Shirtloads of Science

Entropy comes from the Greek word for transformation. It is often used to describe the irreversible evening-out of stuff. In astronomy it is often called "the Heat death of the Universe". Entropy originated with the centuries-old laws of thermodynamics. So how is Entropy holding up? Dr Karl and professor Geraint Lewis put it to the test. http://www.geraintflewis.com http://drkarl.com

2020 is a milestone in space travel. The International Space Station received astronauts from a privately owned mission. So how do the USA's shuttle, Russia's Soyuz and Musk's Dragon stack up ? Doctor Karl and Professor Geraint Lewis review the modern history of human space flight. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/ http://drkarl.com

Ninety years ago we first measured the rate of our expanding Universe. Today our accuracy is better but the new techniques are producing different numbers. Are there gremlins in our measurements or is it the Universe travelling in unexpected ways ? Dr Karl and Prof Geraint Lewis discuss this huge question. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/ http://drkarl.com

First observed in 2007, FRBs are becoming a very useful astronomical tool. In 2020, flashes were analysed and suggested an answer to that age-old question about the Universe. Most of it is unobserved - so where is it hiding ? Dr Karl and Prof Lewis take a walk through the FRBs and Magnetars, the new phenomena making headlines . Drkarl.com https://theconversation.com/half-the-matter-in-the-universe-was-missing-we-found-it-hiding-in-the-cosmos-138569

What does "proving" a theory really mean ? Is there a difference between Scientifically proving or proving it Mathematically ? Dr Karl and Prof Geraint Lewis discuss the meanings of these ideas and how they are applied today. From pandemics to climate change, we depend on solid science - so how do you tell if something has been proved? http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/ http://drkarl.com

Solar PV Panels have transformed our energy mix in the 21st century. Efficiency is up and costs and carbon emissions are lower. What next ? Imagine a solar film that squeezes 10% more out of the sun ? Professor Anita Ho-Baillie walks Dr Karl through solar PV and this phenomenal new approach. Barely 10 years in development, is there a Perovskite Solar efficiency race already ?

They're Cosmic ... but are they Rays ? Dr Karl gets the briefing from a recent University of Sydney astrophysics graduate, Dr Jessica Bloom. Cosmic Rays were found ages ago and still baffling us with more questions. Dr Jessica and Dr Karl go to the ends of the earth on this cosmic quest. https://drkarl.com/ https://www.facebook.com/astrokitten/photos/

Lockdowns are a rational first response to a pandemic but what happens while we wait for a vaccine or treatment to be developed ? Dr Karl joins Prof Holmes in Part 3 of this series looking at Covid-19 tests. What is the difference between them ? Professor of Virology, Eddie Holmes also explains how our immune system fights a virus and why this one has been so hard to beat - so far. @EdwardCHolmes https://drkarl.com/ Note: episode recorded in late May 2020 using data available at the time

Pandemics are complex so we rely on statistics to manage them. So how come the numbers vary so much around the world? Dr Karl asks Virology Professor Holmes why and also discovers which local factors also affect Covid-19 statistics. Australia's secret national chook stockpile is revealed and Professor Holmes estimates the rubbery-ness of some well known figures. Note: episode recorded in late May 2020 using data available at the time. @EdwardCHolmes https://drkarl.com/

Virology and evolutionary biologist Professor Eddie Holmes takes Dr Karl time travelling to visit a deadly virus. Many of today's treatments took thousands of years to develop. Smallpox proved to be a tough virus to manage but it also taught us how to fight back. From skin scratching to cows, the American Civil War, Baltic mummies and DNA - Science finally stopped smallpox in its tracks. @EdwardCHolmes https://drkarl.com/ Note: episode recorded in late May 2020 using data available at the time

A-Prof Alice Motion explores the chemistry and properties of the 29th element for Dr Karl. This persistent contact killer is amazingly passive (nothing else is needed). We've known of its benefits for thousands of years and yet chrome, plastics and stainless steel prevail in our healthcare facilities. @all_isee @_breakinggood https://drkarl.com/

Dr Simon Murphy explains to Dr Karl the extraordinary behaviour of a star in the early stages of life. Observed only recently, it widens our understanding of new stars. https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2020/03/10/astronomy-new-type-of-pulsating-star-discovered.html http://drkarl.com

We can't see the Great Attractor but we've measured its presence. We're falling into Virgo and Virgo can't resist its force. Is Dark Energy involved? What is the "zone of avoidance"? Professor Geraint Lewis helps Dr Karl with his homework. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/ http://drkarl.com

Dr Karl & Prof G. Lewis discuss the gaps and guesses that string together our understanding of the Cosmos. So what happens if we find a mistake in one of Einstein's predictions ? It's one of the discussion points in Geraint Lewis' latest book written with Luke Barnes. https://www.booktopia.com.au/the-cosmic-revolutionary-s-handbook-luke-a-barnes/book/9781108486705.html drkarl.comhttp://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/

It's part two of the Neutron star exploration with Professor G. Lewis. He takes Dr Karl layer by layer down to the core. Things are so squashed in there that quantum physics takes over. Escape from the lockdown inside a star where things go subatomic. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/

What happens when you squeeze a star ? Dr Karl gets inside one with Professor G. Lewis. They travel from the subatomic level up with the latest on Neutron Stars. Trigger Warning - Quarks and Bosons are mentioned . It's part one with more from the Neutrons next time. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/

To study the stars, look to the ocean. Water ebbs and flows under the influence of gravity. Astronomers see tides in moons, stars and around black holes. Dr Karl talks with two astrophysicists who recently measured a bulging star with earth-like tides.

A perfect poo has metrics. Dr Clare and Dr Karl describe the best solid expressions. Length, thickness, mass and diet. What makes the perfect poop ? https://theconversation.com/had-constipation-here-are-4-things-to-help-treat-it-123364

Seventy-five percent can be described by Einstein. The remainder? It drove Albert to question his work till his dying day. Dr Karl and Dr Lewis discuss evidence for the missing theory . http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/

They're back ! Dr Karl on why carbon dioxide is so insidious in the atmosphere. Dr Alice Motion on the best Instagrams yet of our sun and Dr Jessica Bloom on the rise of bio-robots. The original shirtloads gangsters are in the lab.

American climatologist Michael Mann drew a chart back in 1999 . It's called "The Hockey Stick Graph" because of the way it shoots up. There was no new information in it and it drew on agreed international temperature data. Like Charles Darwin, Dr Mann dared to publish. His "hockey stick" still makes him a target for fossil fuel lobbyists. So what happens when a scientist is taken on by powerful interests ? Dr Karl asks him about the experience.

One star, observed in outback Australia, may hold new clues to dark matter and black holes. It's a milky way neighbour but moving very fast. Prof Geraint Lewis takes Dr Karl on his quest for answers. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/

The Young Australian of the Year Award recognises 16- to 30-year-old Australians. It rewards their achievements and contributions. Dr Karl meets Corey Tutt, the NSW winner for 2020. Corey has already made an extraordinary difference with his Deadly Science initiative.

The Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990. It is named after the American astronomer who found our universe was expanding. Ninety years on, with much better kit, Hubble's ideas still hold. The question is how fast are we inflating? This is the Hubble tension and Prof Geraint Lewis leads Dr Karl through the deep space discussion. http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gfl/

What is the science behind warning pregnant women to stay away from cat faeces ? It involves a parasite (called "Toxo" for short) that migrates between humans and their cats. The risk to unborn children is real and world renowned expert, Professor Justine Smith, takes Dr Karl through the life cycle from Kitty Litter to the eyeballs.https://www.flinders.edu.au/people/justine.smith

A dietary study in Europe reveals a connection between processed foods (and drinks) and cancers. 8 years of research they tried to eliminate factors such as socioeconomic and diet preferences from the data but the link remains strong. What does it mean for you ? Doctor Karl and Professor Claire Collins discuss. https://theconversation.com/research-check-will-eating-ultra-processed-foods-give-you-cancer-91984

Dr Kyra Sim treats takes Dr Karl through The benefits of exercise - after eating. @kyrasim

We are officially in an interglacial period - between ice ages. Dr Karl talks with Australian Glaciologist Dr Tas van Ommen about the times when Ice sheets were a kilometre thick. What caused them and how long did they last. Understanding our climate history is our best chance for anticipating its earth's future. Recorded in Antarctica

Dr Karl and AI expert Dean Blumenstein from UTS Sydney discuss the application of drones being deployed on Australian beaches. Can deep learning improve on helicopter surveillance ? Could a drone save someone faster than lifeguards ? How safe in are we in the hands of AI ?

Guardian Australia's 2017 bird of the year was the Magpie. They are notorious for swooping and pecking bike riders so why are they so popular ? Dr Karl joins Prof Kaplan in the cradle of bird life. Australia saved the birds and some of the smartest ones are still here. https://www.panmacmillan.com.au/9781760554200/

Dr Nick Fuller investigates the claims behind fasting diets and why today, most of us will end up where we started and feeling Hangry. He and Karl go through a recent study to show how deceptive it can be. It's not willpower that lets us down but something much deeper. There are proven long-term plans - fasting is not one of them. Twitter: @drnickfuller Website: www.intervalweightloss.com.au

Marine Biologist Dr. Daniela Ceccarelli has been studying the Great Barrier reef for around 20 years. She lives and works there and has uncovered some of the complex relationships between seaweed, algae, fish and coral. One of her surprising discoveries involves the humble Damsel fish. Dr Karl talks to her on Magnetic Island about her research and containing the damage that agricultural run-off and sea temperatures are having on reefs.

What controls our sex life ? Dr Amee Baird has a tremendous insight into this. As a clinical neuropsychologist, she has studied many people whose sexual behaviour suddenly changed. It remains a taboo subject for many, and so she has written a book about what she has learned. Dr Karl spoke with Dr Amee Baird in Sydney about her book "Sex in the Brain". https://newcastleneuropsych.com.au/dr-amee-baird/

Dr Bernie probes the Augmented Realities inside Dr Karl's new book. Are the 3D animations impressive ? Do the walking, talking virtual Karls look amazing on her phone ? Is this the new frontier in science publishing ? https://drkarl.com/books/

2019's Australian of the Year Award was most unusual, shared between two extraordinary people - Veterinary Surgeon, Craig Challen and Anaesthetist Richard Harris. They were pivotal in the rescue of a Soccer team trapped in a cave deep in the mountains of Thailand. In this special 50-minute podcast Dr Richard Harris takes Dr Karl through that extraordinary cave rescue during the South-east Asian Monsoon. https://www.penguin.com.au/books/against-all-odds-9781760890957

Dr Alice Gorman is an internationally recognised leader in the emerging field of space archaeology. So how do you create a job like that? It begins with rubbish. Dr Alice takes Dr Karl back to the fundamentals of preservation and how to sort space junk from the keepers. @drspacejunk.

How do you un-boil an egg? A Professor of Chemistry showed what was possible and won an Ig-Nobel Prize. It's all about the structure of proteins and how you fold them.

Firestorms attacked Australia's Capital City in 2003. Four people died. Dr Karl meets Prof Jason Sharples. His analysis has altered the world's understanding of fire. In certain conditions fires jump, dance and then go their own way . https://www.unsw.adfa.edu.au/our-people/associate-professor-jason-sharples https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navier%E2%80%93Stokes_equations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5H1eVy6O3Fo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Canberra_bushfire

The discovery of a planet beyond our solar system was rewarded with a share of the 2019 Nobel Physics Prize. Thousands more exoplanets have since been discovered but is there life out there? Rocket propulsion Scientist Dr Rachel Brachman and astro-chemist Dr Michael Malaska join Dr Karl to scope how and where to start looking for signs of life beyond Earth. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scientist-for-a-day/home/ https://eyes.nasa.gov/ https://projectpanoptes.org/ @WATSONpstar

2019's Nobel Physics prize was shared by three Astrophysicists: Jim Peebles for his Big Bang cosmology plus Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz for their discovery of exoplanets. To discover life out there, we need Astrobiologists. Rocket propulsion Scientist Dr Rachel Brachman and astro-chemist Dr Michael Malaska are turning their talents towards biology and the search for extra-terrestrial life.

Polio, smallpox, measles, whooping cough - the list goes on. Vaccination has saved more human lives than other treatments. Dr David gives Dr Karl the facts on our biggest medical miracle - training our immune system to fight deadly invaders.

Dr Karl embraces Sand Talk. The first Australians have been exchanging complex concepts this way for 60,000 years. Climate Change and the nature of Time can both be discussed (in Sand Talk).Tyson Yunkaporta and Dr Karl share traditional wisdom and science. https://www.bookdepository.com/Sand-Talk-How-Indigenous-Thinking-Can-Save-World-Tyson-Yunkaporta/9781925773996

July 2019 marked 50 years since the Apollo moon landing. Days later, Chris Kraft, a visionary behind Mission Control and Nasa's first flight director died aged 95. Dr Karl talks with Matt Abbott - a flight director for 40 shuttle missions. Matt worked on the ISS Robotic arm and is now fine-tuning mission control for the upcoming Orion missions - returning to the moon and beyond. @Aquarius_Flight

Silicosis is a deadly lung condition. It is an occupational disease traditionally associated with stone masons and miners. Today new generations are at risk. From workers on infrastructure to home handy-persons cutting concrete, fine particles of silica can be inhaled without the right protection. Kate Cole tells Dr Karl how to stay safe.

Digging big holes is dangerous work. Silicosis is a cumulative and sometimes fatal disease resulting from breathing in certain types of dust from broken rocks. Kate Cole is Occupational Health and Hygiene Manager for the new Sydney Metro. She talks with Dr Karl about the history and science of dust diseases.

Romans used Red Dog sacrifices but could not stop it. Decades ago Science slowed the red fungi with new strains of cereal crops. Food security is back in the headlines and the battle is not over according to Professor Robert Park. Winds continue to spread deadly spores that kill the wheat crops we rely on. [email protected]

Dr Karl and Dr Sim work through a Diet that balances the needs of farmers, ecologists and your body to find a natural balance. The diet (published in the Lancet) is meant to challenge us towards a sustainable and healthy future.

Dr Karl talks with University of Sydney researcher Marilena Demayo about the complex process of identifying and unravelling autism. @MMDeMayo

Research is showing that "Happy" meals are real. Not only do you feel better at the dinner table, those feelings are long lasting. Also you can amplify the good effects by how you dine. Spoiler Alert - fast food is not the answer. http://healthyeatingquiz.com.au/

How to make Graphene at home, how to visualise a Black Hole and the accidental Car Key immobiliser. Doctors Karl, Alice and Jessica with the latest.