The Art of Range

Karim-Aly Kassam is International Professor of Environmental and Indigenous Studies in the Department of Natural Resources and the American Indian and Indigenous Studies Program at the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University. His aim is to seamlessly merge research and teaching in the service of communities. His research focuses on the complex connectivity of human and environmental relations, addressing indigenous ways of knowing, food sovereignty, sustainable livelihoods, stewardship, and climate change. This research is conducted in partnership with indigenous communities such as the Standing Rock Sioux Nation (USA) and the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe (USA), as well as in the Pamir Mountains of Afghanistan and Tajikistan, the Kongur Shan Mountains of China, and the Alai Mountains of Kyrgyzstan. By investigating the relationship between biological and cultural diversity, Dr. Kassam seeks to expand the foundations of the notion of pluralism. You can learn more about Dr. Kassam at his website, https://dnr.cals.cornell.edu/people/karim-aly-kassam/. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX Transcript: https://bit.ly/2ZK2SqK For more information on rangelands and rangeland science, visit globalrangelands.org/

This forum highlighting leading women in ranching operations was recorded Feb 20, 2020 at the National Western Complex in Denver, Colorado as part of the Society for Range Management annual meeting. The speakers included women from non-traditional ranching backgrounds as well as women whose families have been in the ranching business for several generations. The speakers provide a breadth of perspective as to what ranching is and why women are critical to the mission of sustainable ranches. This list is certainly not comprehensive of all the qualified women, but a group who carry the flag for all those who are instrumental in their ranch operations. Speakers were: Mary Budd Flitner, Wyoming rancher-- "Betting It All " Ashley Hibbard, Montana rancher--"Impostor syndrome". Starts at 19:25. Julie Sullivan, Colorado rancher--"Hippie Meets Rancher". Starts at 40:30. Nancy Ranney, New Mexico rancher--"Regenerative Ranching in Mesa Country". Starts at 1:04:35. Mimi Hillenbrand, South Dakota bison rancher. (With apologies to Mimi, we’ve not included this talk because recording quality was poor and listening would depend on seeing the accompanying video). The session was coordinated and facilitated by Pat Pfeil, a Florida rancher. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX Transcript: https://bit.ly/3fLZO3h For more information on rangelands and rangeland science, visit https://globalrangelands.org/ The forum was sponsored by: National Grazing Lands Coalition Colorado Cattlemen's Assn Western Landowners Alliance Bird Conservancy of the Rockies Colorado Dept. of Agriculture AgRisk Advisors Colorado Sheep and Wool Authority Bamert Seed Company

When does science become art? We often refer to the “Art and Science of Range Management’ but how often do we acknowledge the “art” or the “artist?” in today’s world of ever-expanding technology and engineering, many aspects of the “art” of natural resource and land management are being overshadowed by a desire for predictability driven decision processes. This session with Jenny Pluhar and Frank Price, involving a conversation with H.L. Bentley, Special Agent in Charge of Grass, Abilene, Texas Field Station, 1898, was recorded at the Society for Range Management annual meeting in Denver in February 2020. Learn more about Frank Price at https://rangelandsandranching.com/. The desire to be “right,” or better yet, to not be “wrong,” weighs heavily on the decision-maker and ultimately can lead to inaction for fear of getting the science wrong. Science and management theory have become a driver for many decision-makers in their efforts to minimize potential negative impacts of decisions made, and in the realm of natural resources, command and control are sought over managed ecosystems. Management decisions must be made every day in the world of land management and are nearly always made with less than perfect and far less than complete knowledge. Those tasked with the responsibility of stewarding the lands they manage are confronted with challenges that require a decision in the present that may have long-term implications, both to the operation as well as across a broad array of society. Added to the basic operational challenges of land management, the impacts of social, political, ecological and economic drivers confront the land manager with a complexity of scenarios that cannot be addressed through traditional scientific methodologies. in addressing these facts, the Society for Range Management recognized that rangeland management is the “art and science” of deploying management decisions on the landscapes. Whereas, academic endeavors rightfully focus on the “science,” the practitioner remains the ultimate decision-maker in the rangeland management system, the “artist” if you will, integrating both “art” and “science” into the decision-making process. in many ways, land management is truly a creative endeavor with the managers creativity producing the art of the management process. Science favors one “right” answer, while the artist may create many scenarios on the landscape, utilizing the science but considering all the other drivers mentioned above. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT A full transcript of this session is available at https://bit.ly/2RnGI9m

This talk was recorded at the Society for Range Management annnual meeting and training February 2020. The talk is from a symposium titled "Strategies for sustainability transformations in western rangelands." Lynn's presentation is available as a PDF here. hhttps://bit.ly/2QJXxLi Ranching and rangelands are undergoing rapid and intertwined changes. Changes include 1) ecological transitions due to climate and invasive species; 2) land use transitions associated with urbanization and shifting priorities for public lands; 3) demographic transitions reflected in the increasing average age and decreasing number of ranchers; 3) market transitions associated with changing consumer attitudes and globalized markets, and 4) technological transitions with advances in wireless and sensor technologies and access to “big data”. in this symposium, we ask: how can we direct inevitable change in desirable ways? Through these changes, how can we sustain the flow of rangeland products to consumers and improve environmental conditions in order to maintain or increase the well-being of those who live, work, and recreate on rangelands? WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX Transcript: https://bit.ly/2WD8jGj For more information on rangelands and rangeland science, visit https://globalrangelands.org/

Dr. Karen Launchbaugh's plenary address at the SRM's 2020 annual meeting was titled "Bridging the Gap: What Does SRM Want/Need to be and How to Get There?" This is a recording of that talk. Karen's PowerPoint presentation is available in PDF at http://bit.ly/2TRiox7 if you want to follow along. Karen Launchbaugh is a professor of rangeland ecology at the University of Idaho who specializes in topics related to grazing behavior, range animal nutrition, and targeted grazing. Dr. Launchbaugh’s research and teaching focus on applying principles of grazing management and targeted grazing to manage invasive plants, wildland fuels, and livestock-wildlife interactions. She is currently conducting research on how cattle grazing affect nesting sage-grouse and using targeted grazing to manage cheatgrass. Karen grew up on a sheep and cattle ranch in western North Dakota where she developed a passion for un-derstanding rangelands and learned about the SRM through Ranch Camp and the High School Youth Forum. She subsequently obtained three college degrees in rangeland science and management including a B.S. from North Dakota State Universi-ty, M.S. from Texas A&M University, and Ph.D. from Utah State University. Karen currently serves as director of the Rangeland Center at the University of Idaho. the Center is a unique organization of 35 university scientists and educators who work closely with land managers to bring science to management issues on Idaho’s range-lands. Together, the Center’s faculty and partners “bring science and solutions to the range.” WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE Brunson, M. W. & Huntsinger, L. Ranching As A Conservation Strategy: Can Old Ranchers Save The New West? Rangeland Ecology & Management 61, 137–147 (2008). PDF available at https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/jrm/article/view/19844 Howery, L.D., 2015. A Brief History of How the Society for Range Management was Founded. Rangelands 37, 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2014.12.007. Article available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019005281400008X and a PDF is here: https://bit.ly/3bukFp8. For more information on rangelands and rangeland science, visit https://globalrangelands.org/ TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/3jogGPB

What's good for cattle nutrition is sometimes different than what's good for plants. Dr. Bohnert talks about the timing of nutrient supply on rangelands and the nutrient demand of late winter- or spring-calving beef cattle and how to manage body condition to optimize calf performance. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX Resources TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/31B0lyt

Join Barry Perryman, Matt Williamson, and Karen Launchbaugh as they discuss recent research on cheatgrass causation and association and strategies to hold invasive annual grass at bay. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX ARTICLES MENTIONED ON THE SHOW Williamson article, “Fire, livestock grazing, topography, and precipitation affect occurrence and prevalence of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in the central Great Basin, USA”. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-019-02120-8 Reducing cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) fuel loads using fall cattle grazing https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1080744615301121 PDF here: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brad_Schultz/publication/325182735_Viewpoint_An_Alternative_Management_Paradigm_for_Plant_Communities_Affected_by_Invasive_Annual_Grass_in_the_Intermountain_West/links/5b7588fda6fdcc87df814299/Viewpoint-An-Alternative-Management-Paradigm-for-Plant-Communities-Affected-by-Invasive-Annual-Grass-in-the-Intermountain-West.pdf Grazing Management on Seeded and Unseeded Post-Fire Public Rangelands https://www.appliedanimalscience.org/article/S1080-7446(15)30975-X/abstract TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2ODRW8h

Join Julie Elliott, Chuck Butterfield, Hailey Wilmer and Matt Barnes as they discuss their new approach to the Society’s 2020 annual meetings. Interaction, conversation and hands-on learning rather than presentation is the outworking of a planning process that capitalizes on the integrative nature of rangeland science and rangeland people and the process of translating and transforming the Society’s meetings and trainings to the 21st century. Find out more at http://www.srm2020.org/ WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/2RGM6Vv

"Six patches make you six times less likely to be entirely wrong". Diversity and variability drive rangeland health. Healthy rangelands provide an array of ecological and social goods and services. Resiliency describes the robustness of natural mechanisms that allow land to continue providing those EGS over time with and through disturbance. Disturbances are necessary processes to create botanical diversity, but also changing diversity, across space and time. Human-caused disturbances should avoid pushing ecosystems over thresholds, tipping points, into new degraded stable states. Dr. Fuhlendorf says scientists and managers should "embrace ecological humility" and assume we know less than we think we do. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX Resources TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/2T0VKDx

"Six patches make you six times less likely to be entirely wrong". Diversity and variability drive rangeland health. Healthy rangelands provide an array of ecological and social goods and services. Resiliency describes the robustness of natural mechanisms that allow land to continue providing those EGS over time with and through disturbance. Disturbances are necessary processes to create botanical diversity, but also changing diversity, across space and time. Human-caused disturbances should avoid pushing ecosystems over thresholds, tipping points, into new degraded stable states. Dr. Fuhlendorf says scientists and managers should "embrace ecological humility" and assume we know less than we think we do. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX Resources TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/36uoQ28

Regenerative agriculture has gained popularity in response to concerns about the long-term effects of various agrochemical inputs we use on a variety of landscapes as well as the growing recognition of the complexity and sheer volume of microbial life in the soil-plant interface and below. Nicole discusses the origins of her book For the Love of Soil and some possible conclusions for building up soil health on rangelands. Her book can be purchased on Amazon or at her website https://www.integritysoils.co.nz/ WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2tw4I0W

Lands are tied to people, and any changes in land use necessarily involve people. Understanding people and land together is the work of cultural and landscape geography. Paul Starrs is a geographer who has written some of the more interesting literature on the lifeways of range people. Tip and Paul discuss the culture of the West and challenges to ranching in a wide-ranging interview centered on Paul's opening chapter in the book "Ranching West of the 100th Meridian". WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX RESOURCES MENTIONED ON THE SHOW: Many of Paul Starrs's publications are available at his ResearchGate page, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul_Starrs/research. A brief biography and contact information can be found at his faculty page, https://www.unr.edu/geography/people/paul-starrs. The 1998 book "Ranching West of the 100th Meridian" is available for purchase at most online stores or by special order from your local bookstore. His book Let the Cowboy Ride is a more robust treatment of ranching in the American West than the title would suggest. This is a readable, scholarly exploration of "the peculiar conditions that created an abiding tension between ranchers and government in the western reaches of the United States, and to understand this tumult in the context of its time then and our time now" (from the author's introduction in the book). The book is available to order through various outlets. For those who are interested in Deep Springs College, their excellent website is https://www.deepsprings.edu/. TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2RnYlGX

Rangeland vegetation monitoring has always been hampered by landscape variability, site selection bias, and available time to get to remote areas. With the Rangeland Analysis Platform, range managers can get landscape-scale cover values (perennial grass, annuals, shrubs, and trees) over both space and time, with data going back to 1984. Brady Allred and Matt Jones discuss the origins of the RAP, the mechanics of the technology, and applications for land managers. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX RESOURCES DISCUSSED ON THE SHOW Rangeland Analysis Platform. https://rangelands.app/ Working Lands for Wildlife. http://bit.ly/322b83g Journal article "Innovation in rangeland monitoring: annual, 30 m, plant functional type percent cover maps for U.S. rangelands, 1984–2017", available in full text at http://bit.ly/32YowXK. Journal article "Patterns of rangeland productivity and land ownership: Implications for conservation and management", available in full text at http://bit.ly/325fDKN. 1976 journal article by Eugene Maxwell: "A Remote Rangeland Analysis System", available at http://bit.ly/2phKJ4v. Convert Google Earth KML file into shapefile for importing into the RAP. https://mygeodata.cloud/converter/kml-to-shp TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2N9IZmR

Perennial bunchgrass roots are the prize fighter in the wildland boxing ring with cheatgrass, and bacteria may be sitting this one out. Matt Germino, range scientist with the US Geological Survey in Idaho, describes recent research on how bunchgrass roots compete with invasive annual grasses below the soil surface. We discuss concepts of resilience and resistance, the ecological mechanisms involved in competition, monitoring measurements that are good indicators of root dominance, and eventually discuss discouraging research on Pseudomonas flavescens, the bacterium hoped to be a silver bullet against cheatgrass. You can find more information on the research discussed here at the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center website: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/fresc And you can reach Matt Germino at [email protected]. Many articles on the Rangelands journal website are Open Access and do not require a paid subscription to the Society for Range Management or the journal. Check it out at https://www.journals.elsevier.com/rangelands. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/2OJBoeQ

Following "Cattle Free by '93" sentiment of the 80s and 90s has come growth in the middle ground, supported by both increasing recognition of the ecosystem goods and services provided by grazed rangelands as well as improvements in grazing management. Tip and Rick continue their discussion here and transition to Payment for Ecosystem Services programs that incentivize stewardship instead of non-production. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX PUBLICATIONS MENTIONED ON THE PODCAST The book Rick co-authored, Ranching West of the 100th Meridian, is available at https://islandpress.org/books/ranching-west-100th-meridian. Beef and Beyond: Paying for Ecosystem Services on Western US Rangelands. https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/viewFile/19306/18969 Ranchers as a keystone species in a West that works. https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/view/12293 Patterns of rangeland productivity and land ownership: Implications for conservation and management. https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eap.1862 TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/36rWohO

The value of large public lands is largely dependent on adjacent private lands. Charismatic megafauna that characterize the American West will, perhaps ironically, only survive if large livestock ranches remain profitable. Rick Knight, conservation biologist at Colorado State University, discusses with Tip the unequal ecological value of private lands, the rise of the radical center, and the economics of maintaining habitat through ranching. PUBLICATIONS MENTIONED ON THE PODCAST The book Rick co-authored, Ranching West of the 100th Meridian, is available at https://islandpress.org/books/ranching-west-100th-meridian. Beef and Beyond: Paying for Ecosystem Services on Western US Rangelands. https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/viewFile/19306/18969 Ranchers as a keystone species in a West that works. https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/view/12293 Patterns of rangeland productivity and land ownership: Implications for conservation and management. https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eap.1862 TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/2l9fhmE

Epigenetics studies in beef cattle have revealed surprising long-term effects of cow nutrition on performance of offspring in muscle and fat development, calf survivability, growth, carcass characteristics, reproduction, and health. Don Llewellyn and Tip discuss research what is meant by fetal programming (the more familiar name for this branch of epigenetics)and some of the research from Nebraska and Kansas that has illuminated the relationship between the health of the mother and the subsequent health of the calf throughout its life. LINKS Feeding Beef Cattle II: Fetal Programming, by Don Llewellyn. http://pubs.cahnrs.wsu.edu/publications/pubs/em060e/ Fetal Programming: Cow Nutrition and its Effects on Calf Performance, from North Carolina State Univ. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fetal-programming-cow-nutrition-and-its-effects-on-calf-performance Fetal Programming of Beef Cattle, by Tom Hamilton, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. https://www.canadiancattlemen.ca/2014/01/29/fetal-programming-of-beef-cattle/ Nutrition During Gestation and Fetal Programming (scientific paper by Kimberly Vonnahme). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242680621_Nutrition_During_Gestation_and_Fetal_Programming Feeding Beef Cattle I: The Realities of Low-Quality Forages, by Don Llewellyn. http://pubs.cahnrs.wsu.edu/publications/pubs/em053e/ WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/2kCgtPh

A common misconception about late summer and fall range grass is that low-quality forages serve only as fillers and have little value as feed. If this were universally true, wild ruminants would not be able to survive. Join Tip Hudson and Don Llewellyn for Art of Range episode #20 as they discuss how to get ruminants to digest low-quality forages. Rumen physiology, ruminant nutrition, and the fine points of proper protein supplementation for cattle on late summer/fall/winter range and pasture are all on tap. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey: wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT: https://bit.ly/33YCsBU LINKS Feeding Beef Cattle I: The Realities of Low-Quality Forages, by Don Llewellyn. http://pubs.cahnrs.wsu.edu/publications/pubs/em053e/ Feeding Beef Cattle II: Fetal Programming, by Don Llewellyn. http://pubs.cahnrs.wsu.edu/publications/pubs/em060e/ (REQUEST WET CHEMISTRY, NOT NIR, WHEN YOU SUBMIT A RANGE SAMPLE FOR ANALYSIS) Forage Analysis Interpretation, Montana State University. http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT201609AG.pdf Understanding Forage Test Results, Oregon State University. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ddbe/4436492e61471e1ea718426edb2f50a9f6dc.pdf Supplementing Beef Cows Mineral Supplementation of Beef Cows in the Pacific Northwest. https://www.extension.uidaho.edu/publishing/pdf/PNW/PNW670.pdf

Why a podcast to teach on range ecology and livestock production? Tip discusses some of the thInking behind using podcasting to counter the ”Age of Distraction” and to promote deep thinking about complex subjects. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey: wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2KjwAvg

WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/32OcUa1

Can satellite data and drones answer questions we’re not even asking yet? Jason Karl, Univ. of Idaho researcher, believes that’s a good possibility. We may be able to make connections, associations, observations, even test hypotheses, using images of whole landscapes in tandem with ground-based measurements to better understand and manage rangelands. Join Jason and Tip as they discuss the limitations and opportunities in remotely-sensed data, how to choose good monitoring indicators and measurements, and rancher-ready tools for analyzing landscapes. TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2S7sLvt Chapter on monitoring protocols: Options, approaches, implementation, benefits. https://jornada.nmsu.edu/files/bibliography/17-012.pdf https://www.landscapetoolbox.org/

“If a grain farmer doesn’t have crop insurance, any lender will show him/her the door.” But ranchers have not historically used many financial risk tools such as crop insurance. Tip and Shannon Neibergs, director for the Western Center for Risk Management Education, discuss the variety of risk education products available to ranchers as well as various financial measurement and financial risk tools such as livestock insurance products. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX Transcript: https://bit.ly/2wg68e8 Ag Risk & Farm Management Library https://www.cffm.umn.edu/products/AgRisk.aspx What is Livestock Risk Protection Insurance? https://agrisk.umn.edu/Library/Record/what_is_livestock_risk_protection_insurance USDA Risk Management Agency livestock insurance plans https://www.rma.usda.gov/en/Policy-and-Procedure/Insurance-Plans/Livestock-Insurance-Plans Rangeland resiliency case study documentary films: http://csanr.wsu.edu/case-studies/

Ethan Lane, director of the national Public Lands Council, makes a compelling case for ranchers to build a record of stewardship in order to tell a positive story as well as provide protection from critics of public lands grazing. He and Tip discuss the work of the PLC, why ranchers should be doing their own monitoring, and suggestions for constructively interacting with state and federal agencies. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2VwAWGr Resources mentioned in this episode: PLC.org policy.ncba.org

The scientists at the Jornada Experimental Range have been at the forefront of research monitoring rangeland health for decades. Jeff Herrick, a lead soil scientist at the Jornada, discusses with Tip recent advancements in rangeland monitoring methods and tools, including a monitoring app that brings together big data and on-the-ground sampling. Land PKS is now available at landpotential.org, and developers will be rolling out several key modules over the next couple months. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2GAMYnV RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE www.landpotential.org (Land PKS) https://www.landscapetoolbox.org/ https://rangelands.app/ (Rangeland Analysis Platform) https://jornada.nmsu.edu/monit-assess (Jornada monitoring protocols)

How many times have you thought: “You should have seen what this looked like 10 years ago?!” We usually mean that a range site or riparian zone looks better than it did 10 years ago, but most people can’t back up that claim. Join Tip and Sherm Swanson as they discuss ways to document landscape change and translate that data into management action. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2UqDMYf RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE Nevada Rangeland Monitoring Handbook | Third Edition http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/sp_2018_03.aspx "Practical Grazing Management to Meet Riparian Objectives", Journal of Rangeland Applications. https://journals.lib.uidaho.edu/index.php/jra/article/view/16

Dr. Nathan Sayre has written the definitive work on the origins and history of rangelands science, public ownership, agency management, and grazing philosophy in the United States. Join Tip and Nathan as they discuss his background building fence on ranches on the Southwest, his pathway to the sociology of rangelands, and then surprising findings in Sayre’s book research. Finally, they visit about recommendations for modern range management. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2OvMHGx RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE Nathan's book is "The Politics of Scale: A History of Rangeland Science". You can order through a local bookseller, or directly from the publisher, University of Chicago Press: https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo16762107.html Or, you can support the monopoly at https://www.amazon.com/Politics-Scale-History-Rangeland-Science/dp/022608325X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1538427564&sr=8-1&keywords=politics+of+scale. Recent articles by Nathan Sayre referenced in the podcast are available on the show notes link: https://bit.ly/2CHhkEe For more on concerns on the publishing monopoly, you can listen to an interview with Franklin Foer, author of the book “World Without Mind: The Existential Threat of Big Tech”, here: https://www.artofmanliness.com/articles/world-without-mind-franklin-foer-interview/

A half-century of war on cheatgrass hasn’t reduced its dominance on the high sagebrush seas. Barry Perryman of Univ. of Nevada-Reno says old-fashioned observations and rancher communication have led researchers to a promising paradigm shift: targeting the unique biology of this biennial grass through fall and winter grazing. Barry and Tip discuss classical approaches to field research, an admonition from Dr. Temple Grandin to pay attention to real people doing real work in the real world, and Barry's pathway to uncovering some convenient truths about cheatgrass biology through research in the Old World. They finish up with a discussion of fire ecology in the Great Basin. WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2JcrkLm RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE A UN-R bulletin on grazing to control cheatgrass is available here: http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/nr/2015/sp1503.pdf 1491, a book by Charles Mann, can be purchased at https://www.amazon.com/1491-Revelations-Americas-Before-Columbus/dp/1400032059/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=1491&qid=1581963901&sr=8-1. Most of Barry's publications are available at his university web page: https://www.unr.edu/anvs/people/perryman-barry

Range forage production can vary widely from year to year. What if you could get a production prediction 3 months ahead of the growing season and make management decisions from it? Tip's guest today, Matt Reeves (USFS) is part of a group of researchers who have developed the Rangeland Production Monitoring Service, a backward-looking prediction tool that is not meteorological forecasting, but a machine-learning approach to a seasonal outlook based on historical climate data. This episode includes an interview with Matt followed by Matt's talk at the Society for Range Management conference a couple weeks ago. The slides referred to in Matt’s talk are available at the show notes link: https://www.dropbox.com/home/Art%20of%20Range%20show%20notes WE NEED YOUR FEEDBACK! Please take 2 minutes to complete this short survey to help us continue funding the podcast: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9Y3fUWlQdBsyBZX TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2C9kT5Z RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE Rangeland Production Monitoring Service (RPMS): https://www.fs.fed.us/rmrs/projects/development-rangeland-production-monitoring-service-could-improve-rangeland-management Grasscast GRASSCAST: http://grasscast.agsci.colostate.edu Although Grass-Cast doesn’t currently extend into the Pacific Northwest, it might inspire ideas for adapting it to that region. The Drought Monitor, along with NDMC’s “Managing Drought Risk on the Ranch” handbook: https://drought.unl.edu/ranchplan/Overview.aspx. USDA’s revamped farmers.gov website, where ranchers can now more easily find information about weather-related safety-nets such as the Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA-FSA-Public/usdafiles/FactSheets/2018/livestock_forage_disaster_program-july2018.pdf; Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP) https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA-FSA-Public/usdafiles/FactSheets/2018/livestock_indemnity_program_fact_sheet-may_2018.pdf; and Pasture, Rangeland and Forage (PRF) insurance product https://www.rma.usda.gov/en/Fact-Sheets/National-Fact-Sheets/Pasture-Rangeland-Forage-Pilot-Insurance-Program. These programs were renewed in the 2018 Farm Bill (here’s a great Farm Bill overview by one of my (Reeves’) trusted AgEcon colleagues at OK State) https://news.okstate.edu/articles/agricultural-sciences-natural-resources/2018/stotts_2018-farm-bill-passage.html. Three other climate/ag tools developed by our friends at the Northwest and Southwest Climate Hubs: 1. Seedlot Selection Tool for forest landowners throughout the northwest and beyond: https://seedlotselectiontool.org/sst/ 2. Orchard Crop Suitability Mapping Tool for the northwest: https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/NWTOOLBOX/cropSuitability.php 3. AgRisk Viewer (from the SW Hub) -- an online tool for viewing historical causes of insured crop loss at the county level throughout the US: https://swclimatehub.info/rma/rma-data-viewer.html

Dr. Lynn Huntsinger has written persuasively about the importance of private land ranching and public lands grazing as a means of conserving, even protecting, open space, wildlife habitat, and clean water. This runs counter to the preservationist paradigm that dominated for several decades, but it is gaining traction as it also gains scientific validity. Dr. Huntsinger is a Rustici endowed professor in Environmental Science, Policy, & Management at University of California at Berkeley. She and Tip discuss risks of land conversion, benefits of intact ranches, and opportunities for ranchers to capitalize on the less tangible benefits that society receives from their private lands, when managed well. SURVEY Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey and to access continuing education credits (CPRM only): wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2XvUUP6 Dr. Huntsinger’s website: https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/lynn-huntsinger Article on ranching in the Bay area http://news.aag.org/2016/01/bay-area-open-space-is-not-open-space/ Articles mentioned in our discussion (most are not open access but Tip can provide a PDF upon request): Barry, Sheila J. 2014. Using Social Media to Discover Public Values, Interests, and Perceptions about Cattle Grazing on Park Lands. Environmental Management 53:454–464 Marty, Jaymee T. 2005. Effects of cattle grazing on diversity in ephemeral wetlands. Conservation Biology 19 (5):1626-1632. Historical progression of articles related to our podcast: Huntsinger, L. and J. Oviedo. 2014. Ecosystem services may be better termed social ecological services in a traditional pastoral system: The case of California Mediterranean rangelands at multiple scales. Ecology and Society 19 (1): 8[http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol19/iss1/art8/] Huntsinger, L., Johnson, M., Stafford, M. and J. Fried. 2010. California Hardwood Rangeland Landowners 1985 to 2004: Ecosystem services, production, and permanence. Rangeland Ecology and Management 63:325-334 Brunson, M. and L. Huntsinger. 2008. Can old ranchers save the new west? Synthesis paper, Journal of Range Ecology and Management 61:137-147. Sulak, A. and Huntsinger, L. 2007. Public lands grazing in California: untapped conservation potential for private lands? Rangelands 23(3):9-13. Liffman, R., L. Huntsinger, and L. Forero. 2000. To ranch or not to ranch: home on the urban range? J. Range Management53(4)362-370. Huntsinger, L. and P. Hopkinson. 1996. Sustaining rangeland landscapes: a social and ecological process. Journal of Range Management 49:167-173.

Ralph Waldo Emerson said that a weed is "a plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered". Tip's guest, Karen Launchbaugh, says that some "plants out of place" present serious ecological and ecological challenges to land managers but that some unwanted plants have redeeming qualities, particularly for domestic grazing animals. They discuss exotic species, various control strategies for weeds, success stories, integrated pest management principles, and, of course, using specific grazing timing and intensity and class of animal to suppress weed populations. SURVEY Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey and to access continuing education credits (CPRM only): https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://www.dropbox.com/home/Art%20of%20Range%20transcripts RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE USEFUL WEBSITES https://targetedgrazing.org University of Idaho targeted grazing research papers: https://targetedgrazing.org/research/ The same site has grazing prescriptions for many individual species: knapweed, leafy spurge, starthistle, canada thistle, etc. https://targetedgrazing.org/prescriptions/ Targeted Grazing Handbook. This landowner-oriented reference guide has individual chapters for various grazing goals, such as controlling brush, enhancing wildlife habitat, limiting wildfire, orchard understory management, and more. https://targetedgrazing.org/other-resources/targeted-grazing/ Rangeland journal article from 2012: "Targeted Grazing: Applying the Research to the Land". https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/download/19480/19120 BEHAVE project (Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management) http://behave.net/ SUCCESS STORIES Idaho Rangeland Resources Commission article, "Ray Holes--The Goat King". https://idrange.org/range-stories/north-central-idaho/ray-holes-the-goat-king-using-goats-to-combat-noxious-weeds/ BEEF Magazine article, "Use target grazing to take aim at invasive weeds" https://www.beefmagazine.com/americancowman/pasture-and-range/target-grazing Leafy spurge control in Alberta, Jan 2019 article at The Western Producer: https://www.producer.com/2019/01/alberta-sheep-ranch-focuses-on-grazing/ CONTRACT VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PRACTITIONERS Livestock for Landscapes Network. http://www.livestockforlandscapes.com/network.htm This site lists, by state, livestock businesses who have their shingle out to conduct contract weed control work. Businesses in the PNW: Craig Madsen, Healing Hooves: https://www.healinghooves.com/ Ray Holes. Ray Holes, [email protected], 208-740-9264 Nicole Bellows & Larry Davis, NW Goat Grazers. https://www.northwestgoatgrazers.com/

Dr. Ken Tate is the Russell L. Rustici Endowed Rangeland Watershed Science Specialist in Cooperative Extension at University of California-Davis. Tate’s research and outreach focuses on the diverse managed ecosystems that make up California’s grazinglands, promoting management that supports the many benefits society receives from these working landscapes, including clean water, biodiversity and agricultural productivity. He and Tip discuss ecological and social challenges to public lands grazing, including water quality, public opinion, and bad reporting. They also discuss surveys conducted by UC-Davis to better understand ranchers' opinions on how regulations and land management policies affect them. SURVEY Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey and to access continuing education credits (CPRM only): https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://www.dropbox.com/home/Art%20of%20Range%20transcripts RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE UC-Davis Rangelands Watershed Health website: http://rangelands.ucdavis.edu/rangeland-water-quality/ Many of Ken's publications are available here: http://rangelands.ucdavis.edu/kenneth-w-tate/ Grazing Management to Improve Soil Health, article by Ken: http://rangelands.ucdavis.edu/grazing-management-to-improve-soil-health/ California Rangeland Trust's "Rangeland Conservation Impact Award": https://www.rangelandtrust.org/press-release/conservation-impact-award-awarded-dr-kenneth-w-tate/

Jack Southworth, a rancher in Eastern Oregon, discusses with Tip how he manages for ecological and economic resiliency through flexible stocking rates, changing class of cattle based on the season's feed resources, and maximizing photosynthesis rate through the high desert's short growing period. SURVEY Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey and to access continuing education credits (CPRM only): https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://www.dropbox.com/home/Art%20of%20Range%20transcripts RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE WSU Extension rancher-to-rancher case study documentary about Southworth Brothers Ranch. http://csanr.wsu.edu/case-studies/ Capital Press article about national range management award. http://bit.ly/2QBNs58 WSU Low-Stress Cattle Handling: Understanding and Working with Cattle Instinct (video). https://vimeo.com/83256777 WSU Publication “Understanding Low-Stress Cattle Handling Techniques to Improve Animal Performance and Human Safety”. https://pubs.extension.wsu.edu/understanding-lowstress-cattle-handling-techniques-to-improve-animal-performance-and-human-safety Country Natural Beef: https://www.countrynaturalbeef.com/ WSU publication: 2008 Estimated Costs and Returns for a 150-Head Cow-calf to Grass-finished Beef Production System in the Channelled Scablands Range Area of East-central Washington. https://pubs.extension.wsu.edu/2008-estimated-costs-and-returns-for-a-150head-cowcalf-to-grassfinished-beef-production-system-in-the-channelled-scablands-range-area-of-eastcentral-washington

Dr. Kirk Davies, lead range scientist at the Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center (EOARC) in Burns discusses with Tip invasive annual grass (IAG) on western rangelands and current research into promising new approaches to biological control of cheatgrass and ventenata. The conversation weaves in the role of fire in semi-arid shrub-steppe ecosystems, challenges in rehabilitating annual grass-infested rangeland, grazing as a biological control for cheatgrass, the pros and cons of sagebrush plants as refugia, and Dr. Davies' thoughts on how to promote perennial grasses simultaneous with grazing IAG. SURVEY Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey: wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://www.dropbox.com/home/Art%20of%20Range%20transcripts RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE The scientists at the EOARC are prolific publishers. This OSU/USDA research station makes their journal articles and research papers available to the public on their website. https://oregonstate.edu/dept/EOARC/publication and https://oregonstate.edu/dept/EOARC/resources-0 Journal article: An Alternative Management Paradigm for Plant Communities Affected by Invasive Annual Grass in the Intermountain West. May 2018 in Rangelands by Berry Perryman, Brad Schultz, Kent McAdoo, Sherman Swanson. Full text available at https://bit.ly/2LblZBl. Implications of Longer Term Rest from Grazing in the Sagebrush Steppe, journal article by Kirk Davies, Martin Vavra, Brad Schultz, and Neil Rimbey. They conclude from a wide literature review that "Not grazing can cause an accumulation of fine fuels that increase fire risk and severity and, subsequently, the probability of sagebrush steppe rangelands converting to exotic annual grasslands. One common theme they found was that shifts in plant communities (i.e., exotic annual grass invasion and western juniper encroachment), caused in part from historical improper grazing, cannot be reversed by long-term rest. This synthesis suggests that land managers should carefully consider if long-term rest will actually achieve their management goals and if a change in grazing management would achieve similar results." https://oregonstate.edu/dept/EOARC/sites/default/files/publication/798.pdf Adaptive Management for Invasive Annual Grasses: A Step-By-Step User's Guide for Implementing EBIPM, by Roger Sheley, Brenda Smith, Kimberly Reever-Morghan, and Tony Svejcar. 40pp. https://s3.amazonaws.com/sfc-dynamic-content/uploadfiles/152/Adaptive%20Management%20sm.pdf Grazing Invasive Annual Grasses: The Green & Brown Guide, by Brenda Smith, Roger Sheley, and Tony Svejcar. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/55316/PDF Post-fire Grazing Management in the Great Basin, fact sheet for Sage Grouse Initiative. https://www.sagegrouseinitiative.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/7_Post-fire_Grazing.pdf

Guest Fred Provenza and Tip talk about how animals and environment affect each other in what Dr. Provenza calls a dance—a dance he’s written about in his brand-new book “Nourishment”. Tip and Fred discuss the 40 years of research that led to the writing of this capstone book. Along the way, they discuss how domestic animals can be selected or trained to match their environment and how this intersects with ecological, economic, and social resilience of rangeland-based livestock operations. Art of Range podcast show notes (www.artofrange.com) Episode 4: Dr. Fred Provenza, matching animal to environment Guest Fred Provenza, professor emeritus, Utah State University, and host Tip Hudson discuss Dr. Provenza’s lifetime of research on the complex relationships among animals and their environments, particularly with regard to diet and animal health. SURVEY Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey and to access continuing education credits (CPRM only): https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT A full transcript is available at: https://www.dropbox.com/home/Art%20of%20Range%20transcripts?preview=AoR_004_Fred_Provenza.clean.txt RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE BEHAVE project. www.behave.net. (Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management) WSU Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources: Northwest rangelands and climate resiliency. http://csanr.wsu.edu/northwest-rangelands/ 2013 Provenza paper "Complex Creative Systems". https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/download/19605/19238 Dr. Provenza's new book, "Nourishment: What Animals Can Teach Us about Rediscovering Our Nutritional Wisdom". https://www.amazon.com/Nourishment-Animals-Rediscovering-Nutritional-Wisdom-ebook/dp/B07KJH3FQD/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1543443718&sr=8-1&keywords=books+by+fred+provenza Dr. Provenza's book, The Art & Science of Shepherding". https://www.amazon.com/Art-Science-Shepherding-Michel-Meuret/dp/1601730691/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1543443776&sr=8-2&keywords=books+by+fred+provenza Recipe for rose hip tea: https://www.earthfoodandfire.com/wild-rose-hip-tea/ WSU publications on fetal programming in beef cattle Feeding Beef Cattle I: The Realities of Low-Quality Forages. https://pubs.wsu.edu/ItemDetail.aspx?ProductID=15519&SeriesCode=&CategoryID=&Keyword=Beef Feeding Beef Cattle II: Fetal Programming--Rethinking Cow/Calf Feeding Programs. https://pubs.wsu.edu/ItemDetail.aspx?ProductID=15547&SeriesCode=&CategoryID=&Keyword=Beef Articles on cow body size Article by John Scasta, Univ. of Wyoming range specialist. https://www.westernfarmerstockman.com/beef/finding-sweet-spot-cow-size Article by Kris Ringwall, NDSU beef specialist. https://www.drovers.com/article/beeftalk-finding-right-cow-size-not-simple Article by Dillon Feuz and Jesse Russell, Colorado State University. http://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/agriculture/the-optimal-cow-size-for-intermountain-cow-calf-operations-3-767/ University of Florida article, Relationship of Cow Size to Nutrient Requirements and Production Management Issues. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an226

Floyd Reed, retired US Forest Service range conservationist, discusses with Tip a book he co-authored several years ago with Dave Bradford and Robbie LeValley examining landscape photographs taken in Western Colorado between 1885 and 1915. They found those sites and repeated the photographs. The book is titled, “When the Grass Stood Stirrup-High: Facts, Photographs, and Myths of West-Central Colorado”. Tip & Floyd discuss photographic monitoring methods that can be used by ranchers and range professionals. TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://artofrange.com/episodes/aor-3-floyd-reed-landscape-change-over-time Books or resources mentioned in the podcast: When the Grass Stood Stirrup-High, by Dave Bradford, Floyd Reed, and Robbie LeValley is available through Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, Tri-River Area, 525 Dodge St, Delta CO, 81416. Ph: 970-874-2195. Rangeland Through Time, by Kendall Johnson, is available online at http://rangelands.org/wy_photos/RangeThroughTime/RangeThroughTime.html. It can be purchased through Amazon or other online book sellers. https://www.amazon.com/Rangeland-through-time-photographic-Miscellaneous/dp/0941570053. Re-discovering the Big Horns: a pictorial study of 75 years of ecological change, by John George Jack, 1976. Available from used book sellers. Exploring with Custer: The 1874 Black Hills Expedition, by Ernest Grafe and Paul Horsted, published in 2002. https://www.amazon.com/Exploring-Custer-Black-Hills-Expedition/dp/0971805318/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1542157323&sr=8-2&keywords=Exploring+With+Custer "Beginnings of Range Management: Albert F. Potter, First Chief of Grazing, U.S. Forest Service, and a Photographic Comparison of his 1902 Forest Reserve Survey in Utah with Conditions 100 Years Later”. July 2005. David A. Prevedel & Curtis M. Johnson. https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_journals/2005/rmrs_2005_prevedel_d001.pdf University of Idaho publication on photomonitoring, rancher field guide with photoboard: https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/PNW/PNW672.pdf University of Idaho publication on photo monitoring procedures: https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/PNW/PNW671.pdf Photomonitoring guide by Fred Hall, USFS. This is the gold standard for fixed point, repeat photography: https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr526/ The Glass Cage, by Nicholas Carr. https://tinyurl.com/y8kal673 The Age of Interruption, by Thomas Friedman. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/05/opinion/05friedman.html A Crack in Creation, https://www.amazon.com/Crack-Creation-Editing-Unthinkable-Evolution/dp/0544716949

Guest Dr. Karen Launchbaugh and host Tip Hudson discuss grazing management philosophies, changes in scientific understanding of plant community dynamics over the last 50 years, and grazing terminology. SURVEY Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT The full transcript of this episode is available at: https://bit.ly/2DLNd1q RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE State and transition modeling: an ecological process approach. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_050801.pdf Land EKG Grazing Response Index: http://www.landekg.com/newsletter-200909/ Original Grazing Response Index: https://www.blm.gov/or/programs/nrst/files/Grazing%20_Response_Index.pdf Targeted Grazing Handbook, by Univ. of Idaho: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/rx-grazing/Handbook.htm Politics of Scale, by Nathan Sayre. https://amzn.to/2Qif7DA

Guest Karen Launchbaugh and host Tip Hudson discuss grazing management principles that apply everywhere, coordinating grazing management across multiple ownerships, stocking rate planning for long-term rangeland health, and the pros and cons of common grazing rules of thumb. SURVEY Please take 60 seconds to complete this quick 5-question survey: https://wsu.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GHpHVHlsouSorr TRANSCRIPT A full transcript is available at: https://bit.ly/2NfeCIq RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE Land EKG Grazing Response Index: http://www.landekg.com/newsletter-200909/ Original Grazing Response Index: https://www.blm.gov/or/programs/nrst/files/Grazing%20_Response_Index.pdf Journal article "Practical Grazing Management to Meet Riparian Objectives", by Sherman Swanson: https://journals.lib.uidaho.edu/index.php/jra/article/view/16 Burkhardt & Sanders paper, "Management of Growing Season Grazing in the Sagebrush Steppe": https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/rangelands/article/view/19540/19175 Targeted Grazing Handbook website and publications: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/rx-grazing/handbook.htm