Screens of the Stone Age

On this episode we’re joined by Akash Srinivas and Durga Kale of the Chippin’ Away podcast to review Mohenjo Daro (2016), the story of a simple farmboy’s first trip to the big city where he falls in love, discovers his destiny, and saves an entire civilization. Mohenjo Daro was a real city in the Indus Valley, and Akash and Durga help us sift through the real-life archaeological evidence that inspired this film. Listen to Chippin’ Away wherever you listen to podcasts: https://chippinaway.buzzsprout.com/ Follow Chippin’ Away on Twitter and Instagram @chippinawayind View Akash’s research profile: https://sites.google.com/view/akashsrinivas Follow Akash on Twitter @AkashSrinivas91 Find Durga on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/durgakale/ Follow Durga on Twitter and Instagram @kalemighty Read Durga’s Blog: www.kalemighty.com Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Learn more about the Indus Valley Civilization at https://www.harappa.com/ Pineapples as a status symbol: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-53432877 Ancient Harappan DNA: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/rare-ancient-dna-south-asia-reveals-complexities-little-known-civilization-180973053/ We still can’t read Harappan writing: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/why-we-still-cant-read-the-writing-of-the-ancient-indus-civilization What does the representation of horses in Mohenjo Daro have to do with debates about Indian ancestry? https://openthemagazine.com/features/history/hold-your-horses/ Harappan Plumbing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation_of_the_Indus_Valley_civilisation Dales & Raikes (1968). The Mohenjo-Daro Floods: A Rejoinder! American Anthropologist, 70(5), 957-961. https://www.jstor.org/stable/669762 Harappan unicorn seals: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/bce_500back/indusvalley/unicorn/unicorn.html The origin of the unicorn myth on Chippin’ Away: https://chippinaway.buzzsprout.com/974125/4803332-set-in-stone The Immortals of Meluha by Amish Tripathi: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7913305-the-immortals-of-meluha No, Mohenjo Daro was not destroyed by a nuclear explosion: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1qjp4s/if_the_ancient_civilizations_of_mohenjodaro_and/

The Ugly Little Boy (1977) is an adaptation of Isaac Asimov’s touching short story about a Neanderthal child kidnapped across time by unscrupulous scientists. In this episode we talk about chaos theory, the ethics of human research, and the 1970s Canadian film aesthetic. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Watch The Ugly Little Boy on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMJpj5YvyL8 Read the novelization of the short story by Robert Silverberg: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/195450.The_Ugly_Little_Boy Neanderthal blood type: https://www.sciencealert.com/surprise-neanderthal-blood-discovery-hints-at-their-origins-and-downfall How the Rh factor can affect pregnancy: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/the-rh-factor-how-it-can-affect-your-pregnancy American Anthropological Association statement on ethics: https://ethics.americananthro.org/category/statement/ Edward Lorenz and the origin of the “Butterfly Effect”: https://www.technologyreview.com/2011/02/22/196987/when-the-butterfly-effect-took-flight/

We’re venturing into the space age again with Prometheus (2012), the Alien prequel in which an archaeologist couple travels to a distant planet in search of humanity’s creators. Our opinions of this one are mixed, but we can all agree that the influence of the Ancient Astronaut hypothesis on popular culture is uniformly bad. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Scotland was completely covered in in Glaciers during the Ice Age: https://www.nature.scot/landforms-and-geology/scotlands-rocks-landforms-and-soils/landforms/ice-age-landforms/ice-age It’s Probably (Not) Aliens: https://solo.to/probsnotaliens Prometheus in Greek Mythology: https://www.greekmythology.com/Titans/Prometheus/prometheus.html King Pakal’s sarcophagus lid: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Janaab%CA%BC_Pakal#Iconography_of_Pakal’s_sarcophagus_lid Pseudoarchaeology and the racism behind Ancient Aliens: https://hyperallergic.com/470795/pseudoarchaeology-and-the-racism-behind-ancient-aliens/ Assassin’s Creed: Unity can’t actually help rebuild Notre-Dame: https://www.polygon.com/features/22790314/assassins-creed-unity-notre-dame-restoration-accuracy Invisible Women by Caroline Criado Perez: https://carolinecriadoperez.com/book/invisible-women/ The Xenomorph life cycle in Alien was inspired by real-life parasitoid wasps: http://www.sci-news.com/biology/dolichogenidea-xenomorph-alien-like-lifecycle-06142.html Does toxoplasmosis make you love your cat more? https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-cats-responsible-for-ldquo-cat-ladies-rdquo/

On this episode, Predrag (Pedja) Radović joins us as we travel back to l’Âge de Pierre in the French movie RRRrrrr!!! (2004), a comedy in which cavemen use shampoo and investigate the world’s first murder. We wish we understood French better because we probably missed a lot of good puns in the translation. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Gerard Depardieu claims to have killed two lions: https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/12/13/gerard-depardieu-shot-and_n_6319362.html Sima de los Huesos, the Pit of Bones: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-sima-hominins-an-ancient-human-cold-case Rouffignac Cave Paintings: https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/france/rouffignac/index.php The Red Lady of Paviland Cave: https://www.bradshawfoundation.com/british_isles_prehistory_archive/red_lady_paviland/index.php Flickering fire light may have “animated” Palaeolithic cave paintings: https://nautil.us/early-humans-made-animated-art-1750/ An “animated” ancient goat from a bowl discovered in Iran: https://theheritagetrust.wordpress.com/2012/07/25/worlds-oldest-animation/ Palaeolithic thaumatropes: https://rockartblog.blogspot.com/2019/04/prehistoric-animation-paleolithic.html Pedja and Josh have written about Paradolichopithecus, an extinct monkey from Europe: https://theconversation.com/monkey-fossils-found-in-serbia-offer-clues-about-life-in-a-warmer-world-millions-of-years-ago-125420 Mangalitsa – Hungarian Woolly Pig: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pseRWj9TDj4 Daniel Fisher suggests Palaeolithic humans may have preserved meat in ponds: https://youtu.be/dJ69uhCxB1Q?t=751

We were so preoccupied with whether or not we could we didn’t stop to think if we should! On this episode we’re joined by Dr. Elsa Panciroli to discuss Steven Spielberg’s classic Jurassic Park (1993), even though it has nothing to do with the Stone Age. We all agree it is a perfect movie and possibly the best of all time, but we’re still going to criticize its scientific accuracy, because that’s what we do here. Follow Elsa on Twitter: https://twitter.com/gsciencelady and Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/elsapanciroli/ Read Elsa’s Books: Beasts Before Us: The Untold Story of Mammal Origins and Evolution (2021) https://www.bloomsbury.com/ca/beasts-before-us-9781472983978/ The Earth: A Biography of Life (2022) https://www.nhbs.com/the-earth-a-biography-of-life-book Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: The oldest DNA found so far: https://www.science.org/content/article/mammoth-molars-yield-oldest-dna-ever-sequenced Animals that can change sex: https://www.treehugger.com/animals-can-change-their-sex-4869361 How old is amber? https://nammu.com/eng/how-old-is-amber/ Docodonta – Mesozoic mammals: https://fossil.fandom.com/wiki/Docodonta 3D-printed mummy voicebox: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O66mc-bDeXU Thagomizer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thagomizer Herbivores aren’t friendly: https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/HerbivoresAreFriendly Inaccurate dinosaurs in Jurassic Park: https://screenrant.com/jurassic-park-completely-wrong-about-dinosaurs/ Jurassic Park’s Velociraptors were actually based on Deinonychus: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/you-say-velociraptor-i-say-deinonychus-33789870/ Raptor Red (1996) by a guy named Bakker: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/7633/raptor-red-by-robert-t-bakker/9780553575613

Happy Anniversary! This episode marks one full year of SotSA, so to celebrate we’re reviewing Encino Woman (1996), the made-for-TV sequel to our favourite movie, Encino Man. It’s really not fair to compare the two, but this movie has its own message and it does its best to tell it. Or maybe it’s just the 90s nostalgia… Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Watch a VHS recording of this movie on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAAAWSvjRfA Archaeological woven sandals: https://www.sapiens.org/column/curiosities/ancient-shoes/ Mousterian bowls make their return! http://www.propbay.com/original/mousterian-bowl-encino-man-1992-movie-prop-5413.html The history of perspective in art: http://www.classicalart.org/blog/a-brief-history-of-perspective Lucy, the Australopithecus: https://iho.asu.edu/about/lucys-story Breccia: https://geology.com/rocks/breccia.shtml Riviere and Wheeler (2005) Cementum on Smilodon sabers: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.20199 Antón et al. (2022) Concealed weapons: A revised reconstruction of the facial anatomy and life appearance of the sabre-toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Felidae, Machairodontinae): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107471

On this episode we’re joined by Dr. Matt Tocheri to discuss The Cannibal in the Jungle (2015), an Animal Planet mockumentary which blurs the line between fact and fiction. The (fictional) story centres around a team of ornithologists who were attacked by a group of Homo floresiensis (the so-called “hobbits”), which happen to be Matt’s area of expertise. We discuss hominin evolution, biogeography, and the boundaries between entertainment and misinformation. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Watch the director’s cut here: https://www.simongeorgedirector.com/amerikan-kanibal Homo Floresiensis and the myth of the ebu gogo: https://aeon.co/ideas/investigating-homo-floresiensis-and-the-myth-of-the-ebu-gogo Between Ape and Human: An Anthropologist on the Trail of a Hidden Hominoid By Gregory Forth: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Between-Ape-and-Human/Gregory-Forth/9781639361434 Ghostwatch (1992) BBC Halloween special: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQfMTktMZLQ Wolf Creek (2005): https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0416315/ The Flores Scops Owl: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores_scops_owl What is the Wallace Line? https://www.thoughtco.com/the-wallace-line-1224711 Evans et al. (2020). Mitogenomics of macaques (Macaca) across Wallace’s Line in the context of modern human dispersals. Journal of Human Evolution, 146, 102852: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102852 Teixeira et al. (2021). Widespread Denisovan ancestry in Island Southeast Asia but no evidence of substantial super-archaic hominin admixture. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5 (5), 616-624: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01408-0

Neander-Jin: Return of the Neanderthal Man (2011) is an obscure and inexplicable “romantic comedy” about a Neanderthal who somehow travels trough time and falls in love with a young professional woman, but ultimately becomes corrupted by commercialism and fame. What do Japanese culture, German Unity Day, and gummy bears have to do with Neanderthals? Nothing, but yet they are all in this movie for some reason. Don’t worry, Josh has lost his movie-choosing privileges for at least three episodes. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: If our synopsis sounds unbelievable, you can watch this movie for yourself on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUmIkr9wijQ Neanderthals had larger brains than modern humans: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/neanderthal-brains-bigger-not-necessarily-better The Neanderthal Museum: https://www.neanderthal.de/en/home.html Neandertal (Neander Valley) is a place in Germany: https://www.nrw-tourism.com/neander-valley The Neander Valley is named after Joachim Neander: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Neander

Regular listeners know how much we love bigfoot, so we’re very excited to be reviewing Harry and the Hendersons (1987), the story of a family of hunters who accidentally befriend a sasquatch and have to protect him from an obsessed cryptozoologist (and the rest of human society as well). What will it take to scientifically prove bigfoot exists? Probably more than we can ethically afford, but at least we can enjoy movies about it! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Bigfoot hunter Jacques LaFleur is loosely based on Swiss-Canadian bigfoot researcher Rene Dahinden: http://lorencoleman.com/archives/rene-dahinden/ Rene Dahinden was briefly the spokesperson for Kokanee Beer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29SoakYhHNA John Green, Canadian Sasquatch researcher (pdf): https://www.isu.edu/media/libraries/rhi/essays/Green_Tribute_revised.pdf John Green’s exhaustive Bigfoot sighting database: https://github.com/jameskbride/sasquatch-data-json Fahrenbach (1998) Sasquatch Dimensions and Traits. Cryptozoology 13, 47-75: http://www.bigfoot411.com/uploads/2/6/9/7/26977415/bf411-physiology-1998-fahrenbach_wolf-size-scaling-statistics.pdf Scientist Grover Krantz risked it all… chasing bigfoot: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/scientist-grover-krantz-risked-it-all-chasing-bigfoot-180970676/ The truth behind “Birds aren’t Real”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK1dXuMEpT0 Is it legal to kill bigfoot? https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/87148/it-legal-shoot-bigfoot Gregory Forth (2022) Between Ape and Human: An Anthropologist on the Trail of a Hidden Hominoid: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Between-Ape-and-Human/Gregory-Forth/9781639361434 Mike Morwood (2009) A New Human: The Startling Discovery and Strange Story of the “Hobbits” of Flores, Indonesia https://www.routledge.com/A-New-Human-The-Startling-Discovery-and-Strange-Story-of-the-Hobbits/Morwood-Oosterzee/p/book/9781598744149 Can humans hybridize with other apes? https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/is-it-possible-for-humans-and-chimpanzees-to-interbreed/ Allen et al. (2020). A mitochondrial genetic divergence proxy predicts the reproductive compatibility of mammalian hybrids. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 287(1928), 20200690. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2020.0690

This week we’re taking a look at King Kong (2005), Peter Jackson’s epic three-hour remake of the 1933 classic. We talk about the biology and evolution of island ecosystems, but we should have had a physicist guest host this episode because this movie can’t seem to help breaking the laws of physics! Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Apes are monkeys – deal with it: https://paoloviscardi.com/2011/04/21/apes-are-monkeys-deal-with-it/ Monkeys travelled to South America by raft: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/monkeys-raft-across-atlantic-twice-180974637/ Insular Dwarfism – the “Island Rule”: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/219453/islands-give-rise-evolutionary-giants-dwarfs/ Human “hobbit” species, Homo floresiensis and Homo luzonensis: https://www.livescience.com/mysterious-hobbits-human-lineage-identity.html The North American House Hippo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TijcoS8qHIE Gigantopithecus, the largest ape that ever lived: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/160106-science-evolution-apes-giant How big can mammals get? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHe1wmEaYWo King Kong defies physics: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-king-kong-should-have-been-blue-whale-180962603/ The Square-Cube Law: https://sketchplanations.com/the-square-cube-law American missionary killed by indigenous people of the Andaman Islands: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-46313965 Giant Wētā, the largest living insect: https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/invertebrates/weta/ Why aren’t there giant insects today? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l79FuGuk1qE

Today we’re reviewing The Land That Time Forgot (1974), the story of a WWI submarine crew who gets stranded on a mysterious island populated by dinosaurs and prehistoric people. It takes itself seriously enough to wax philosophical about war and human nature, but it was also featured on Mystery Science Theatre 3000, so its profundity might have been undercut somewhat by its bad dinosaur puppets. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: The Simpsons character Troy McClure was based on Doug McClure – https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/49169/retrobituaries-doug-mcclure-and-troy-donahue-two-halves-troy-mcclure Neanderthals wore talons and feathers as jewelry – https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2015.17095 Is the Loch Ness Monster a Plesiosaur? – https://theconversation.com/have-scientists-finally-killed-off-the-loch-ness-monster-123075 Ogopogo, Canada’s lake monster – https://www.tourismkelowna.com/blog/post/the-legend-the-spirit-the-creature-the-history-of-ogopogo/ Pareidolia – why we see faces in everyday objects – https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140730-why-do-we-see-faces-in-objects Why does everything taste like chicken? – https://www.smh.com.au/world/why-does-everything-taste-like-chicken-20120921-26akl.html Changing representation of dinosaurs in film – https://jurassicparkterror.net/changing-view-of-dinosaurs/

We’re on a stop-motion dinosaurs kick! The Valley of Gwangi can best be described as Jurassic Park with cowboys. Neither are really the focus of this podcast, and while the movie hinted at human and mammal evolution, those topics were never spoken of again once the dinosaurs showed up. I guess the takeaway is that we should have been dinosaur paleontologists. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Jurassic Park drew inspiration from Gwangi – http://www.rebeatmag.com/fantasia-obscura-why-you-havent-seen-the-1966-film-that-inspired-jurassic-park/ Eohippus and the evolution of the horse – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse New research divides Tyrannosaurus rex into three species – https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-propose-that-the-t-rex-was-actually-three-different-species-180979663/ Moa genetics – https://www.seeker.com/animals/reconstructed-moa-genome-may-move-the-meaty-bird-closer-to-de-extinction Tyrannosaur Chronicles by Dave Hone – https://www.bloomsbury.com/ca/tyrannosaur-chronicles-9781472911285/ Horse diving was a real thing – https://horseyhooves.com/horse-diving/ The death of a horse in the cowboy film Jesse James led to the Humane Society slogan “no animals were harmed” https://www.cbr.com/movie-legends-revealed-how-a-horse-falling-off-a-cliff-led-to-no-animals-were-harmed/

Caveman is a story about a caveman starring Ringo Starr. Actually, “story” is a bit of a stretch – like many classic caveman movies we’ve reviewed, it’s about a caveman who is banished from his group, and then a bunch of random things happen, and then he returns. But at least it has some fun stop-motion dinosaur animations! Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Starr got his big break as the drummer for a 1960s boy band, but you’d probably recognize him best as the narrator of Thomas the Tank Engine https://ttte.fandom.com/wiki/Ringo_Starr The Chewits Muncher: https://youtu.be/bg92hFmIDuc Ringo Starr met his wife Barbara Bach on the set of Caveman: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2epvgjoo1Ws Catching Fire: How Cooking Made us Human by Richard Wrangham: basicbooks.com/titles/richard-wrangham/catching-fire/9780465020416/ Early use of fire at Koobi Fora, Kenya: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248419301411 The Divje Babe “Flute”: https://www.divje-babe.si/en/the-neanderthal-flute/ Neanderthals made glue from birch tar: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50131120 The West Tofts Acheulean Handaxe features a shell fossil: https://digventures.com/2020/06/amazing-artefacts-250000-year-old-hand-axe-knapped-around-a-shell/ The Ica Stones: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJtIm4jgAFQ Gideon Mantel and the reconstruction of Iguanodon: http://scihi.org/gideon-mantell/ The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs by Steve Brusatte https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-dinosaurs-steve-brusatte?variant=32117226536994

Today we’re reviewing The Croods, the story of a Neanderthal family led by a paranoid patriarch whose authority is threatened by an innovative young modern human. Despite the star-studded cast, Ross may never forgive us for making him watch this one. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Whale phylogeny: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.012 Chang and Eng Bunker, the original conjoined twins: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_and_Eng_Bunker Neanderthal control of fire: https://www.bbcearth.com/news/did-neanderthals-learn-to-make-fire-before-homo-sapiens Neanderthal art: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/neanderthal-art-discovery/ Why aren’t there any blue or green mammals? https://www.newscientist.com/lastword/mg25033370-800-why-are-there-no-green-mammals/ Four-winged dinosaur: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28295571 Neanderthal footprints at Theopetra, Greece: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_10 Was hookworm responsible for the “dumb hillbilly” stereotype? https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/how-a-worm-gave-the-south-a-bad-name/ Guinea worm has almost been eradicated: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00385-z The Hygiene Hypothesis of allergies: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2249.2010.04139.x

We’re diving into the classics for this episode! One Million Years B.C. is recognizable for two things: Ray Harryhausen’s groundbreaking dinosaur animations, and Raquel Welch’s fur bikini. What’s not to like? Well, everything except for those two things, as it turns out. Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Seriously, check out this Allosaurus scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6x8Okrzo4n8 Sima de los Huesos – the Pit of Bones: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-sima-hominins-an-ancient-human-cold-case Could Roger Patterson have used a costume from this movie to fake his famous bigfoot footage? http://cryptomundo.com/cryptozoo-news/pgbf-1mbc/ Roger Patterson drew a bigfoot with breasts a year before the famous footage #PGhoax don’t @ me: https://medium.com/@christharp/the-problem-with-patty-8911b13d1cbe Cowgirls vs. Pterodactyls (2021): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OA6sJQrqFoA Stone age twin burial with mammoth scapulae (shoulder blades): https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stone-age-twins-discovere/

What do you get when you cross Wallace and Gromit, 10,000BC, and The Mighty Ducks? Early Man is the story of a bumbling tribe of Stone Age cavemen who challenge the Bronze Age to a football (soccer) match to save their village. This movie is drenched in references to both football and British culture, and considering this is a nerdy science podcast we mostly understand the latter! Get in touch with us! Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Difference between geological time periods and cultural ages: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_time_periods#General_periods The Beaker People: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/research/directory/beaker-people Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World#Background A discussion about colour (Radiolab did it better): https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/episodes/211119-colors Lumpers and Splitters: https://xkcd.com/2518/ Prof. Yoel Rak locked out of his office over archaeology drama: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/MAGAZINE-a-bitter-archaeological-battle-is-rocking-tel-aviv-university-1.10443893 The history of football: https://www.footballhistory.org/ Ba game – medieval Scottish football: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_game Ancient Mesoamerican ballcourts: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aay6964 Pelota – student video game: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-aW_gc6xe4 Archaeology of the Olympics: https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/09/health/when-the-games-began-olympic-archaeology.html

There’s no other way to say it: this is the worst movie we’ve reviewed so far. If you’ve seen it, you probably know what we’re talking about, and if not, buckle in for a rant. 10,000 BC is the boring story of a caveman with no personality who needs to rescue a cavewoman with no personality from anachronistic slave traders building the pyramids with the help of domesticated mammoths. If that sounds stupid, it gets even worse: in this episode, we talk ancient aliens, hyperdiffusionism, and the racism underlying archaeological conspiracy theories. Get in touch with us! Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: B.C., A.D., B.C.E., C.E., or B.P.?!? Phorusrhacids (Terror birds) don’t belong in this movie: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorusrhacidae The last mammoths survived until 4000 years ago on Wrangel Island: https://sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191007081750.htm Atlantis never existed: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/where-is-the-lost-city-of-atlantis-and-does-it-even-exist Atlantis: The Antediluvian World by Ignatius Donnelly: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantis:_The_Antediluvian_World Chariots of the Gods(?) by Erich von Daniken: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariots_of_the_Gods Fingerprints of the Gods by Graham Hancock: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprints_of_the_Gods Pseudoarchaeology and racism: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/pseudoarchaeology-racism/

We have a special holiday episode today! Rare Exports is the crazy story of an illicit archaeological excavation which unearths the frozen remains of Santa Claus, who then goes on a murderous rampage in search of naughty children. To be honest, it’s not really about archaeology at all, but the Venn diagram of stone age movies and Christmas movies basically only overlaps at this one and a Flintstones Christmas special, and I think we made the right choice. Get in touch with us! Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Joulupukki, the Finnish Santa Claus tradition: https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20171221-does-santa-claus-come-from-finland Other scary Christmas traditions: https://www.ctvnews.ca/lifestyle/scary-christmas-a-look-at-the-world-s-most-unusual-creepy-and-odd-holiday-traditions-1.4726583 Philippa Langley helped to discover the remains of King Richard III in a Leicester car park: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/08/philippa-langley-richard-third-car-park Hunting mammoth ivory in Siberia: https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2016/sep/01/mining-woolly-mammoths-ivory-siberia-amos-chapple-in-pictures Dinosaur 13 (2014), documentary about the ownership of Sue the Tyrannosaurus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZywsT8Sy-c The Hobby Lobby antiquities smuggling controversy: https://www.npr.org/2018/06/28/623537440/hobby-lobbys-illegal-antiquities-shed-light-on-a-lost-looted-ancient-city-in-ira The Dinosaur Artist: Obsession, Betrayal, and the Quest for Earth’s Ultimate Trophy by Paige Williams: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/38743554-the-dinosaur-artist

On today’s episode we are reviewing Alpha (2018), the story of a lost Solutrean boy who befriends and domesticates a wolf, with TWO special guests! Dr. April Nowell studies the origins of art and language and the archaeology of childhood. Dr. Grant Zazula is the palaeontologist for the Government of Yukon, and he was the palaeontology consultant on Alpha! He takes us behind the scenes as we dissect the real-life inspirations behind the language, artifacts, landscapes, and of course ice-age mammals in this beautiful movie. Check out April’s new book, Growing Up in the Ice Age: https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/growing-up-in-the-ice-age.html April is giving a talk on Thursday January 13, 2022 at 9:00 PT / 17:00 GMT as part of the University of Liverpool Evolutionary Anthropology Webinar Series: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/archaeology-classics-and-egyptology/events/evo-anth/ Check out Grant’s work with the Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre https://www.beringia.com/ Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Christine Schreyer on the construction of fictional languages in film: https://news.ubc.ca/2018/08/23/ubc-linguist-creates-language-for-hollywood-film-alpha/ CBC under fire for documentary promoting the Solutrean Hypothesis: https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/cbc-under-fire-for-documentary-that-says-first-humans-to-colonize-new-world-sailed-from-europe Archaeology of the Night: Life After Dark in the Ancient World, edited by Nancy Gonlin and April Nowell: https://upcolorado.com/university-press-of-colorado/item/3227-archaeology-of-the-night Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump in Alberta: https://headsmashedin.ca/ Winnipeg professor teachers how to survive falling through the ice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gOW8ZaYqHA&list=PLqCtDryCZFOqhQ-05Nwy9tLrFMsZI3KPh Mammoth bone houses: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/60-mammoths-house-russia-180974426/ Painted pebbles from Mas d’Azil, France: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azilian Borneo hand stencil cave paintings: https://theconversation.com/borneo-cave-discovery-is-the-worlds-oldest-rock-art-in-southeast-asia-106252 The domestication of dogs: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2264329-humans-may-have-domesticated-dogs-by-accident-by-sharing-excess-meat/ “Alpha wolves” don’t exist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ti86veZBjU Check out Ross’s book: The Missing Lynx: The Past and Future of Britain’s Lost mammals: https://www.bloomsbury.com/ca/missing-lynx-9781472957351/

In this episode we discover that we’d all secretly rather be squatchin’! Missing Link is the story of a Victorian naturalist who “discovers” Bigfoot when he receives a letter from the mythological ape-man himself asking for his help. We’re so excited to talk sasquatches that I’m a little worried this episode will mark our gradual transition to full-time cryptozoology podcast. Ross has even published a scientific paper on yeti DNA! (Before you get too excited, it turns out it was a bear). Get in touch with us! Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Edwards & Barnett (2015). Himalayan ‘yeti’ DNA: Polar bear or DNA degradation? A comment on ‘Genetic analysis of hair samples attributed to yeti’ by Sykes et al.(2014). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1800), 20141712. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1712 Sykes et al. (2014). Genetic analysis of hair samples attributed to yeti, bigfoot and other anomalous primates. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1789), 20140161. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0161 Melba Ketchum’s Sasquatch Genome Project: http://www.sasquatchgenomeproject.org/ Thomas Henry Huxley was the most quotable Victorian-era naturalist: https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/17171.Thomas_Henry_Huxley The surprisingly recent discovery of the gorilla (by Europeans): https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01883-3 Scientific names for mythological species: https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/taxonomania-an-incomplete-catalog-of-invented-species/ Josh on naming the new human species, Homo bodoensis in The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/whats-in-a-name-when-it-comes-to-human-fossils-its-complicated-171569s Ross on Sabre-toothed cat DNA in The Daily Mail: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8844201/Sabre-toothed-cats-deadly-long-distance-hunters-attacked-packs.html Kim on the evolution of the human spine: https://www.sfu.ca/sfunews/stories/2020/03/your-back-pain-may-be-due-to-evolution-and-spine-shape.html

We’re out of our element in this one. Year One is the story of two cavemen who bumble their way through the Book of Genesis. None of us are biblical archaeologists, but we try our best! It’s ostensibly a comedy, but you wouldn’t know from watching it. Get in touch with us! Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Lilith, Adam’s first wife: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lilith-Jewish-folklore Bacula: https://www.etsy.com/ca/market/baculum_jewelry The Icelandic Phallological Museum: https://phallus.is/en/ The Necromancer pants aren’t real; they’re a replica: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1br%C3%B3k Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal by Christopher Moore: https://www.chrismoore.com/books/lamb/ Behold the Man by Michael Moorcock: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/60146.Behold_the_Man Ancient Greek Helmets: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flsn5AUtn0s Bunch et al. (2021) A Tunguska sized airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam a Middle Bronze Age city in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea. Sci Rep 11, 18632. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97778-3 Mark Boslough’s criticism of Bunch et al. on Twitter: https://twitter.com/markboslough/status/1440097126856282113 Roman brothel infanticide: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-14401305

Happy Halloween! In this episode of Screams of the Bone Age, we’re joined by special guest Marta Borovčanin to discuss The Descent (2005), a horror movie about a group of explorers who get trapped in a cave and stalked by prehistoric monsters. We talk about our scariest experiences working in caves, and speculate on the possibility of human monsters evolving in caves (Spoiler alert: it probably wouldn’t happen!). Hear more from Marta on the (Re)Akcionizam podcast (in Serbian) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVaFN-auNPY&list=PL5HreT9u25eTsWySkExukD1lnTjYZ-gbX&index=1 Get in touch with us! Facebook: @SotSAPodcast https://www.facebook.com/SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: [email protected] In this episode: Tasmajdan Cave, Belgrade: https://balkaninsight.com/2016/04/13/ta%C5%A1majdan-cave-potential-tourist-hotspot-03-17-2016/ Archaeology at Mala Balanica Cave, Serbia: https://popular-archaeology.com/article/the-road-through-sicevo/ The Hike to Šuplja Dupka Cave, Serbia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EY_DdSJUtxc Exploring Šuplja Dupka Cave: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7EmoylPljo Why do cave animals evolve blindness? https://phys.org/news/2017-04-cave-animals.html Upper Palaeolithic cave paintings: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/dec/12/humans-were-not-centre-stage-ancient-cave-art-painting-lascaux-chauvet-altamira Survey of cave art in the Central Balkans: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330117290_Ruiz-Redondo_A_Mihailovic_D_Kuhn_S_L_2018_First_results_of_rock_art_survey_in_Central_Balkans_Analysis_of_the_graphic_remains_of_Selacka_3_Serbia_In_Floss_H_Pastoors_A_eds_Palaeolithic_rock_and_cave_a Human echolocation: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/learning-how-to-be-a-human-bat/ Phosphorescent glow worms: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/16/science/glow-worms-new-zealand.html

We’re getting into the spooky season with a scary movie! The Neanderthal Man is a classic ‘50s monster movie about a mad scientist who creates a serum to turn back evolution and transforms himself into a primitive beast. Actually, it’s not very scary to modern day viewers. It’s not remotely scientifically accurate either. Also, the acting is pretty bad. Still, we had a lot of fun watching it! In this episode: Watch The Neanderthal Man on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6HHl2PqMfs  A discussion of the phylogeny of big cats https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf Don’t call them sabre-toothed tigers! They’re called sabre-toothed cats! How do phylogenetic trees work? https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/reading-a-phylogenetic-tree-the-meaning-of-41956/ The Human Advantage: A New Understanding of How Our Brain Became Remarkable By Suzana Herculano-Houzel https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/human-advantage Beverly Garland was replaced by a different actress mid-scene https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1jamApOUHc Carbon Dating https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-is-radiocarbon-dating-and-how-does-it-work-9690 The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson https://www.gutenberg.org/files/43/43-h/43-h.htm

It’s a madhouse! A MADHOUSE! In this episode we review Planet of the Apes, the 1968 sci-fi classic in which an astronaut finds himself stranded on a backwards planet where apes rule over humans. For such a silly concept, this movie has some thoughtful things to say about human nature that are sadly as relevant today was they were half a century ago. Oh, and spoiler alert: you’re not going to believe the twist ending! In this episode: We spend probably too long trying to figure out how time works. Pro-tip: you can skip that part by travelling close to the speed of light. Charlton Heston was a better actor in Wayne’s World 2 Jane Goodall’s chimpanzees’ names https://janegoodall.ca/our-stories/famous-chimps-of-gombe/ Tim Burton’s 2001 remake wasn’t great

We watched it; we can’t unwatch it! In this episode we review four episodes of Futurama, an animated series about a pizza delivery boy who accidentally gets cryogenically frozen and wakes up in the year 3000. What does the future have to do with the stone age? There’s only one way to find out! So grab a can of Slurm and a bowl of Bachelor chow and settle in for this Anthology of Interest! In this episode: Greyfriar’s Bobby: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyfriars_Bobby Repatriation of the Kabwe skull: https://www.sapiens.org/biology/repatriation-kabwe-skull/ Comedian James Acaster on the absurdity of the British Empire: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x73PkUvArJY The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot: https://goodreads.com/book/show/6493208-the-immortal-life-of-henrietta-lacks The Piltdown Hoax: https://www.livescience.com/56327-piltdown-man-hoax.html How to pronounce “Neanderthal”: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/is-it-neander-tal-or-neander-thal Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe by Dale Guthrie: https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo3774765.html

It had to be done eventually, so we’ve done it! In this episode we meet the Flintstones, a modern stone-age family from the town of Bedrock. Does this movie get the facts right? No, of course it doesn’t. But does it matter? It has dinosaurs! In this episode: ♪ Simpsons! ♪ Meet the Simps- I mean, Flintstones! SAA public perceptions of archaeology study (Archaeologists don’t dig up dinosaurs!): https://www.saa.org/education-outreach/public-outreach/public-perceptions-studies How old is the Grand Canyon?: https://www.canyontours.com/guides/how-old-is-grand-canyon/ “Peking Man” – Homo erectus from Zhoukoudian Cave, China: https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/zhoukoudian The Bone Wars: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Wars Brontosaurus is back! https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-brontosaurus-is-back1/ Mary Anning: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/mary-anning-unsung-hero.html Do we live longer today than people in the past? https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181002-how-long-did-ancient-people-live-life-span-versus-longevity Cranium D3444 from Dmanisi, Georgia, is missing almost all of its teeth: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.20379 The Vasquez Rocks: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasquez_Rocks

Today we’re joined by Prof. Mirjana Roksandic to discuss The Clan of the Cave Bear, a story about a modern human adopted by a clan of Neanderthals. Author Jean Auel did a commendable amount of research for her book series, but scientific paradigms change fast in palaeoanthropology. How does the movie hold up 35 years later? Let’s find out! (Note: this episode contains a brief discussion of scenes depicting sexual violence) In this episode: Genetics of skin and hair colour: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2016.0349 Cave Bear cults: https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-cult-of-the-cave-bear/ The Shanidar 1 Neanderthal burial, Iraq: https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/shanidar-1 Clan of the Cave Bear and Feminism: https://slate.com/culture/2014/05/clan-of-the-cave-bear-and-feminism-dystopian-precedent-to-the-hunger-games.html Human hybridization: Neanderthal mother, Denisovan Father: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06004-0

In this episode we’re joined by Dr. Advait Jukar to discuss the 2002 classic Ice Age, the story of three unlikely Pleistocene mammals who team up to rescue a non-adult Homo sapiens, and in the process discover the value of family. If you like Cenozoic mammalian taxonomy, then you’re going to love this episode! Find Advait on Twitter @amjukar and at https://advaitjukar.weebly.com/ In this episode: We geek out over the scientific names of prehistoric mammals, including: Wooly Mammoth – Mammuthus primigenius: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolly_mammoth Sabre-toothed cat – Smilodon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smilodon Scimitar cat – Homotherium: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotherium Ground Sloth – Megalonyx (Bonus – where are sloths’ nipples?): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalonyx Long-nosed llama – Macraucheniidae: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrauchenia Glyptodont (giant armadillo relative) – Dædicurus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doedicurus Ancient proboscidean – Moeritherium (It’s not a tapir!): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeritherium Not actually a rhinoceros – Megacerops: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacerops Not actually Bigfoot – Gigantopithecus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantopithecus Dodos don’t get enough credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo Scrat was real all along! Pseudotherium argentinus: http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/pseudotherium-argentinus-07533.html We also discuss: Burrows dug by giant ground sloths: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/get-lost-in-mega-tunnels-dug-by-south-american-megafauna GABI – Great American Biotic Interchange: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Interchange People – what a bunch of bastards! https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-happened-worlds-most-enormous-animals-180964255/

Deja Vu! We’re reviewing Iceman again, but it turns out it’s a totally different movie. This one tells the story of the final days of Ötzi, a neolithic mummy found frozen in the Ötztal Alps in 1991. Compared to the fictional stories we’ve reviewed previously, this one has a lot of real-life archaeological data to work with. Do the filmmakers get the facts right? And more importantly, does the true(ish) story translate into an entertaining movie? Listen and find out! (Spoiler alert: Ötzi dies in the end!) In this episode: All the dialog is spoken in the Rhaetic language, with no subtitles: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaetic Ötzi’s remains are kept at the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, Italy: https://www.iceman.it/en/the-iceman/ Brad Pitt has an Ötzi Tattoo: https://tattoos.lovetoknow.com/Brad_Pitt_Tattoos On the misidentification and unreliable context of the new “human teeth” from Fuyan Cave (China): https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102961118 We were wrong! Animal-human nursing is a thing! https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/animalia/wp/2016/02/25/why-goats-used-to-breastfeed-human-babies/ Archaeological baby bottles: https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/baby-bottles-1.5296792 MacGuffins: https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/MacGuffin

In our third episode, we’re reviewing the movie Iceman from 1984. Haven’t heard of it? Neither had we, but it’s about a Neanderthal who was frozen in ice and thawed out in the 20th Century, just like Encino Man. Unlike Encino Man, however, they don’t take him to high school – they debate the ethics of murdering him for science purposes! Does this movie hold up? Well, it’s a window into the 80s for sure. In this episode: Ross watches the wrong movie. Mammoth mastodonus is not a real taxon Mammoth mummies: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/history-of-geology/mammoth-mummies-mysteries/ Eating frozen mammoth meat: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/12/permafrozen-dinner/604069/ The Dragon Behind the Glass by Emily Voigt: https://www.amazon.ca/Dragon-Behind-Glass-Obsession-Coveted/dp/1451678959 The myth of the “Noble Savage”: https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-myth-of-the-noble-savage-55316 Fire-hardened wooden spears from Schöningen, Germany: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248415002080

In our second episode we’re reviewing Encino Man (aka California Man), the story of two unpopular teenagers from Encino, California, who dig up a frozen caveman and, naturally, take him to high school. Is this the best caveman movie of all time? Spoiler alert: yes it is. In this episode: We fawn over Brendan Fraser and Pauly Shore. Sean Astin is in the movie too. Mousterian bowls: http://www.propbay.com/original/mousterian-bowl-encino-man-1992-movie-prop-5413.html Why don’t we call them “Cro-Magnon anymore?”: https://www.thoughtco.com/we-dont-call-them-cro-magnon-170738 Did Neanderthals use chemical methods to start fires? https://www.nature.com/articles/srep22159 Discussions about the La Brea Tar Pits: https://tarpits.org/ It’s just called a “pull-down chart” Human taxonomy and species concepts are confusing: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/377663

It’s our first episode! To kick things off, we’re reviewing William (2019), a story about a teenaged Neanderthal clone being raised by his ethically-dubious scientist parents in the 21st Century Pacific Northwest. Spoilers ahead! In this episode: The Ugly Little Boy by Isaac Asimov, Robert Silverberg: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/195450.The_Ugly_Little_Boy Dolly the Sheep: https://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/the-life-of-dolly/index.html Scientist seeks ‘adventurous woman’ to have Neanderthal baby: https://www.foxnews.com/science/scientist-seeks-adventurous-woman-to-have-neanderthal-baby High-pitched Neanderthal voice – BBC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o589CAu73UM 3-D Printing Gives Voice to a 3,000-Year-Old Mummy: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3-d-printing-gives-voice-to-a-3-000-year-old-mummy/ Green et al. (2010) A Draft sequence of the Neanderthal Genome: https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1188021 Screens of the Stone Age is supported by the Palaeoanthropological Society of Canada