Science, Spoken

Azi Tourkamani is eight months pregnant and working 12-hour shifts at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Syracuse, New York. She’s a resident doctor in internal medicine. Most days she has so many patients she doesn’t have time to stop and eat lunch; she eats as she walks from floor to floor treating patients. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

They call it the Mighty Mug-and the idea is that it isn't easily knocked over. Of course, you can tip just about anything over if you try hard enough. But really, how does this work? Let me be clear: I haven't actually played with a Mighty Mug-so most of this is just physics-based speculation. It seems the key component of this mug is some type of suction cup on the bottom. When you put the cup down, a rubber seal forms with a smooth table surface. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Few tropes in modern America are as enduring as the LSD Trip Gone Far Too Long. It should all be over after a few hours, right? OK maybe not. Eight? Ten? Probably should have cleared more of my calendar. Even though science has long had an intimate relationship with LSD-chemist Albert Hofmann first synthesized it way back in the '30s-why the drug insists on producing such lengthy hallucinations hasn't been so clear. Until now. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Alireza Edraki spends weekends in the lab. It’s what he does. For the past three years, test tubes full of bacteria have been his constant companions. Not this weekend. “I’m so stressed out that I can’t work,” he says. Edraki is a third-year PhD candidate at the University of Massachusetts’ medical school in Worcester. You know Crispr/CAS-9, the gene-editing technology that’s in all the headlines lately? That’s what Edraki works on. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

For many, it's the start of a new semester of physics labs. That means there are new students in that introductory course. Of course, no one is really 100 percent ready to start these labs-but that's OK. Here are three big ideas that I find students need to work on to be successful in lab. Converting Units This is a pretty easy problem to fix, but I think I should go over it. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Every day, 22 people in America die while waiting for an organ transplant. But when scientists can grow replacement livers or kidneys or pancreases inside of animal hosts, medicine’s organ shortage may end. That’s the hope anyway—and this week there’s more reason to hope than ever that it might become reality. The key to producing human organs in other animals is the chimera, a mixture of cells from more than one species growing together as a single animal. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

“I’m dying of Boredom,” complains the young wife, Yelena, in Chekhov’s 1897 play Uncle Vanya. “I don’t know what to do.” Of course, if Yelena were around today, we know how she’d alleviate her boredom: She’d pull out her smartphone and find something diverting, like BuzzFeed or Twitter or Clash of Clans. If you have a planet’s worth of entertainment in your pocket, it’s easy to stave off ennui. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

The late Nora Ephron famously felt badly about her neck, but that's minor compared to how people feel about their reading. We think everyone else reads faster than we do, that we should be able to speed up, and that it would be a huge advantage if we could. You could read as much as a book critic for the New York Times. You could finish Infinite Jest. You could read all of Wikipedia. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

During his campaign for president, Donald Trump promised to end action on climate change and kill the climate treaty adopted in 2015 in Paris. To truly understand why that’s such a big deal—perhaps the biggest deal ever—you need to think about a few things. Yes, you need to think about the oft-repeated but nonetheless true and alarming statistics: 2014 was the hottest year ever recorded till 2015 snatched the crown—till 2016 obliterated the record. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Robots are coming to take your jog. Or, at least, your walk. Each spring in your step costs your body calories. Robotic assistants could help ease fatigue for people who earn their living on their feet—or who have been hobbled by disease. But many robotic exoskeletons are so bulky that they actually cause wearers more fatigue. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Why would you throw a washing machine? Who knows. Maybe that machine lost your socks. Maybe you have something against washing machines. You could have any number of reasons. But here it is-a washing machine throwing contest, and even a world record distance for washing machine throws. (4.13 meters, Zydrunas Savickas.) But when I see something like this, I just wonder how hard it would be to throw. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Over the past several months, scientists working in Antarctica have been watching—with a mixture of professional fascination and personal horror—a fissure growing in the continent’s fourth-largest ice shelf. Since last November, the crack has lengthened by some 90 miles. It has 13 miles more before it rends completely, and a chunk of ice the size of Delaware goes bobbing into the Weddell Sea. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

This is one of my jobs. When there is something that happens, I have to do an analysis-the internetneeds me. In this case, it's a hit between Draymond Green and LeBron James. Was it a hit, or did LeBron flop? I'm not the judge, I'm just going to present evidence. Collisions When an object interacts with another object (with zero external forces), this is called a collision. Here are some important physics ideas about collisions. When two objects collide, there is a force. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

At four in the morning, Tim Caro roused his colleagues. Bleary-eyed and grumbling, they followed him to the edge of the village, where the beasts were hiding. He sat them down in chairs, and after letting their eyes adjust for a minute, he asked them if they saw anything. And if so, would they please point where? Not real beasts. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

As part of WIRED’s exclusive look at Breaking2, Nike’s revolutionary attempt to break the two-hour marathon mark, our writer is using the same training regime, apparel, and expertise as Nike’s three elite athletes to try to achieve his own personal milestone: a sub-90-minute half-marathon. This is the first in a series of monthly updates on his progress. Running is a simple sport: lace ’em up, and put one foot in front of the other. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

It's the start of a new semester, so I think now is a good time to talk about the nature of science. As a physics faculty member, I teach all sorts of classes. Some of those classes are for chemistry and physics majors and some classes are for non-science majors. Whatever class you teach, though, I think it's important to bring up a discussion of the nature of science. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

It started with a thumb into my eye socket as he tried to gouge out my eye. When he bit into my ear, the adrenaline flooding my veins masked the pain; I would not even realize my ear was gone till after the fight. Twenty years ago, in that dimly lit alley in Kent, Washington, as I walked into a ring of teenage onlookers to face off, my heart was pounding so hard my chest hurt. My vision narrowed—I could only see faces—and I felt sick in my gut. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Unlike many of her colleagues at NASA, Ellen Stofan never wanted to be an astronaut. She saw her first rocket launch at age four. It didn’t go well. Stofan,who recently left her position as the space agency’s chief scientist, dimly recollects traveling from Ohio to Cape Canaveral to watch the fifth flight of the uncrewed Atlas-Centaur launch system, a project of her NASA engineer father‘s. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

One of the most common topics covered in a high school physics class is simple machines. An I think the compound pulley is the coolest simple machine. Let's start with some basic physics. Work-Energy Principle The compound pulley, like all simple machines, uses the work-energy principle. I will skip theexplanation of energy (it's very abstract) and start with this: Don't worry about the change in energy and just look at the definition of work. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

NASA missions come packaged two ways. They’re either deep explorations of the familiar—STEREO’s focus on the sun, the International Space Station’s study of what microgravity does to the human body—or a trip to some crazy place no one has ever seen before. But still, any strange, distant object the agency targets will likely hold some clue about the origins of life. Humans are spacefaring narcissists that way. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Billions of years ago, an unknown object sent a seriously bright burst of radio waves into space. They traveled across the universe, past galaxies and clouds of gas and who knows what else. And in 2012, the burst arrived at the Arecibo radio telescope when astronomers happened to be watching. They kept searching that same spot in the sky. In 2015, they found 16 additional flashes. Then, in August and September 2016, nine more appeared. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

California is having a notably wet winter. Since October, a succession of weather systems has greened the Golden State’s valleys, whitened its mountains, and washed its rivers and reservoirs in rippling blue-green. The state is currently between storms. The one that just ended was cold. It dropped snow as low as 2,500 feet in California’s highlands. The successor storm, expected to hit on Saturday, will be warmer—forecasters are calling for snow levels to rise up to 9,000 feet. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

If your resolution for the coming year is to spend less time on your commute scrolling through Twitter or playing “Puzzler on the Roof,” there’s no shortage of fantastic and fantastical new books you can use to take a break from mindless screen time. Curating this year’s new arrivals was tough, but we managed to narrow the list down to our top-ten favorites. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

It's been a long timesince I've skied. Of course, the fun is in going down the mountain, not going up. But you have to go up to get down, so what's the best way of doing that in terms of energy and power? Let's examinea few options inan excellent example of physics in action. I can't believe I just said that-it sounds like it's straight out of a middle school textbook. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Monday is shipping day at MatTek. A truck pulls up to its red brick lab outside of Boston to load box after box, all kept at a cool 39 degrees. The precious, perishable cargo is human skin—thousands of dime-sized pieces in plastic dishes that add up, altogether, to about two whole adult humans’ worth. Every week. It’s not harvested from people, though. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

2016 is coming to a close so know it's time to look back on the volcanic action of the year. Take a moment and vote for your top 3 volcanoes that you think deserve the honor of Volcanic Event of the Year - the coveted Pliny Award. If you need some refreshers, check of the Atlantic's review of some cool eruptions, browse through the Global Volcanism Program's Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports or flip back through the posts here on Eruptions. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Maybe 2016 wasn’t your year. Buck up, at least your $60 million dollar rocket bearing a $200 million dollar payload didn’t explode on the launchpad. Or, perhaps your year was great. Again, some perspective: Did you land four rockets on ocean barges after inserting satellites into orbit around the Earth? No? Neither? Then lay off the superlatives, because SpaceX probably had both a better, and worse, 2016 than you. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Randy is 62 years old and stands tall at six foot one. He grew up on a farm in Glasford, Illinois, in the 1950s. Randy was raised with the strong discipline of a farming family. From the time he was five, he would get out of bed at dawn, and before breakfast he’d put on his boots and jeans to milk cows, lift hay, and clean the chicken coops. Day in and out, no matter the weather or how he felt, Randy did his physically demanding chores. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

This should be an officially labeled time of the year. I suggest we call it Maker Time-it's that time after kids get out of school, but before all of the holiday festivities begin. This is the perfect time for kids (and adults) to make something. This is what I tell my own children (I probably heard it from someone else). Don't just be a consumer, be a creator (or the rhyming version-be a maker, not a taker). Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Something was wrong with the Jackson Pollock. For one thing, 3-D images from a stereomicroscope revealed that the signature was traced with a needle—forged. And, working with a hyper-precise Raman microscope, a tool capable of analyzing sample areas as small as a thousandth of a millimeter across, Jamie Martin identified the presence of Red 170, a pigment that wasn’t widely available until decades after Pollock’s death. Yep. The painting was a fake. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Of course I'm not the first to look at the physics in Super Mario Bros-there was this interesting paper looking at the optimal jump to get to the highest point on the flag at the end of the level. There is also a nice page looking at the acceleration of jumping Mario in the different games. Good stuff. But there's a new game out-Super Mario Run on iOS and Android. This is a great chance to take another look at the physics of Mario. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

This post is Chad Orzel's fault. It started with this tweet: Hey, @rjallain , is this consistent with your regression analysis of the Lego brick cost a while back? pic.twitter.com/RaTcP07xI1 — Chad Orzel (@orzelc) December 13, 2016 Yes, it's true that I have pondered the price of Lego bricks before, by looking up the cost and number of pieces in various sets. Here is the data, and a link to my original analysis. I arrived at a price of about 10.4 cents per piece. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

You unfurl your yoga mat at home, ready to stretch out into downward dog and take some deep breaths. Just for a second, you look away to grab your water bottle and block. But when you turn around, you find that your pup has already staked her territory on your mat, doing some stretches of her own. If you’re an asana-ing dog person, you’ve probably already figured out a way to tap into your canine’s weird yoga mat affinity. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Basil Al-Reabi was riding home from school in southern Syria, in the fall of 2014, when a roadside bomb struck. The eight-year-old watched as shrapnel shredded his classmates and reduced them to a collection of body parts. As the remnants of the minibus bounced, rolled, and finally came to rest at the foot of a low embankment, three of his limbs were scythed off, his cheeks peppered with shards of blue vehicle paint. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Hurricane Ivan would not die. After traveling across the Atlantic Ocean, it stewed for more than a week in the Caribbean, fluctuating between a Category 3 and 5 storm while battering Jamaica, Cuba, and other vulnerable islands. And as it approached the US Gulf Coast, it stirred up a massive mud slide on the sea floor. The mudslide created leaks in 25 undersea oil wells, snarled the pipelines leading from the wells to a nearby oil platform, and brought the platform down on top of all of it. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Let's look at some volcanic rumblings and eruptions from the last week: Washington Mount St. Helens is keeping up its unsettled 2016, this time with another small earthquake swarm. The USGS detected over 120 earthquakes over the last few days, all occurring 2-4 kilometers (1-2 miles) beneath the volcano and all very small (less than M1). Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Even for a particle physicist, Janet Conrad thinks small. Early in her career, when her peers were fanning out in search of the top quark, now known to be the heaviest elementary particle, she broke ranks to seek out the neutrino, the lightest. In part, she did this to avoid working as part of a large collaboration, demonstrating an independent streak shared by the particles she studies. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

John Glenn, the first American to orbit Earth and, later, the oldest human to leave the planet, died on December 8, 2016. He was 95 years old. In 1962, Glenn became the face of American technological triumph. NASA rocketed him upward in a vessel that looked more like a spotlight bulb than a space capsule, not sure that he would make it back. But they knew they had to try, and that this was the time. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Today, SpaceX announced it expects to begin launching again in early January—just four months after one of its Falcon 9 rockets burst into flames on a Florida launchpad. But the private space company helmed by Elon Musk is still missing one important thing before it leaves Earth: a license from the Federal Aviation Administration. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

The International Space Station is currently home to six intrepid astronauts, one Robonaut, and four 14,000-pound payload-holders called ExPRESS Logistics Carriers. Experiments from Earth like the laser-communicator OPALS fly up to Station and Lego-attach to these carriers, which provide them with a place to stay and, just as importantly, the electrical power and data links they need to do their jobs. But since 2013, scientists sending up payloads have had trouble with the on-orbit utility grid. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Before Steve Bannon was Donald Trump’s campaign advisor, a right-wing media mogul, or a conservative Hollywood documentarian, he helped a group of climate scientists steer a controversial experiment in the Arizona desert back from financial chaos. Twenty-five years ago, a New Agey-experiment called Biosphere 2 set out to recreate life on another planet with eight people locked in a giant glass habitat. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Magnets aren’t miracles, but neither are they a phenomenon that physicists completely understand. Particularly big magnets, like the sun. Until recently, the annals of research failed to completely explain how massive currents blooming on the sun’s surface burst into solar flares, releasing incredible volumes of energy in short time frames. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Last night, the ONEMI (Oficina Nacional de Emergencias) and SERNGEOMIN (Chilean Geological Survey) in Chile raised the alert status for the area around Cerro Hudson in the southern Andes. Normally, raising the alert status like this is due to an acute change, when the behavior of the volcano shifts suddenly. However, this time, the elevation to Yellow alert status at Cerro Hudson is due to accumulated events over the past month. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Kourtney Kardashian hawks its health benefits. Counterfeiters and chemists labor to unlock its molecular secrets. And now it's at the center of an international branding war. It's honey, but not just any honey. It's ManÅ«ka honey, a sweet extravagance from New Zealand that sells for a sticky $2.50 an ounce—six times the cost of conventional honey—and has attracted a slew of famous fans. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Theoretical computer science can be as remote and abstract as pure mathematics, but new research often begins in response to concrete, real-world problems. Such is the case with the work of Cynthia Dwork. Over the course of a distinguished career, Dwork has crafted rigorous solutions to dilemmas that crop up at the messy interface between computing power and human activity. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

I'll be honest. I don't really watchGotham, but it looks interesting. It chroniclesthe events in Batman's city before he became Batman. That's about all I know. However, when I saw a recent commercial for an upcoming episode, I had to do something. I'm not sure what's going on here, but from my research this appears to be Selina Kyle and Bruce Wayne doingsomething with a tightrope. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

You know you’ve struck marketing gold when a brand becomes a so-called “proprietary eponym.” Need to blow your nose? Grab a Kleenex. Track some sand from the beach onto your floor? Hoover it up. In biology, Crispr is the proprietary eponym of the moment. The gene-editing technique is so inexpensive and easy to use that, in just four years, it’s become a ubiquitous tool in labs across the world. And soon, it could jump from bench-top workhorse to human therapeutic. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Sequels rarely live up to the original. And thank goodness for that. Yesterday, a 6.9 earthquake shook the coast of Japan almost exactly where a 9.1 quake hit nearly 6 years ago. Japan is fortified against quakes and tsunamis. But the 2011 quake was so powerful it generated 30 to 60-foot tsunamis, overtopping the island nation's extensive sea walls and shore protections, killing over 15,000, leaving 228,000 homeless, and causing a meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Last week, a Royal New Zealand Air Force flight spotted a new pumice raft in the middle of the Pacific ocean to the west of Tonga. Pumice rafts are floating islands of pumice created during a submarine volcanic eruption and they can persist for months or longer. This raft was seen by aircraft and satellite in an area with no known volcanoes. However, from the looks of the raft, it might be a long way from home. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

November started out pretty normal for the Arctic. The sun had set for the season, temperatures were dropping, ice was growing rapidly. Winter was coming, right on schedule. And then, a few days ago, everything came screeching to a halt. Ice stopped forming. And then it actually started to melt, thanks to a sudden heat wave that blistered the region with temperatures 20 to 30 degrees Fahrenheit above average. For now, the mass of warm air doesn't appear to be going anywhere. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices