Talos Takes

Despite governments' best efforts, spyware is still running rampant on the threat landscape. These types of tracking malware are used to target high-profile individuals like politicians, activists, journalists and more — and even sometimes for jealous exes to track their former partners. Asheer Malhotra, who recently dissected the Predator spyware, joins Talos Takes this week to talk about Predator and its associated tool, Alien. Asheer shares new technical details about this spyware and discusses why "mercenary" spyware groups are on the rise.If listeners suspect their system(s) may have been compromised by commercial spyware, please consider notifying Talos’ research team at [email protected] to assist in furthering the community’s knowledge of these threats.

Hazel Burton is our special guest host this week of Talos Takes, featuring a very special guest: Talos Vice President Matt Watchinski! Matt and Hazel have a conversation for Mental Health Awareness Month, especially as it relates to the cybersecurity industry. They share tips on how to balance work and life (when it seems like cybersecurity is starting to permeate every aspect of our lives) and how to deal with failure. Join us for this incredibly candid conversation!

Talos researchers recently discovered a new ransomware group called "RA Group." This week, Nick Biasni joins Jon to discuss this new threat actor and the modified Babuk ransomware they've already used in attacks against a wide range of companies in the U.S. and South Korea. Nick talks about the group's use of source code that's already been leaked, where they could be headed next and what this group may signal for the larger ransomware landscape. Other helpful links:Threat Source newsletter (May 11, 2023) — So much for that ransomware declineTalos Takes Ep. #71 (includes more details about the "double extortion" tactics of ransomware)

Tiago Pereira from Talos Outreach joins the show this week to talk about his recent discovery of a new phishing-as-a-service tool called "Greatness." Since everything else is "as-a-service" nowadays, it's only fitting that attackers have figured out how to monetize easy phishing tools, too. Tiago discusses what makes Greatness unique, why it's going after business targets specifically, and why it creates such convincing fake Office 365 login pages.

This week's episode is longer than usual, but we wanted to bring you the Cisco Talos Incident Response On Air livestream from last week for anyone who missed it. For anyone who prefers a video version, you can watch the recording here.In this discussion, researchers from Talos IR and the Talos Threat Intelligence and Interdiction team cover the top threats and attacker tactics they saw over the past quarter. They talk about why the use of web shells is way up, whether or not the ransomware decline is real and how multi-factor authentication could have stopped many of the threats they worked on in the first quarter of 2023. For more, read the latest Talos IR Quarterly Trends report.

On the heels of law enforcement agencies from across the globe working together to disrupt two popular cybercrime forums — Genesis Market and BreachForums — Azim Khodjibaev from Talos' Threat Intelligence & Interdiction team joins Jon to talk about these types of sites. Azim has years of experience infiltrating and investigating these types of marketplaces to learn about emerging security threats. He talks about what goes into these types of takedowns and where the sites' users are likely to go from here.Suggested reading:Data breach leak site BreachForums shuts downThreat Source newsletter (April 13, 2023) — Dark web forum whac-a-mole

Nowadays it seems like every major tech company has their own multi-factor authentication solution, whether that be a unique app, one-time passcode generation or the "classic" SMS two-factor code. Thorsten Rosendahl, the newest addition to the Cisco Talos Strategic Communications team in Europe, joins the show this week to discuss the conversations he's been having with customers in the field around MFA. He and Jon cover the news that Twitter is going to start charging for users to enroll in SMS-based MFA, the challenge of having too many authenticator apps on their personal devices and how we can get closer to a passwordless future.Other suggested reading:Threat Source newsletter (Feb. 23, 2023) — Social media sites are making extra security a paid featureNot All MFA is Equal, and the Differences Matter a LotTalos Takes Ep. #45: SMS authentication is still around, but that doesn't mean it's a good option

With another major supply chain attack recently making headlines, we felt like it was a good time to refresh our advice on how to prepare for these types of cyber attacks. Adversaries are increasingly relying on users' inherent trust of the software running on their networks and devices to deliver hijacked, malicious updates that are actually malware. Craig Jackson, a senior Cisco Talos incident responder, joins the show to provide some advice on how organizations can prep for the next major supply chain attack. We also discuss the current, ongoing 3CX situation and how anyone potentially affected could respond now. Other suggested reading:3CX blames North Korea for supply chain mass-hackTalos blog post on the 3CX supply chain attackThe Company You Keep – Preparing for supply chain attacks with Talos IR

Everyone is talking about tools like ChatGPT and other AI tools that are dominating headlines and threatening to upend every industry possible. But where do these things stand in cybersecurity? In this week's episode, Jon talks to two women who are well-versed on the topic and recently presented about the cybersecurity implications of AI at several conferences. Gergana Karadzhova of Cisco Talos Incident Response and Saskia Laura Schroer, a security consulting engineer for Cisco, discuss how AI is currently influencing attackers and defenders. Are attackers already using these tools? Does it give them superpowers? And what questions are still left unanswered about this emerging technology?

It's been just over a year since Talos formed our Ukraine-focused task force. After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, many of our teammates sprung into action to protect critical infrastructure and networks there — not to mention the Talos employees who literally had to fight back to protect their home country. In this week's episode of Talos Takes, J.J. Cummings, one of the lead organizers of this task force, joins the show to discuss the group's ongoing work. J.J. talks about where the situation in Ukraine stands currently, how the cyber threats facing the country have evolved over the past year and much more. To further mark the one-year anniversary of the conflict, Talos has also released a graphic novel illustrating the formation of this task force. Additionally, the latest episode of ThreatWise TV from Cisco highlights the work Talos and Cisco are doing in Ukraine.

Vanja Svajcer and Andrew Windsor join the show this week to talk about their recent research into the Prometei botnet. This malware continues to evade detection and invade more machines so it can eventually hijack them to mine Monero cryptocurrency. Jon asks them about what's new with Prometei, why it's pretty generous in who it's targeting and where we could see it going next. Additional reading

Public perception is such that it's assumed we just get more spam in the U.S. during two major times of the year — Tax Season and Black Friday. But over the past few years, this trend has become a thing of the past. With Tax Day approaching for Americans, there won't be more spam emails coming their way than usual, it'll just be different. Eric Peterson from Talos' email detection team joins the show for Jon's triumphant return from parental leave to talk about tax-related spam. Eric talks about topics he's seen so far this year and why it's a myth that spam volume changes as Tax Day approaches.

Nick Biasini is back as host again to talk to Vitor Ventura about the benefits of taking an active approach to threat defense. Many organizations may just sit back and wait for something bad to happen. But as he outlined in his recent blog post, Vitor says there are many benefits to being proactive instead of reactive. Nick asks him about threat hunting as a team, scanning logs and tracking network traffic on an almost-constant basis.

We're back with the final year in review focused episode. This time the focus is on the ever broadening ransomware landscape and the commodity malware loaders that often support it. I'll be joined by one of the researchers from the year in review report, Aliza Johnson to talk about what we saw on the ransomware landscape over the last year as well as how threats like Qakbot, IcedID, and Trickbot have changed and evolved over the last year. We'll also cover how these threats overlap and how LoLBins are yet again an area of concern.

In this episode of Talos Takes I am joined by security researcher Guilherme Venere to discuss their recent research on LNK files. The usage of these files by malicious actors has exploded over the last six months as actors look to move away from macro based initial infection vectors. LNK files do have unique metadata attributes to allows for useful actor and threat tracking capabilities. We'll dig deeper on LNK files as well as the metadata you can leverage. For full details check out the blog at https://blog.talosintelligence.com/following-the-lnk-metadata-trail/

We're back with another year in review focused episode. This time the focus will be the threat landscape generally and I'll be joined by threat researcher Caitlin Huey. In this episode we'll discuss what we found in the last year, with a focus on the general threat landscape. We'll spend time discussing dual use tools, lolbins, and the surprising re-emergence of USB attacks in 2022.

In this episode of Talos Takes we are joined by Vanja Svjacer to discuss his recent blog on XLL abuse. This year Microsoft finally removed support for macros from their office suite creating a vacuum in the threat landscape. Macros had been the tool of choice for adversaries for the last several years and the race to find alternatives is underway. In this episode we'll talk a bit about Office Add-Ins and how we've already seen adversaries starting to abuse XLL files in the wild.

In this episode of Talos Takes we are joined by Jacob Finn to discuss the APT summary section of the larger year in review report. These state sponsored actors tend to conduct more sophisticated, targeted campaigns typically related to espionage or other information gathering activities. This episode will dive a bit deeper on what can be found in the report as well as an overview of the state sponsored activity we've observed from the last year.

In this episode of Talos Takes we are joined by Tiago Periera to discuss his recent blog on truebot activity. Truebot and the silence group have been active for a number of years operating primarily financially motivated cybercrime. In this episode we will talk about the recent campaign we observed as well as the tools and tactics we uncovered. We'll also discuss the links between these groups and other threat actors, like TA505.

In this episode of Talos Takes we are joined by Kendall McKay to discuss the recently released year in review report and dig deep on our activities in Ukraine. The year in review covers a vast amount of data and intel sources to identify some of the key trends we observed in 2022. Our activities in Ukraine have been well documented, in this episode we'll also talk more broadly about the trends and highlight some key findings from the past year.

LodaRAT is an AutoIT based RAT that has been distributed for the last several years. Initially tied to the Kasablanka group its distribution has grown over the years. In this episode we'll be talking with the researcher, Chris Neal, to discuss LodaRAT, the campaigns we've been observing along with some key tidbits about how AutoIT is abused by adversaries. Including some fun with decompiling and recompling.

InterPlanetary File System or IPFS has increased in prominence as a file hosting technology associated with Web 3.0. It's probably most well known for hosting NFTs, but this blockchain related technology is also being abused by bad actors. In this episode we'll be talking with Edmund Brumaghin about his recent research into IPFS and his findings. We'll also talk about the ways we've seen malicious actors abuse it and briefly touch on things organizations can do to protect themselves.

To wrap up Cybersecurity Awareness Month, we're looking at the best, and free, ways to improve your security skills. Jason Kirkland and David Roman from Cisco Talos Incident Response join Jon to talk about the websites, YouTube channels, social media profiles and more they use to stay up-to-date on security news and polish their cybersecurity skills. Here are links to some of the resources we spoke about in this episode:@SwiftOnSecurity@CISAgovBlue Team Village DiscordThe Definitive Compendium ProjectDigital Forensics & Incident ResponseFind your local BSides chapterDFIR DivaTryHackMeR/NetsecThirteen3Cisco Talos YouTube page

To celebrate this week's National Cybersecurity Awareness Month theme, we have a special 101 episode of Talos Takes to cover the basics of threat hunting. This is a crucial skill for any cybersecurity professional-in-training and one of the questions we get the most often. Asheer Malhotra from the Talos Outreach team joins the show to talk about where he starts finding new malware families and threat actors, what the barriers usually are that he has to overcome and what check boxes he has to hit before he can talk about something publicly. For more on this topic, watch our "Threat Hunting 101" livestream from earlier this week here.

To celebrate National Cybersecurity Awareness Month, two one-time "security noobs" talk about their career trajectories and how they've grown to see themselves in cyber. Sammi Seaman and Jon Munshaw talk about their previous careers in library services and journalism, respectively, and how they applied some of those skills to cybersecurity. Other talking points include:Cybersecurity "ah ha!" moments.Not being afraid to ask questions.Free ways to expand one's cybersecurity knowledge.The importance of getting involved in local cybersecurity conferences and non-profits.

Azim Khodjibaev joins the show once again for the latest addition of "Days of our Ransomware." Jon and Azim talk about the recent LockBit 3.0 leaks and the drama surrounding them. Will other actors try to backpack off the leaked builder? Why is LockBit switching to triple extortion tactics now? And what other trends are going on in the ransomware landscape? This is the perfect place to get caught up on all things ransomware to head into the rest of National Cybersecurity Awareness Month.

Nick Biasini is back on once again to talk to Jon about Insider Threats. Nick recently wrote a post about how he and Cisco Talos Incident Response are seeing an increase in these types of attacks in the wild. And while the term "insider threat" may sound like someone actively seeking to do something bad, that's now always the case. This week's episode discusses how to prepare for Insider Threats and some of the hallmarks of the spam emails, calls and mobile notifications we're seeing in these campaigns.

Vitor Ventura from the Talos Outreach team joins the show this week to run down Talos' recent research into the Lazarus Group. This well-known North Korean state-sponsored threat actor is well known for their ransomware and cryptocurrency-related cyber attacks, but we recently found them launching a new information-stealing trojan targeting energy companies. Vitor talks about the new trojan, MagicRAT, and how it fits into their larger plans and motivations.

Guilherme Venere of the Outreach team joins Jon this week to discuss the Gamaredon APT group. This Russian state-sponsored actor is infamous at this point in its life, but it keeps growing by adding new tools and malware. Recently, Guilherme helped to discover a new campaign targeting users and organizations in Ukraine, a common target of Gamaredon since the onset of Russia's invasion. They discuss what's unique about this particular attack, and why we can't just assume their activities will stay isolated to Ukraine for the time being.

We're headed back to school with Talos Takes again! Pierre Cadieux from Cisco Talos Incident Response joins the show to talk about advice for educational institutions. Jon asks him about common incident response advice for the education sector and we cover security advice for school admins, parents and students who have to worry about electronic devices traveling to and from school and connecting to all sorts of networks. This episode is particularly relevant this week given some recent major cyber attacks against the education sector, including a major event at the combined Los Angeles school district.

This week, we have the audio version of our recent livestream for Ukraine Independence Day. Talos assembled a panel of experts who have been working hands-on to defend critical Ukraine systems and its citizens from cyber threats. JJ Cummings, Ashlee Benge and Dmytro Krozhevin answer questions from Hazel Burton about the current security threats Ukraine faces, what Talos has done to hunt for threats in the region and how Cisco is supporting its employees in Ukraine.

An underrated aspect of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is the effect it’s had on the global food supply chain. Ukraine is a major importer and exporter of grain and other food staples, but the industry now faces kinetic and cyber threats. Joe Marshall of Talos has spent months learning all about agricultural cybersecurity and the unique position farming equipment and infrastructure is in. Joe recently wrote about these threats for the Talos blog and joins Talos Takes to talk about how important Ukraine is to the global food supply chain and what law enforcement and global governments can do to prepare for potential state-sponsored attacks.

The public traditionally thinks about cyber attacks as being from some well-funded, state-sponsored actor. But increasingly small-time criminals are turning to the internet to make their money. Increasingly, they’re not carrying out one-off robberies, and instead are working on insurance fraud scams and spam emails. Nick Biasini joins Talos Takes this week to discuss his recent research into this topic and shares what the data shows about the growth of small-time cybercrime.

Jon took a break from listening to “Red (Taylor’s Version)” to turn this podcast around quickly to align with our recent research on the Kimsuky APT. This North Korean state-sponsored actor is in the wild again targeting South Korean organizations that house potentially sensitive information. The group set up fake Blogger sites to lure in the victims to read about news related to nuclear disarmament and relations on the Korean peninsula, but instead were hit with infostealing malware. Assheer Malhotra, who helped research and write our latest blog, joins the show to discuss this group’s motivations, what information they may have been looking for, and how Talos helped put a stop to their actions.

We continue our special series for National Cybersecurity Awareness Month by addressing everyone’s worst nightmare: phish. Who among us hasn’t gotten the call, “We’re trying to reach out about your car’s extended warranty?” In this Talos Takes, Jaeson Schultz, Talos’ foremost spam and phish expert, breaks down spam emails, phone calls and messages for any user. We discuss new trends we’re seeing from attackers in 2021, talk about the best software solutions available and give advice to Jon’s 77-year-old grandmother.

Everyone loves to talk and write about how tough it is that we are all working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. So for once — to celebrate National Cybersecurity Awareness Month — Talos Takes wants to talk about the positives! Christopher Marshall, the head of Talos’ detection research team, joins the show to discuss how he’s kept his team’s morale up during this time. Cybersecurity is a rough industry to be in, regardless of any external factors. So it’s important for him to avoid employee burnout and turnover. He and Jon also discuss the positives of working remotely, what they’re most looking forward to when they can go back into the office and their favorite pandemic-era hobbies.

“Proxyware” sounds like a complicated topic that you’re too afraid to ask about. But really, it’s just software that allows users to sell off a portion of their internet bandwidth for a small profit. Problem is, attackers are swooping in on this popular software to spread malware and steal users’ money. Edmund Brumaghin joins the show this week to discuss his recent research into proxyware applications and how malware is hiding in plain sight. Edmund discusses why these types of apps are potentially unwanted applications, and what the threat is for enterprise users with remote workers, as well as personal PC users.

Fresh off of translating an entire ransomware playbook from Russian to English, Azim and Dave from the Talos Threat Intelligence & Interdiction team join Talos Takes to talk about this project. They provide some first-hand insights into what this leaked playbook tells us about the Conti ransomware-as-a-service group. Threat actors — they have feelings just like us!

This is a double special Talos Takes episode — it’s XL-sized and continues our Cybersecurity Awareness Month theme. This is a recording of our live stream from earlier this week with Brad Garnett, the general manager of Talos Incident Response. Even if you’ve never worked with an incident response team before, or have no idea what IR is, this is a perfect place to start. We provide the tl;dr of the IR process, talk building an IR plan and answer audience questions.

The last time Jon had Asheer Malhotra from Talos Outreach on the show, they covered the Transparent Tribe APT. Asheer joins the show again this week to talk about another threat actor that is very similar to Transparent Tribe, but is just a tad different. Asheer recently co-authored a research paper on the aptly named SideCopy actor, which borrows many TTPs from their fellow actors, including Transparent Tribe. This episode, we’ll talk about SideCopy’s methods, why they may be borrowing so much from those around them and where they could go from here.

Business email compromise may seem like last decade’s threat, but it’s still just as prevalent as ever. A recent FBI report found that it cost users more than $1 billion in 2020, and attackers are now capitalizing on everything from PlayStation 5 sales to the COVID-19 pandemic to still scam people. On this week’s Talos Takes, Nick Biasini recaps his recent research into BEC and discusses why there are some reasons why this threat may never go away (hint: users).

We can set our watches to tax scams every year in April. The bad guys are always looking to steal your information, promising to get you a bigger tax return or do your taxes for you. This year is a bit different because Tax Day is a bit later than usual thanks to — you guessed it — COVID. Attackers are now combining these two topics to create spam campaigns, promising to provide you new information about how COVID affects your taxes, or even promising to send you a gift in exchange for receiving your COVID vaccine. Jaeson Schultz makes his inaugural appearance on Talos Takes to discuss what he’s seeing in the wild and how you can avoid these common scams.

It was only a matter of time before we had Wendy Nather from Cisco Secure Duo on the show. We finally met Beers with Talos’ level of stardom, as Wendy joins the show to discuss SMS messages as a form of multi-factor authentication. We break down why SMS authentication is still around and used by some of our most important services like banks, and what alternatives are out there. We also discuss the dangers of SIM-jacking attacks and the benefits of using Duo’s app-based authentication.

We put this week’s Talos Takes episode together last minute to discuss the Microsoft Exchange Server zero-day vulnerabilities Microsoft disclosed earlier this week. Nick Biasini joins the show to discuss mitigation strategies and what these vulnerabilities mean for your environment at-large. Plus, we discuss why this is another case of patching above all else. For more coverage on this topic, check out the Talos blog.

On this week’s episode of Talos Takes, we go back a month or so to reflect on the Masslogger trojan Talos wrote about earlier this year. This malware may not make national headlines, but that doesn’t mean you should just ignore it. Find out where this trojan is hiding and why it’s after your Outlook and Google Chrome login credentials.

Say you’ve got the basics of security down, and now you want to start putting it into practice. Where do you start? In this Talos Takes episode, we run through some free and low-cost security tools anyone can use to beef up their network. We talk about Snort, built-in security tools on operating systems and more.

It’s National Cyber Security Awareness Month! And you know what that means? It’s time to make everyone more aware! Since we all have that special someone in our lives who could use a refresher on internet hygenie, we figured it was time to talk about bringing up the topic of security to your friends and family who may not be as computer literate as you are. Jon Munshaw and Nick Biasini talk about basic tips to give even your oldest family members and user-friendly programs and services that can improve everyone’s security.

On this episode of Talos Takes, we talk all about attribution. Our guest, Martin Lee, recently co-authored a post on the hurdles government agencies and private researchers alike face when trying to place blame for a cyber attack. Martin talks about why we’re so obsessed with placing the blame, what false flags are and what helpful things can actually come from attributing a threat.

LoLBins sound like they’d be funny, but they’re anything but. These “living-off-the-land binaries” make it so that attackers can more easily hide on your system as they disguise themselves as legitimate processes. On this episode of Talos Takes, Nick Biasini talks about what LoLBins are, exactly, how adversaries use them and how you can spot them on your environment.

With the Equifax attack back in the headlines, we take a closer look at Big Game Hunting this week on Talos Takes. Why do threat actors look at these massive targets, and what do they hope to get out of it? Is there anything smaller organizations can learn from these high-stakes campaigns?