Subject To Power

Much of today’s rise of violent misogyny can find its cultural traces in the witch hunts of old Europe and North America. And while many of us are casually aware of these historical events, our two guests on this episode, novelist Zoe Venditozzi and human rights attorney Claire Mitchell, spent the last seven years digging deep into their own country of Scotland’s prolific history of witch trials and executions - a history that was up to now virtually unknown. Gifted storytellers and viciously funny, Claire and Zoe document their journey into this dark past in their fascinating new book How To Kill A Witch: The Patriarchy’s Guide to Silencing Women as well as on their hit podcast Witches of Scotland. Through a sharply feminist lens, Claire and Zoe unravel exactly how the witch craze kicked off, spread across Scotland, and was kept going for centuries, resulting in the torture and execution of over 4000 innocent people, most of whom were women. In this episode we talk about all of their projects, including their legal campaign to bring justice to those accused, convicted, and executed under the The Witchcraft Act of 1563, about the creation of their Clan Witches of Scotland tartan (for sale on their website), the importance of remembering and memorializing, and also about making connections between those grim events and our present time - as the forces that were at play hundreds of years ago are very much alive today. EPISODE LINKS Witches of Scotland website CONTACT US Website: subjecttopower.com Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected]

Male-run totalitarian governments copy paste each other’s oppressive tactics; one aspiring dictator looks at what another tyrant is up to and adopts similar methods - and all seem to be different variations on the same theme - mainly to keep women vulnerable and under men’s control, and away from self-determination and any political power. Guest on this episode, Li Wen, started out as a journalist and policy analyst in China and now lives in Germany where she hosts a wildly popular Chinese podcast called Seahorse Planet. Banned in China but globally popular, Seahorse Planet features critical and inspirational feminism, the type of women’s rights talk male-run totalitarian governments despise and forbid. In this episode we talk about China’s u-turn on gender equality, the many social pressures women are subjected to now, including beauty duty, the marriage trap, discrimination in education and jobs market, and what its latest MeToo movement is accomplishing. We talk about the huge ripple effects of China’s 35-year-long one child policy and compare notes between the US and China on the birth rate panic and each of our government’s desperate attempts to promote marriage and so-called family values. We talk about what is considered a good and acceptable kind of feminism in China and the kind of feminism that can ruin your life - and how we, in this ultra-patriarchal world, build a more just social order and what that looks like. EPISODE LINKS Seahorse Planet Podcast CONTACT US Website: subjecttopower.com Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected]

One of the main goals of Subject To Power is to create an international platform for women (and some men) from different cultures to come on and report on what is happening in their corner of the world, so that the rest of us can learn from them, and maybe heed some warnings. It's easy to think that what happens in our own little bubble is unique, unique to our government, unique to our laws, to the way men behave in our particular country, unique to our cultural customs. But the more you listen to women in places elsewhere, the clearer it becomes that so many of the methods and tactics used to control women - are the same across nations, and are very predictable. In this episode Elle talks to young Hungarian feminist Krisztina Les, about what her advocacy and activism for women’s rights in Hungary looks like, and all of what we could learn from what has unfolded there in the last 20 years. It has never been more crucial that we look beyond our own country’s borders to see what might be ahead for women in our own countries. How democracy, basic freedoms, women’s rights, equality and whole value systems can be dismantled in a very short amount of time. And that none of it is guaranteed. EPISODE LINKS PATENT Association FiLiA Hague Mothers Telex: Expat mother who died in house fire in Budapest had been living in fear for a long time CONTACT US Website: subjecttopower.com Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected]

For Finnish scholar Kaarina Kailo, sauna is the medicine we need in these tormented times. “In the sauna you are brought into direct contact with the holy spirit. It's the alternative to the patriarchal church. It's the space of peace, of equality, of ritual and the sacredness that we have lost and are craving. It's a multidimensional healing space for the body, the spirit, and the mind.” A researcher of women’s cultural studies and folklore, Northern women’s culture, goddess mythologies, Indigenous worldview and theory, modern matriarchal studies, the gift economy, and the bear religion, Kaarina has spent many years investigating the very old history of sauna and sweating cultures in Finland, in Old Europe and in Indigenous cultures in North America. With her new book Sauna Culture, Sweat and Spirituality, Kaarina explores the origins of pre-Christian, pre-patriarchal sauna as a sacred space for healing and rebirth, and how female symbols and the maternally perceived cosmos in past sweating cultures have been transformed. In this episode we talk about the early religions that didn't require belief in an abstract god because they were based on mother earth and verifiable material reality. We talk about the patriarchal takeover of sacredness, the great cost of losing our embodiment and connection to the natural world, the power of feminist spirituality to reconnect our broken bonds, and how we embrace the darkness so we can be reborn in the spring. EPISODE LINKS Kaarina Kailo’s website CONTACT US Website: subjecttopower.com Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected]

With male violence being an inescapable and world-shaping force, one that undermines democracy, equality and peace - how do we unpack and tease apart the ingredients that go into the making of men and male culture of dominance? How do we shake up and push for a cultural shift away from violent domination? In this episode Elle talks with world-leading researcher and educator Michael Flood, who has spent his life doing exactly that - researching, writing and discussing men, masculinities, gender, violence against women, and maybe most importantly - violence prevention for men and boys and creating alternative, more positive masculine narratives. Starting with the question of what makes a subset of men join violent extremists movements, Michael takes us through what the research reveals in his book Masculinity and Violent Extremism (co-authored with Joshua Roose in 2022). We then move into a broader conversation about the overlap between violent extremism and the mainstream conditioning that makes up modern masculinity, and crucially - the unifying role of misogyny. Also, with masculinity on the move and being redefined, how do we seize this moment to move away from entrenched, pro-patriarchal visions of manhood? EPISODE LINKS XY Website Masculinity and Violent Extremism CONTACT US Website: subjecttopower.com Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected]

Poet Usha Akella talks about poems as bridges into worlds, bridges that help to soften borders - and there is nothing we need more at this moment - than a softening of the criss-crossing lines that cut us off from one another. Borders are hardening, honest and patient dialogue is becoming rare, and meeting each other halfway seems more and more difficult - but a poet’s words can offer a bypass, a more direct path from one human heart to another. Acclaimed poet and author of 11 books, Usha has contributed to over 150 literary anthologies and journals, and is the founder and director of Matwaala, a South Asian diaspora poets’ collective launched in 2015. Usha's poetry is full of very real world matters and it does not shy away from confronting the ironies and contradictions of living life as a woman on this planet - no matter our cultural belonging. With her x-ray honesty and masterful craft, she writes from the raw emotions of her own life experiences as well as a soaring bird's eye view. In this episode Usha reads several poems from her book I Will Not Bear You Sons, and shares the stories behind the poems as well as the clash of cultural forces that shaped her as a woman and as a poet. We also talk about the firestorm that erupted around the book in India, the different forms of patriarchal control women endure, Usha's own refusal to be silenced, the cost of writing feminist poetry, and finding sisterhood with fellow women’s writers. EPISODE LINKS Matwaala South Asian Diaspora Poets’ Collective I Will Not Bear You Sons The POV CONTACT US Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected]

Award-winning non-fiction writer and journalist Rachel Hewitt unearths and writes about various corners of women’s history - and the subsequent erasure of that same history - showing us how women are indeed equal participants in all aspects of public life - until we are banned, excluded and erased. In her latest book, In Her Nature, Rachel looks at women’s accomplishments in sports and the great outdoors from the Victorian era to the present, and chronicles the various ways in which men organized to exclude and ban women from athletics and the outdoors - and more broadly from public spaces and public life. In her writings, which includes the brilliant Substack Small Revolutions, Every Day, Rachel makes crucial connections between women’s hidden history and how women navigate our current-day climate of rising misogyny. She also writes about feminism, grief, trauma and recovery - and her own experiences as an ultra-runner. In this episode Elle and Rachel cover a sprawling map of topics, from Rachel’s research and writing about women’s history in sports and outdoors adventure, to how women navigate public spaces - now and then, the constantly changing shape of misogyny and how women weigh being safe against being free. We also talk about Rachel’s own running career, and how immersion in nature can carry you through grief and trauma, and much, much more. EPISODE LINKS Rachel’s website Small Revolutions, Every Day Family Fortunes by Leonore Davidoff, Catherine Hall CONTACT US Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected]

Parents, teachers and youth workers of all kinds are warily watching how the internet, smartphones and social media is impacting adolescence, and there is no question that we are in uncharted territory - especially as it pertains to boys and young men. Michael Conroy has spent his career working in personal development and well-being programs for boys and young men in secondary school in the UK, and has had a front row seat to the enormous changes the world-wide web has brought to bear on the developing minds and social lives of boys and young men - in particular, the pornification of the internet and culture more broadly and the rise of the manosphere and related misogyny. In 2021, feeling like existing programs were not up to the task of supporting and safeguarding the healthy development of boys, Michael founded Men At Work, an innovative training program using dialogue to develop and equip boys and young men with critical thinking skills, sharper curiosity and discernment, as well as greater capacity for empathy and other pro-social modes. In this wide-ranging conversation Michael talks to Elle about the art of fostering a positive vision for boys and young men, what should and shouldn’t be feared about the big bad internet, Andrew Tate and incels, what the Netflix series Adolescence told us and what it missed, what feminism has got to do with it, and why raising healthy young men matters to all of us. EPISODE LINKS Men At Work CONTACT US Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected] CREDITS Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

Conversation and debate regarding transgenderism and gender ideology has been effectively forbidden and shut down for many years, and people who have dared to raise concerns have been hounded and punished in all sorts of ways. Like many outspoken feminists, Laura Lecuona was cancelled and attacked in her native country of Mexico for daring to ask questions about concepts such as ‘born in the wrong body’ and ‘gender affirming care’. In this episode Elle talks with Laura about her new book Gender Identity: Lies And Dangers; about what sparked the transgender movement, how gender ideology became such a pervasive social phenomenon, what exactly it entails for boys and men and girls and women who become trans identified, as well as the impact of this movement on women and women’s rights. We also discuss why radical feminists in particular have been sounding the alarm and mounting such an opposition to gender ideology, and why there is such an authoritarian prohibition against debate. EPISODE LINKS Gender Identify: Lies And Dangers by Laura Lecuona The Transexual Empire by Janice Raymond The Creation of Patriarchy by Gerda Lerner The Second Sex by Simone De Beauvoir CONTACT US Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower email us at [email protected] CREDITS Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

Like a detective trying to establish a motive for the crime, Aurora Linnea digs deep into our cultural history and Man’s destruction of the living world to find the root causes of what she calls “the world-destroying violence of male dominion”. In her phenomenally beautiful investigation, the book Man Against Being: Body Horror and The Death of Life, Aurora Linnea comes up with a very coherent - and illuminating - set of theories about why and how Man constructed the patriarchal doctrine that so brutally subjugates all living creatures in the service of masculine world-making. In this hour we talk about man’s fear of death and life, the fear-to-domination pipeline, women as the eternal scapegoat, man’s revenge against a biology he cannot escape, the unending disaster of splitting the world into warring halves (think female/male, body/mind, nature/science), and how necessary it is that we end male dominion and return to a reintegration of body and mind and living earth. CONTACT US Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] CREDITS Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

What drives societies to turn on women in their midst - with accusations, branding, persecution and often violence and death - in the name of witchcraft? Witch hunting occupied a dark chapter in European and early American history, but variations of this brutal phenomena lives on in many parts of the world today. Guest on today’s episode, multidisciplinary feminist research scholar Govind Kelkar, wrote a book called Witch Hunts: Culture, Patriarchy and Structural Transformation and in this hour we talk about Govind’s research into modern-day witch hunts in India and around the world - the surprising factors that drive it, how it unfolds in communities, why women are targeted, and what the practice tells us about men, women, and different kinds of power and powerlessness. Episode Links GenDev Center for Research and Innovation Contact Subject To Power Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] Credits Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

The world rushes to meet the ever-expanding sexual appetites of men - and then we collectively call it “men’s needs” and agree that “men’s needs” must be met. All forms of prostitution and pornography, online and in real life, offer a bottomless menu of sexual experiences, fetishes, and boundary-crossing pursuits. Technology works overtime to invent novel ways to achieve male orgasm and indulge men in what they might fancy next. And nowhere is this busy business of realizing men’s sexual fantasies more obvious than in the sex doll business. Guest on this episode, Caitlin Roper, is an activist, writer and Campaigns Manager at Collective Shout, a global grassroots campaigning movement against the objectification of women and sexualization of girls in media, advertising and popular culture. Caitlin’s writing has been featured in The Guardian, Huffington Post, and many other publications and in 2022 she came out with her book Sex Dolls, Robots and Woman Hating. In this hour we talk about all of what Caitlin discovered when researching the whole world of sex dolls - the manufacturing, the marketing, the men who buy and use the sex dolls, and the many real-life impacts on women, girls and boys. On the sympathy-inducing ways in which sex dolls are marketed, how they are offered as a cure for lonely men, suggesting that a silicone replica of a woman provides the human connection that these men lack, Caitlin says, “What sex dolls do, is they actually get in the way of any kind of intimacy and real connection, genuine human relationships because they keep the user alone. They're penetrating a doll, but there's no connection because again, they're alone. They're masturbating into an object.” Episode Links Collective Shout Sex Dolls, Robots and Woman Hating Contact Subject To Power Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] Credits Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

Prostitution cannot be contained in one small corner of the culture. Once we accept and endorse the sale of women for men’s sexual use and abuse, the ideas and practices of prostitution bleeds into all layers of society. Germany shows us how. In 2002, Germany gave state-sanctioned approval to the sex-trade and made prostitution a legal and legitimate industry in cities and towns across the land. Researcher, writer and public speaker Elly Arrow tracks and reports on all aspects of prostitution in her homeland of Germany and around the world - and in this hour, Elly talks to Elle about what it was like to come of age as a young woman in a pro-prostitution culture, how it has affected relationships between men and women in her country, and how the normalization of prostitution has bled into other sectors - housing, employment, labor, children’s rights, local and national politics, immigration, policing and more. We also talk about the debate that is now being had in Germany about whether to adopt the Equality Model, whether to try to rein in the 20-year prostitution industry that has exploded across the landscape - or to continue being “Europe’s brothel”. Episode Links Elly Arrow on YouTube Elly Arrow Blog Red Light Exposé The Invisible Men - Germany Contact Subject To Power Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] Credits Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

As a woman, you can roll along with the assumption that your body belongs to you and you alone. That you are an autonomous human being like everyone else. But then your fertility, your baby-making capacity comes into view and suddenly you are subjected to powers far outside yourself. Guest on this episode, UK journalist and author of The Positive Birth Book, Give Birth Like A Feminist and My Period, Milli Hill, has reported on and written about this complicated zone, the zone where woman meets “system”, and the power struggle that often takes place between you as an autonomous woman with inherent rights - and the powers that be. In this hour we talk about the much-contested world of childbearing and Milli’s writing and activism to empower women and girls to reclaim their self-determination. But also how Milli, mid-career, has found herself under attack by gender ideologists and how she is now documenting the ideological capture and implosion of her own former community - women’s organizations in the areas of menstruation, breastfeeding, pregnancy, antenatal care, and birth - that once were exclusively for women and girls, but are that no longer. Episode Links Milli Hill’s website Milli Hill’s Substack Contact Us Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] Credits Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

What makes a good human? We receive prescriptions for virtuous morality from all manner of religions, philosophies, and intellectual traditions - but is human morality something that is taught and learned? Guest on today’s episode, researcher and author Darcia Narvaez, does not think human morality has much to do with principles, or guidelines we’re taught, or lessons we learn. Rather - that human morality is built - from a complex, interwoven, physical, neurobiological, sociocultural process that begins in our mother’s womb and continues throughout our life. A process that developed out of humanity’s millions-year-old evolution of child-rearing practices that made us the connected, cooperative, socially intelligent species we actually are - underneath the last few thousand years of trauma. As a young academic, Darcia, driven by an intense feeling that there is something wrong with the way humans treat each other, turned to the study of human morality. In her years of research she took a multi-disciplinary approach to find answers, incorporating evolutionary biology, anthropology, developmental psychology, animal sciences, neuro-sciences. Along the way, she published dozens of academic articles and twenty books, among them one titled Neurobiology and the Development of Human Morality: Evolution, Culture and Wisdom. Also, synthesizing her discoveries about what humans actually need to thrive, Darcia developed a new framework called The Evolved Nest, a blueprint of real-life practices that produce human beings with healthy, connected moralities. In this hour Elle talks to Darcia about The Evolved Nest, about her research into human morality, how humanity got so lost, and how to cultivate and build back our species-normal compassionate nature. Episode Links The Evolved Nest Darcia Narvaez, PhD Neurobiology and the Development of Human Morality: Evolution, Culture and Wisdom Contact Us Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] Credits Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

As new wars emerge across the world, wars that ended decades ago are still destroying the societies that waged them. Guest on today’s episode, Olivera Simić, came of age in the intrastate war that broke apart her country of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, and has spent her life researching, documenting, bearing witness to, and articulating the uncontainable trauma that continue to ripple through her homeland 30 years later. In her autobiography Surviving Peace, Olivera writes about how those experiences shaped her life, and in the newly published Lola’s War: Rape Without Punishment, as well as a number of academic articles, Olivera draws on twenty plus years of in-depth conversation and documentation of the experiences of victims, perpetrators and everyone in between - from all sides of the war. In this hour we talk about the long-term impact of war, particularly on women, in her home country of Bosnia Herzegovina, as well as the limits of institutions - law, medicine, social welfare, education - to remedy the horrific crimes and atrocious violence committed by neighbor against neighbor, countryman against countrywoman. Episode Links Olivera’s website: https://oliverasimic.com/ Contact Us Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] Credits Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

The institution of prostitution has received a re-branding in recent times, appropriating terms from labor and the corporate world such as “sex work”, “full-service”, “clients”, “sex workers” “doing bookings” arranged by “managers” - presumably in order to de-stigmatize women who sell sex, to make the practice safer for sex sellers, and to make the sex industry mainstream. But has the nature of the practice - of men buying women for sexual use - really changed? In this episode, Elle talks to author and activist Andrea Heinz, who spent time in the sex industry in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, where prostitution is regulated under the Equality Model, where the city of Edmonton issues licenses for brothels, and where the “sex work is work” model is fully embraced. In this hour we talk about what Andrea learned through her experiences in prostitution and how it changed her, about her awakening and exit, and how she is now channeling those years of trauma into speaking and writing about the realities of working in the sex industry. We discuss the belief systems underpinning the “sex work is work” creed and try to answer questions like - if sex is a service that women provide to men, then what is sex for women? What are the actual risks and impacts of having unwanted sex with many strange men all day, every day? Has the “sex work” makeover de-stigmatized sex sellers as promised and made prostitution safer? Episode Links: Red Light Exposé When Men Buy Sex: Who Really Pays? CEASE Edmonton John School Andrea Heinz’s academic paper A Mule For The Patriarchy Contact Us Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] Credits Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness

In the midst of The Enlightenment, when men in the West hailed reason and rationalism, and aspired towards lofty ideals such as liberty, equality and religious tolerance - another darker social phenomenon was taking place. Over a period of more than 200 years, thousands of women (and some men) across Europe were thrown in jail, tortured, hanged and burned - accused and tried for witchcraft. In this episode Elle talks to Marianne Hester, a world-leading researcher in gender-based violence, with expertise in domestic and sexual abuse and violence, coercive control, sexual exploitation, and forced marriage. In her book Lewd Women and Wicked Witches, Marianne looks at male violence and domination through a historical lens, locating the “witch hunts” - the violent persecution of women - in a period of massive restructuring of society, within which a male-female conflict over resources and power was raging. In this hour we talk about how and why women became targets of the “witch craze”, what the “witch hunts” accomplished for the patriarchs, and how those historical events shaped the gendered ideology we still live with today. Episode Links: Marianne Hester Journal of Gender-Based Violence Lewd Women and Wicked Witches Contact Us Website: https://www.subjecttopower.com/ Instagram: @subject2power X: @SubjectToPower Email us at [email protected] Credits Host: Elle Kamihira Produced by Elle Kamihira Audio Engineering by Jason Sheesley at Abridged Audio Cover Art by Bee Johnson Music by Beware of Darkness