this episode provides a thorough foundation into what a customer journey is, from a consumer standpoint and a marketing professional standpoint, as well as other definitions that are important to customer journey mapping. Additionally, we offer an excellent case study into how customer journey mapping can improve user experience (UX) and directly impact conversion rates. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Priming Effect is a phenomenon whereby exposure to one stimulus influences how a person responds to a subsequent stimulus, without any awareness of the connection. Priming Effect is an integral part of marketing and can be leveraged in branding, key value propositions and unique selling points, engagement, user experience (UX), customer journeys, negotiations and company culture. But it should be avoided in market research. This episode gives practical ways for marketing professionals to avoid Priming Effect in market research. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

The anchoring effect is a cognitive bias that influences you to rely too heavily on the first piece of information you receive, whereby initial exposure to a number or concept serves as a reference point and influences subsequent judgments. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

In this episode we consider ways that marketing professionals can leverage endowment effect on cart abandonment with check out nudges and follow-ups can increase your conversion rate significantly. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

In this episode, we are considering the Sample Selection Bias. Sample Selection Bias is a systematic error caused by choosing non-random data for statistical and qualitative analysis. The bias exists due to a flaw in the sample selection process, where a subset of the data is excluded due to a particular attribute, sampling technique or even geographic location; resulting in a biased sample, defined as a statistical sample of a population in which all participants are not equally balanced or objectively represented. The exclusion of the subset can influence the statistical significance and produces distorted results. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Welcome to Season 4 of the behavioral economics in marketing podcast. During the last two seasons we camped out in leadership topics, covering intention-action gap on habit change, social axiom theory on growth mindset across culture, overcoming the principal-agent problem and several other great episodes. And though there is so much more ground I could cover on behavioral economics in leadership, there is also a ton of topics related more closely to marketing. For that reason, Season 4 will be a mixed bag covering topics in marketing, leadership and communication. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

In this episode, we are considering Cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is the phenomenon of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, values or attitudes. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism And a special shout out to this episode's paid sponsor Budgetbakers.com and their personal finance manager, Wallet. Wallet is your personal finance planner that helps you to save money, plan your budget and track your spending. Essentially, you become your own finance manager. It connects with over 58,000 banks worldwide and handles any currency using the same level of security as your own bank. And best of all they do not sell customer data to anyone. The app is available on Android from the Google Playstore and on iOS from the Apple App Store just search from Wallet by BudgetBakers or visit BudgetBakers.com for more information. Listeners of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast get a special deal when they visit http://budgetbakers.com/behavior

🎖 The Intention-Action Gap is a social psychology and behavioral economics term that describes the occurrence of when one’s values, attitudes or intentions do not correlate with their actions. The intention-action gap is often what stands in the way of habit change. In this episode, we discuss simple ways that people can leverage behavioral economics to break an existing habit or start a new routine. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism And a special shout out to this episode's paid sponsor Budgetbakers.com and their personal finance manager, Wallet. Wallet is your personal finance planner that helps you to save money, plan your budget and track your spending. Essentially, you become your own finance manager. It connects with over 58,000 banks worldwide and handles any currency using the same level of security as your own bank. And best of all they do not sell customer data to anyone. The app is available on Android from the Google Playstore and on iOS from the Apple App Store just search from Wallet by BudgetBakers or visit BudgetBakers.com for more information. Listeners of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast get a special deal when they visit http://budgetbakers.com/behavior

🔨 The IKEA effect is a cognitive bias that implies that individuals place a disproportionately high value on items that they have played a part in creating. In this episode, we explore how to champion the IKEA Effect to elevate engagement on your team through open communication, involving the team in the process, recognizing extra effort, team building activities, exercising empathy and investing in your team members. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism And a special shout out to this episode's paid sponsor Budgetbakers.com and their personal finance manager, Wallet. Wallet is your personal finance planner that helps you to save money, plan your budget and track your spending. Essentially, you become your own finance manager. It connects with over 58,000 banks worldwide and handles any currency using the same level of security as your own bank. And best of all they do not sell customer data to anyone. The app is available on Android from the Google Playstore and on iOS from the Apple App Store just search from Wallet by BudgetBakers or visit BudgetBakers.com for more information. Listeners of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast get a special deal when they visit http://budgetbakers.com/behavior

🎯 Herd behavior is all about making a decision based, at least in part, on the behavior and choices of others. In this episode we discussed ways that leaders can avoid herd behavior in the workplace including eradicating time constraints, communication training, consciously creating culture and building diverse and inclusive teams. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Growth Mindset Theory is centered around the belief that intelligence and learning can be developed and improved. It is an important facet of both marketing and leadership. In this episode, we consider how growth mindset and its effect on achievement varies across cultures through the review of the recently published article, Society-level social axiom moderates the association between growth mindset and achievement across cultures. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism Bernardo ABI, Cai Y, King RB. Society-level social axiom moderates the association between growth mindset and achievement across cultures. Br J Educ Psychol. 2021 Feb 12:e12411. doi: 10.1111/bjep.12411. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33576017.

In this episode, we are considering the social axiom theory. Social axioms are generalized beliefs about people, groups, social institutions, the physical environment or the spiritual realm as well as about categories of events and phenomena in the social world. These generalized beliefs are encoded in the form of an assertion about the relationship between two entities or concepts. 📎 Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

Inoculation Theory is a social psychology and communication theory that employs medical inoculation as an explanatory analogy as inoculation theory is a model for building resistance to persuasion attempts through pre-exposure to weaker counter-arguments. In this episode, we considered ways to inoculate yourself and your team against a fixed mindset to build a growth mindset. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

🎯 Game theory is a fascinating and beneficial tool to have in your marketing leadership arsenal. The applications of game theory in marketing and leadership are seemingly endless: negotiation, contracts, pricing, location, ad placement, hiring and team management all can be boiled down to a mathematical model or decision matrix to decide the best possible outcome. Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature. Behavioral Economics in Marketing Podcast | Understanding how we as humans make decisions is an important part of marketing. Behavioral economics is the study of decision-making and can give keen insight into buyer behavior and help to shape your marketing mix. Marketers can tap into Behavioral Economics to create environments that nudge people towards their products and services, to conduct better market research and analyze their marketing mix. Sandra Thomas-Comenole | Host | Marketing professional with over 10 years of experience leading marketing and sales teams and a rigorously quantitative Master’s degree in economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Check out her Linkedin profile here: Sandra Thomas-Comenole, Head of Marketing, Travel & Tourism

The Growth Mindset Theory is centered around the belief that intelligence and learning can be developed and improved. It is an important facet of both marketing and leadership. In this episode, we consider ways to facilitate a growth mindset in your team.

Growth Mindset Theory is centered around the belief that intelligence and learning can be developed and improved. It is an important facet of both marketing and leadership. In this episode, we consider the differences between a growth mindset and a fixed mindset.

The anchoring effect is a cognitive bias that influences you to rely too heavily on the first piece of information you receive, whereby initial exposure to a number or concept serves as a reference point and influences subsequent judgments. Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature.

The "Principal-Agent Problem" is an economic term for the competing priorities between a leader and an employee. In the workplace, the "Principal-Agent Problem" looks like employees showing up late, taking long lunches, browsing the internet on the clock, procrastinating and missing deadlines. A few ways that leaders can overcome the "Principal-Agent Problem" is through transparency, motivation, incentives and communication.

In this episode, we are considering "moral hazard". A moral hazard is a situation in which a party has limited responsibility for the risks or is completely protected from risk will in some way act differently than if they didn't have that protection. Definition Minute is a new subset of the Behavioral Economics in Marketing podcast. In these mini-episodes, I will define economic theories, in a minute or two. The topics will be review, introductory or discrete in nature.

Flow Theory is a mental state in which a person performing some activity is fully immersed in the task at hand. Leaders who wish to incorporate flow into the workplace should consider these seven conditions with regards to their team and each team member individually. In this episode, we discussed the characteristics and conditions of flow and how to implement it in the workplace.