Scholars Strategy Network's No Jargon

In the last few years, the United States has seen one horrific mass shooting after another. But despite public outcry and support for gun control legislation, little has changed. In this second episode with Professor Robert Spitzer, he lays out what policies have been implemented federally and in the states and what policies could actually work to reduce gun violence. For more on this Topic: Read Spitzer's SSN brief, The Evidence Shows that "Stand Your Ground" Laws Undermine Law Enforcement and Public Safety Check out his OpEds in the New York Times, The Gun Safety Issue is Actually Helping Democrats and America Used to be Good at Gun Control. What Happened? Find his books, The Politics of Gun Control and Guns across America: Reconciling Gun Rules and Rights

In 2018, the debate about gun rights and gun control was front and center after a tragic school shooting in Florida. But this debate has been raging for a long time in the U.S. In this first part of our interview with Professor Robert Spitzer, he lays out the history of the gun rights and gun control movements and what might change in the coming years. For more on this Topic: Read Spitzer's SSN brief, The Evidence Shows that "Stand Your Ground" Laws Undermine Law Enforcement and Public Safety Check out his OpEds in the New York Times, The Gun Safety Issue is Actually Helping Democrats and America Used to be Good at Gun Control. What Happened? Find his books, The Politics of Gun Control and Guns across America: Reconciling Gun Rules and Rights

Chinese restaurants have become a staple in America, and they're especially popular during the holidays. In this archive episode, Professor Heather Lee tells the story of how a loophole in the Chinese Exclusion Act led to the Chinese restaurant boom in America. Drawing parallels to today, she explains the unintended impacts of the law on the U.S. and China. For More on this Topic: Read articles in The Atlantic and NPR citing Professor Lee on Chinese restaurants in the United States. Check out her 2-page brief, The Untold Story of Chinese Restaurants in America

Babies need diapers. But for 1 in 3 mothers, diapers are just too expensive to always have on hand. And that can leave children and families in a precarious situation. Professor Jennifer Randles lays out the diaper dilemma, how it affects America's families, and what policies can be put in place to help solve the problem. For More on this Topic: Read her memo, Policy Proposal: Reduce Diaper Need Among Families in Poverty Check out her article with Barbara Risman in Psychology Today, Diapers, Depression, and Gender Matter for Social Policy Want to donate to the National Diaper Bank Network? More information here

Access to good housing is key to better health, both now and in the future. So what happens when the youngest and oldest members of our society don't get the housing support they need? First, Professor Andrew Fenelon breaks down how affordable housing can change the lives of children. Next, Professor Jennifer Ailshire outlines the problems unique to the homeless elderly and what needs to change to help this growing population. For More on this Topic: Read the Kaiser Health News' article on Fenelon's research Check out the website for the Greater Los Angeles Homeless CountListen to Episode 142: Nowhere to Live on the challenges of housing assistance programs

Americans of color consistently have worse health outcomes than their white peers. So what's behind this trend? First, Professor Margaret Hicken lays out how black Americans must often prepare themselves in the face of racism and what effects this has on their bodies. Next, Professor Abigail Sewell lays out how police use of force can impact not only the health of individuals, but of entire communities. For More on this Topic: Read The Michigan Daily's article on Hicken's research Check out Hicken's 2-page brief, Measuring the Social Impact of Mass Imprisonment on America's Black and White Families and Communities Find Sewell's website and blog Visit the website for Cornell's Center for the Study of Inequality, which organized the Deep Wounds conference.

After over a year of competition between hundreds of cities and municipalities, Amazon has finally announced the location, or two locations, for its HQ2. But in this archive episode, Professor Nathan Jensen explains how cities and states often lose more than they gain when politicians use tax incentives to bring businesses to town. Read Jensen's SSN brief, Business Location Incentives are Ineffective – So Why Do They Persist in American States and Localities? Check out his book with Professor Edmund Malesky, Incentives to Pander: How Politicians Use Corporate Welfare for Political Gain, or the quick video they made to explain some of their main findings. Find his opinion pieces in The New York Times and The Conversation

On November 6th a historic number of women and women of color were elected to Congress. And that means important changes could be coming to Capitol Hill. Professor Kelly Dittmar dives into the role of congresswomen in Washington DC, how women in the capitol view themselves, and what the election of more women to office means for our country's future. For More on this Topic: Read Dittmar's new book with professors Kira Sanbonmatsu and Susan J. Carroll, A Seat at the Table Check out their CNN OpEd, What Hasn't Changed About Women in Power Since Anita Hill Listen to their interview on the New Books Network

On Tuesday, voters across the country went to the polls in one of the most watched midterm elections in decades. And now the results are in. So what does it all mean? Scholars Didi Kuo and Gabriel Sanchez break down some of the biggest trends from the 2018 midterms, like the Latino vote, what they say about our two political parties, and what we can expect for the future. For more on this topic: Read Kuo's brief, What History Teaches about Reforming U.S. Political Parties and Governance Check out her piece in The American Interest, The Paradox of Party Polarization Listen to Sanchez' previous interview on No Jargon, The Latino Vote

Across the country, states are making abortion less and less accessible. And that means there are many people who seek an abortion but are denied one. So what does that mean for a woman's health and well being? And what impacts does this have on her children? Professor Diana Greene Foster discusses the groundbreaking Turnaway Study she led to answer these questions. Check out Foster's SSN brief, New Evidence about Women's Experience with Abortion - Compared to Carrying Unwanted Pregnancies to Term Visit the website for the Turnaway Study Read the article by Foster and the article by Professor Ushma Upadhyay mentioned in the episode (paywall)

Unemployment is very low and Americans report having strong confidence in the economy. But not everyone is benefitting equally. Professor Harry Holzer digs into why many Americans without a college degree still struggle to find jobs, especially ones that pay well, and what the government can do to help. For more on this topic: Read Holzer's report for Brookings, Jobs for the working class: Raising earnings among non-college graduates Check out his SSN brief, Are Job Training Programs a Good Way to Fight Poverty?

When the US decides whether or not to grant an immigrant a green card, they look at many factors. That includes if they heavily rely on certain government programs to get by. But proposed changes at the federal level means this whole system is about to change. Professor Tiffany Joseph explains these changes and what they mean for immigrants in America. Find the full rule online at the Federal Register, where public comments can be submitted Check out this explainer of the public charge rule change by Vox Read Joseph's SSN brief, How Health Reform Excludes Unauthorized Immigrants – And Why That Needs to Change

College campuses are full of conversations about politics and policy. But many of these college students don't turn out when it actually matters, on Election Day. Nancy Thomas explores what gets students to vote and how college administrators, faculty members, and students can improve voting rates on their campuses. Check out the report co-authored by Thomas, Election Imperatives Read her interview with The Chronicle of Higher Education, Here's How Colleges Can Get More Involved in Elections -- and Not Just the Midterms Visit the website for the Institute for Democracy & Higher Education at Tufts University

Casting a ballot seems as American as apple pie. But in Florida, one in ten people have had their voting rights taken away because of a criminal conviction. Professor Ciara Torres-Spelliscy dives into the history of Florida's voting system, how ex-felons get their rights back, and what Florida voters can do to help.

Thirty states have laws legalizing marijuana in some form, and come November four more states may join their ranks through ballot initiatives. But these new laws often do little to help people who have past marijuana convictions. Professor Douglas Berman describes this disconnect and what states and the federal government can do to address it. For more on this topic: Read Berman's SSN Brief, How States Can Ensure That Today's Marijuana Reforms Also Ameliorate Harms Inflicted on Past Offenders Check out his essay on the topic, Leveraging Marijuana Reform to Enhance Expungement Practices

In face of ongoing threats to its environment, California has taken big steps to protect its nature and wildlife. Professor David Vogel lays out California's history as an environmental leader, how it plans to continue its green streak, and what other states - and the federal government - can learn from California's policy innovation. Read Vogel's SSN Brief, How Environmental Policies Can Promote Economic Growth Check out his book, California Greenin': How the Golden State Became an Environmental Leader Find his LA Times op-ed, The Trump administration wants to end California's role as an environmental innovator and his interview with Bloomberg, Why California Goes Its Own Way on the Environment

The government fights forest fires, protects us from foreign invasion, helps people go to college, and so much more. But Americans' opinions of the government are increasingly negative. Professor Suzanne Mettler dives into why people don't believe the government benefits them, even when it does, and how to bridge this disconnect between the government and the American people. For More on this Topic: Read Mettler's new book, The Government-Citizen Disconnect Check out her OpEd in the New York Times and her interview on Vox Listen to her previous No Jargon episode, Hidden Tax Benefits

It's back to school season and for many children, teachers, and parents across the country school looks very similar. That's because in 2009, the Common Core was introduced, standardizing what K-12 students should know, and be tested on. Professor Nicholas Tampio describes what that means for public education and imagines a different way forward for America's schools. For More on this Topic: Read Tampio's opinion pieces in Aeon and HuffPost Check out his book, Common Core: National Education Standards and the Threat to Democracy Find Jesse H. Rhodes' article on education politics in Perspectives on Politics (paywall)

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young people in America. And black youth in particular face increasing suicide rates and challenges in accessing mental health services. Scholar and advocate Kimya Dennis dives into the background behind these suicide statistics, what prevents black youth from getting help, and how mental health providers can address this disconnect. If you or a loved one are experiencing a mental health crisis, please call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255) any time of day. For More on this Topic: Read Dennis's SSN briefs, Debunking Myths about Mental Illness Among Blacks and The Complexities of Black Youth Suicide Check out her piece for The Conversation, Suicide Isn't Just a White People Thing

An unexpected surgery can cost a worker thousands in medical bills. And in states without paid family and medical leave, they also have to go without a paycheck while recovering. Professors Randy Albelda and Alan Clayton-Matthews explain why paid family and medical leave is important to small businesses, workers, and their families, and how Massachusetts tackled this policy problem with help from their research. Read Clayton-Matthews and Albelda's SSN brief, Why Massachusetts Can Afford to Require Paid Family and Medical Leave for All Workers Check out this Boston Globe article about the Massachusetts policy

Knowledge is power. Or at least that's how the saying goes — but when it comes to climate change and its causes, that knowledge hasn't translated into action. Postdoctoral Fellow Matthew Motta discusses why climate research is often disregarded, where Americans' suspicion of scientists comes from, and how our interest in science affects our trust in scientists. For More on this Topic: Read Motta's SSN brief, How Interest in Science Boosts Trust in Climate Scientists Check out his radio interview on the rise of anti-intellectualism

Having a warm and comfortable home is important for health and well-being. But with rising rent prices and growing inequality, it can be tough – if not impossible – to find a place to live. Professors Rosie Tighe and Megan Hatch explain why the U.S. has such a shortage of affordable housing, how government programs help, and why they often fall short. Read Tighe and Hatch's SSN brief, How Fair Housing Programs Can be Bolstered by Laws Prohibiting Source of Income Discrimination Check out their piece with Joseph Mead in Shelterforce, Section 8 Allowed Find Joseph Mead's New York Times opinion piece on their nuisance ordinance research

Since 9/11, fears about extremism have shaped the public's view of Islam. And American policies often reflect these fears, zeroing in on Muslims and Muslim-Americans in the name of national security. Professor Rachel Gillum explores whether these policies work, why we use them, and how they impact Muslims in America. Read Gillum's SSN brief, Assessing– and Reducing– Public Fear of Muslims Find her book, Muslims in a Post-9/11 America Check out her piece in Talking Points Memo on racism as a national security issue

In April 2018, Senator Kirsten Gillibrand introduced legislation to make basic banking services, like loans and check cashing, available at every branch of the United States Postal Service. Professor Mehrsa Baradaran explains the history of that idea, why postal banking is needed now, and how it can help reduce America's growing inequality. Read Baradaran's books, How the Other Half Banks: Exclusion, Exploitation, and the Threat to Democracy and The Color of Money: Black Banks and the Racial Wealth Gap Check out her OpEd in the Washington Post

A college degree can make a huge difference for parents and their kids. But if you've got an eight-year-old to support and a low-paying job, it's next to impossible to pay for both tuition and childcare. For residents of Maine, a new law will help. Working with Joby Thoyalil of Maine Equal Justice Partners, Professors Luisa DePrez and Lisa Dodson used their research on the benefits of a college education for low-income women to help advance a bill called LIFT 2.0. Read Luisa and Lisa's brief, "Why Higher Education is a Must for Low-Income Mothers" Check out the op-ed they wrote in the Portland Press Herald Learn more about Maine Equal Justice Partners on their website

Lawyers, doctors, engineers, and bankers are among America's most respected professionals, and most are middle-aged white men. So what are the experiences of black men who join their ranks? Adia Harvey Wingfield describes how black men in high-powered professions navigate race and gender in the workplace, and what their experiences say about our changing economy. For More on this Topic: Read Wingfield's brief, Constructive Steps to Further Workplace Diversity Find her book, No More Invisible Man: Race and Gender in Men's Work Check out her Slate article on black men in the field of nursing

Since the Cambridge Analytica scandal broke, Americans have been talking about data: what online information is saved, what we should do with it, and who gets to decide. But these conversations often miss an important piece — government data. Professor Matthew Weber lays out what is currently happening with data collection and why we should actually save more information than we currently do. For More on this Topic: Read about the impossibility of comprehensive digital archives in the Atlantic Check out efforts to preserve federal agency data, featured in Forbes

Everyone needs healthcare. But Americans can't agree on how to fix our troubled healthcare system. Now, the Trump Administration and a number of states are pushing one idea — require people on Medicaid to work. Professor Philip Rocco explains what's behind these new requirements, what they would mean for people on Medicaid, and why they should really be called paperwork requirements. For More on this Topic: Read Rocco's two-page brief, Why Work Requirements Will Not Improve Medicaid

The Trump Administration's zero tolerance policy for migrants produced widespread outrage. Specific policies are in flux, so we asked researchers for the important context to understand what's happening. For this special episode, professors Heide Castañeda and Nara Milanich describe who these migrants are, how zero tolerance policies impact them and their health, and what – if any – historical precedents exist for these policies. For More on this Topic: Check out Nara's 2017 piece in The Washington Post, "Nations have separated children from parents before. It never ends well." Read Heide's brief, "The Downsides of Excluding Millions of Immigrants from Health Reform"

Democracy is under threat. From Venezuela to Turkey, from Hungary to the Philippines, powerful leaders are rewriting their countries norms and laws to secure power at the expense of their citizens. Professor Steven Levitsky tells us how democracies die – and what the outlook is for America. For More on this Topic: Check out Levitsky's book with Daniel Ziblatt, How Democracies Die Read their OpEd on threats to democracy

America is getting more diverse, and that means more children of color are students in our schools. But teachers are still overwhelmingly white, so many of these students rarely see teachers who look like them. Professor Michèle Foster tells the little-known story of why America lost many of its black teachers, what that means for students, and what can be done to change things. For More on this Topic: Read Foster's brief, "Why America Needs More African-American Teachers and How to Recruit and Retain Them" Check out her feature in an episode of Revisionist History on black teachers after Brown v. Board of Education.

There are thousands of civic organizations in America, from big-time lobbying groups to local grassroots organizations, and they all want your time and support. But some organizations are more effective at creating change than others. Professor Ziad Munson explains what kinds of organizations have been most successful in shaping American public life – and why. For More on this Topic: Read Munson's brief, How People Become Pro-life Advocates Check out the original "A Nation of Organizers" article Find Robert Putnam's book, Bowling Alone

Unions used to be a major political force in America. But over the last few decades they have steadily declined, and now a Supreme Court case might deal another severe blow to their strength. Professor Jake Rosenfeld explains what the Supreme Court is deciding on and what it means for the future of organized labor in America. For More on this Topic: Read Rosenfeld's SSN brief "Union Decline and Rising U.S. Wage Inequality" Check out his book, What Unions No Longer Do Find this New York Times opinion piece on the impacts of right-to-work laws

In 1973, the Supreme Court made access to abortions a legal right. Since then, crisis pregnancy centers have popped up across the country to dissuade women from getting abortions. Professor Kimberly Kelly explains the history and organization behind these centers and how their current case before the Supreme Court could shape reproductive rights in America. For More on this Topic: Read Kelly's SSN brief "Why False Claims About A Nonexistent "Post Abortion Syndrome" Influence Access To Abortion In America" Check out her comments about the history of crisis pregnancy centers in The Atlantic

The opioid epidemic is ravaging communities across America and there's no silver bullet to fix it. But communicating to people about risks and steps to prevent addiction is a start. Professor Itzhak Yanovitzky describes how New Jersey uses information to help fight the opioid epidemic and how his research partnership with the state helps to improve these efforts. For More on this Topic: Read this My Central Jersey article about Yanovitzky's latest research Check out the Partnership for a Drug-Free New Jersey website

Following the 2016 election, suburban well-educated women got together in PTA groups, libraries, and coffee shops to organize—some for the first time. Professor Lara Putnam shares insights on how these groups work, what their goals are, and why they have been so effective at mobilizing voters. For More on this Topic: Read Putnam's pieces in the Democracy Journal, Middle America Reboots Democracy with Theda Skocpol and Who Really Won PA18? Check out her article in The American Prospect, Digital Fixes Won't Solve the Democrats' Problems

America—the world's wealthiest country—is home to over 40 million people living under the poverty line. And for many, there is no safety net to fall back on. Professor Joan Maya Mazelis explains how we got here and highlights one innovative organization, run by and for poor people, that builds community among the poor and provides help when the safety net is missing. For More on this Topic: Check out Mazelis' book, Surviving Poverty: Creating Sustainable Ties among the Poor Read her brief, How to Help America's Poor People Build Community and Assist Each Other

The Founding Fathers made sure to put checks in place that would prevent a president from becoming a king. But Professor Larry Jacobs explains that when it comes to foreign policy, the president goes largely unchecked. Next, Professor Frances Lee outlines the ways Congress has rebuked presidential power, even under the current administration. And finally, Professor Keith Whittington takes us to the courts, which have been skeptical of many of President Trump's executive orders. For More on this Topic: Read Jacobs' book, Who Governs? Presidents, Public Opinion, and Manipulation Find Lee's book, Insecure Majorities: Congress and the Perpetual Campaign Check out Whittington's book, Political Foundations of Judicial Supremacy: The Presidency, the Supreme Court, and Constitutional Leadership in U.S. History Find more on the website for the conference, A Republic, If We Can Keep It, organized by the Cornell Center for the Study of Inequality with lead organizer Suzanne Mettler.

US politics is built around two parties, but recently there have been growing rifts between and within them. First, Professor Eliot Cohen explains why some Republicans, like himself, left the party after the 2016 election. Next, Professor Didi Kuo highlights the importance of political parties for democracy and why many voters feel disconnected from them. For More on this Topic: Read Cohen's articles in The Atlantic and Foreign Affairs Check out Kuo's article in The American Interest, The Paradox of Party Polarization

From Sean Hannity to Rachel Maddow, TV and radio hosts are taking stronger ideological stances, telling audiences what is right and wrong in America. Professor Sarah Sobieraj examines this "outrage industry" and what it means for the millions who tune in. Later, she dives into new research on the attacks women face in online spaces. For More on this Topic: Read Sobieraj's and Berry's book, The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility Check out her academic article on women's treatment online (paywall)

At only 20 percent, the number of US Congressional seats held by women ranks 101st in the world. Saskia Brechenmacher explains why this underrepresentation is bad for our democracy and looks at examples abroad to see how we might close the gap. For More on this Topic: Read Brechenmacher's paper, Closing the Gender Gap in U.S. Politics: Lessons from Europe Read her OpEd in The Hill, American Political Parties Must Do More to Get Women in Government

Immigration enforcement measures used to be concentrated on America's borders. But as Professor Yalidy Matos outlines, federal agencies are increasingly partnering with local law enforcement to carry out deportations, leaving immigrant communities uncertain about their futures. For More on this Topic: Read Matos' brief, How America's 1996 Immigration Act Set the Stage for Increasingly Localized and Tough Enforcement Further Reading: Will State and Local Crackdowns Prevent Immigrants from Fitting In to American Society?, Helen B. Marrow, Tufts University The Deportation Crisis for Latino Immigrant Men and Their Families, Tanya Golash-Boza, University of California, Merced Episode 73: Sanctuary City Limits, Tom K. Wong, University of California

For undocumented youth, the chance to receive legal status would be a life changer. Professor Amy Hsin shows how legalization could encourage young immigrants to get a college degree and even reduce the national deficit, all without threatening the wages of U.S. born workers. For More on this Topic: Read Hsin's opinion piece in The Hill, How the DREAM Act Can Actually Lower the Deficit Check out an Econofact memo on her research, The Economic Gains from Legalizing DREAMers Further Reading: How Restrictive Immigration Measures Undermine the Mental Health of Latino Migrants, Whitney L. Duncan, University of Northern Colorado Educational Aspirations and Realities for the Children of Immigrants in France and the United States, Amy Lutz, Syracuse University, Yaël Brinbaum, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers

Family, education, and work—for undocumented people in the U.S., these areas of life are filled with uncertainty. As Professor Roberto Gonzales explains, growing up undocumented can throw your future into limbo. For More on this Topic: Read Gonzales' book, Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America Check out his piece for Vox, "I Study Young Undocumented Immigrants. Here's How DACA Changed Their Lives." Further Reading: The Impact of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) on the Psychological Wellbeing of Young Immigrants, Caitlin Patler, University of California Davis The New Challenges Facing Young Undocumented Immigrants, Elizabeth Aranda, University of South Florida

It's no secret. Our political future is uncertain and unpredictable. Author and scholar Yascha Mounk outlines how economic inequality, a backlash against increasing diversity, and the rise of social media all threaten democracies across the globe—and what we can do to save them. For More on this Topic: Read Mounk's new book, The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It Check out his interview in The Atlantic Further Reading: How Today's Populism Dismantles Democracy Worldwide, Erica Frantz, Michigan State University Episode 81: On Tyranny, Timothy Snyder, Yale University

Birth control has helped many avoid unwanted pregnancies, but getting access to it can be a challenge. Professor Anu Manchikanti Gómez dives deep into a law that tried to change this by giving pharmacists the power to prescribe birth control. The only problem, is anyone using it? For More on this Topic: Read Gómez's brief, Tracking the Implementation of a California Law Allowing Pharmacists to Prescribe Birth Control Further Reading: Why Coverage of Prescription Contraception Matters for Men as Well as Women, Krystale Littlejohn, Occidental College How Intrauterine Devices and Contraceptive Implants Help Young Mothers Avoid Quickly Becoming Pregnant Again, Rebecca Cohen, University of Colorado

Ballot questions let voters decide on big issues. But with ad campaigns and special interests, reliable information can be hard to find. Professor John Gastil outlines an innovative solution—give a small group of citizens all of the information they need to make up their minds and share their findings with fellow voters. For More on this Topic: Read Gastil's two-page brief on Citizens' Initiative Reviews. Check out his piece in The Washington Post Further Reading: Building Public Trust and Improving Policy Through Deliberative Engagement Between Officials and Citizens, Daniel Patterson, University of Utah How Do Effective Associations Spur Citizen Engagement?, Hahrie Han, University of California, Santa Barbara

Raising taxes on the rich encourages job creators to skip town. Or so say some economists and policymakers. This week, Professor Cristobal Young dispels the myth of millionaires leaving high tax states and shows the many ways the wealthy are invested in the places they live. For More on this Topic: Read Young's piece in The Washington Post on millionaire taxes. Check out Young's easy to read book, The Myth of Millionaire Tax Flight Further Reading: How States Can Fight Growing Economic Inequality, Megan E. Hatch, Cleveland State University, Elizabeth Rigby, The George Washington University Episode 28: Americans Like Taxes, Vanessa Williamson, Brookings Institution

Prescription drugs are expensive. But for years, a little-known program has given some hospitals discounts to help them provide care for low-income and uninsured patients. Professor Sayeh Nikpay explains why this program is now under fire and what this means for America's safety net. For More on this Topic: Read Nikpay's piece in the Health Affairs Blog on the 340B program Further Reading: Episode 83: 21st Century Safety Net, Benjamin Veghte, National Academy of Social Insurance How U.S. Hospitals Often Undervalue Black and Poor Lives, Adam Reich, Columbia University

We all want innovative policies that propel our nation forward. But getting things done in DC isn't always easy. This week, Thomas Kalil joins us to share some of the practical lessons he learned during his years working in the White House—have a concrete plan of action, make it easy, and don't worry about who gets the credit. For more on this Topic: Read Kalil's essay, Policy Entrepreneurship at the White House Check out his TEDx talk on 21st Century Moonshots Further Reading: Episode 96: Informing Policy, Jenni W. Owen, Duke University Regulation, Participation, and Policy Design, K. Sabeel Rahman, Brooklyn Law School