Pax Britannica: A History of the British Empire

I chat with David from The Siècle about the two assassinations we've just covered: the Duke of Buckingham, and the Duc de Berry. They were both killed for political reasons, but the reaction to their deaths could not have been more different, while their assassins, John Felton and Louis Pierre Louvel, were either celebrated or forgotten. Listen to The Siècle here: http://thesiecle.com/ Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Parliament is back, and they are not happy. The Petition of Right isn't worth the paper its written on, and King Charles had flagrantly disregarded the spirit of it. He was displaying worrying tendencies - promoting Arminians and crypto-Catholics, and violating the fundamental rights of his subjects to raise money. The death of the Duke of Buckingham, rather than marking a sea change in unpopular government policy, instead cements it. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire. David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 Kishlasnky, M, A Monarchy Transformed: 1603-1714 The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Historical Collections of Private Passages of State: Volume 1, 1618-29. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dave Broker from the Industrial Revolutions podcast presents this guest episode on the engine, pun intended, of Britain's imperial might. Listen to the show here: https://industrialrevolutionspod.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

John Felton, the man who rammed a dagger into the heart of the second most powerful individual in the British Isles, claimed he did so out of patriotism and piety. That's probably the truth, but it wasn't the whole truth. Felton had serious personal grievances with the Duke of Buckingham, and had spent months trying to get his justice. We also look at the early years of the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, and his brushes with the Puritans and with Arminianism. He will play a central role in future Caroline religious policy and the outbreak of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire. David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 Kishlasnky, M, A Monarchy Transformed: 1603-1714 The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Charles, yet again, calls a parliament in search of taxation, but the Commons are willing to negotiate. In return for an acknowledgement that Charles had acted illegally, they will grant him subsidies. The ever-present thorn that is the Duke of Buckingham hasn't gone away, and the king still protects him from political attack. But impeachment isn't the only way to remove an evil counsellor... Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire. David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 Kishlasnky, M, A Monarchy Transformed: 1603-1714 The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With Buckingham protected from impeachment, but at the cost of taxation, Charles finds another way to raise the money needed to prosecute a war. Buckingham, eager to prove himself, leads a new expedition in person; to try and save the Huguenots that his ships had attacked. The Siege of Saint-Martin was the lynchpin, not only of Buckingham's recovered reputation, but of Charles' money troubles, Stuart foreign policy, and the course of the Thirty Years War. No prizes for guessing how it will go. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire. David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 Kishlasnky, M, A Monarchy Transformed: 1603-1714 The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

At Sound Education I met up with Mike Duncan, creator of The History of Rome and Revolutions, and the author of the New York Times best selling Storm Before the Storm. We chatted about the state of podcasting, the differences between writing for the spoken and written word, the impact that the British Civil Wars had on future revolutions, and the most annoying revolutionary monarchs, among many other things. If you haven't yet listened to Revolutions, find it here: https://www.revolutionspodcast.com/ Check out Sound Education: soundeducation.fm Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is just a short catch up episode to share what I experienced at Sound Education 2019. I met so many great podcasters, many that I've listened to for years and many more that are now in my queue. www.SoundEducation.fm Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As I'm away at Sound Education, this is a reupload of an old History of Witchcraft episode on the origins and development of Halloween. Today we cover the development of Halloween - its development from a Celtic harvest festival, which may or may not have involved the ritual slaughter of infant children, and its merger with the Christian holy days of All Saints and All Souls, emerging from the melting pot of American society as something new and old, traditional and commercial. Many thanks to Joe from the 80 Days - An Exploration Podcast for lending his voice to today's intro quote. Find his fantastic show on Facebook, Twitter, and 80dayspodcast.com Today's show primarily relies on the following works: Rogers, Nicholas, Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, 2002 Santino, Jack (ed.) Halloween and Other Festivals of Death and Life, 1994 For a full bibliography, please see the website: Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax The Recorded History Podcast Network: https://recordedhistory.net/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the disastrous Cadiz expedition, Charles calls another parliament. The small amount of taxation granted the previous year had been spent before it was even collected, and with the failure of Wimbledon the Stuart forces were in dire need of reinforcement and resupply. The only way was taxation, but parliament wanted something in return. They wanted the Duke of Buckingham's head on a platter. Check out Sound Education: soundeducation.fm Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire. - David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 - Kishlasnky, M, A Monarchy Transformed: 1603-1714 - Historical Collections of Private Passages of State: Volume 1, 1618-29. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Charles, fresh from his wedding, summons his first parliament. The previous year the House of Commons had been eager for war with Spain, and happy to pay for it. Surely they would be now? What grievances could they possibly have after just a few months of his reign? In other news, the Anglo-Dutch expedition to Spain gets monumentally hammered. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire. - David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 - Kishlasnky, M, A Monarchy Transformed: 1603-1714 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Charles inherited three kingdoms, each different in politics, administration, and culture. We also hear about the 1622 Massacre, the transformation of Virginia into a Crown Colony, and the marriage between Charles and Henrietta Maria, Princess of France. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire. Oxford University Press - Bottigheimer, K. S. (1978). ‘The westward enterprise : English activities in Ireland, the Atlantic and America, 1480-1650' - Canny, N. (2001). Making Ireland British, 1580-1650. Oxford: Oxford University Press - Kishlasnky, M, A Monarchy Transformed: 1603-1714 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With the return of Buckingham and Charles from Madrid, the last chance for a diplomatic answer to the Thirty Years War fades away. As James' health worsens, his son and his favourite try and harness parliament to their own ends, which would one day backfire. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - Michael B Young, King James and the History of Homosexuality - David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The apple does not fall far from the tree, as Charles follows in his father's footsteps and tries to win his wife through a brave and romantic adventure! With his partner in crime, George Villiers, he will travel, uninvited, to the Spanish court at Madrid and woo his beloved Infanta through this selfless act. It doesn't go well. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As war engulfes Europe, James is stuck between a rock and a hard place: his son-in-law is now wearing a stolen crown, and he still wants a marriage with its owners. He's also in crippling debt, and the only way forward is to call another parliament. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography -David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What happened in James' first Kingdom while he was down south living it up in London? Rebellious lords were brought to heel and the Kirk was forcibly brought closer to the Church of England. We also hear about the first, failed, beginnings of Nova Scotia, and the much more successful colony of St Kitts, while the burgeoning war in Europe becomes a family affair for James. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography - Jane H. Ohlmeyer, ''Civilizinge of those Rude Partes': Colonization within Britain and Ireland, 1580s-1640s', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What was the religious background to James' English reign? Was everyone on board with the established church? Of course not! We look at those who were content with the Church of England, those who wished for a return to Roman Catholicism, and those who believed the Church needed further reform. Outside of this debate were the Pilgrims, who thought the whole project was beyond repair, and were determined to make their own, perfect, society. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Milton, A. (2015). ‘Arminians, Laudians, Anglicans, and Revisionists’, Huntington Library Quarterly - Prior, C. W. A. (2005). Defining the Jacobean Church: The Politics of Religious Controversy, 1603–1625 - Questier, M. C. (1997). ‘Loyalty, Religion and State Power in Early Modern England: English Romanism and the Jacobean Oath of Allegiance’, The Historical Journal - John C. Appleby, 'War, Politics, and Colonization, 1558-1625', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire - Virginia Dejohn Anderson, 'New England in the Seventeenth Century', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire - Virginia Dejohn Anderson, New England's Generation: The Great Migration and the Formation of Society and Culture in the Seventeenth Century - Richard Middleton, Colonial America Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A delve into the careers of two of the king's fond advisers/possible lovers: the Earl of Somerset, Robert Carr/Kerr, and the Duke of Buckingham, George Villiers. One rose to a great height, acquired riches and power, and came crashing down to earth like Icarus. The other would climb higher, attain more influence and wealth, and survive his king. These two men became manifestations, and major causes, of the Stuart Court's growing unpopularity. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Listen to The Siécle: http://thesiecle.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, we catch up with events across the Atlantic; the colonies of Virginia, Bermuda, and Newfoundland, and how they are faring. We also look at the ridiculously successful first decades of the East India Company, and get a glimpse of the fantastical levels of wealth that were on offer for investors in its voyages. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Philip Lawson, The East India Company : A History, 1993 - Munis Faruqui,The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504-1719, 2012 - K. N. Chaudhuri, English East India Company: The Study of an Early Joint-stock Company 1600-1640, 1865 - Zahedeh, N. (2001). ‘Overseas Expansion and Trade in the Seventeenth Century’. Canny N. & Louis R. (eds) Origins of Empire : British Overseas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century. -Stern, P. J. (2011). The Company-State: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India. - Reid, J. G., & Mancke, E. (2010). ‘From Global Processes to Continental Strategies: The Emergence of British North America to 1783’. Canada and the British Empire. A full bibliography can be found on the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The death of the Prince of Wales Henry Frederick, the Prince that was Promised, almost derailed James' international diplomacy. Both the English and Irish Parliaments were summoned, with similar results. The King's attempt to renegotiate the trade relationship with the Dutch backfires horrendously. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - Alison Plowden, The Stuart Princesses A full bibliography can be found on the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Was James VI and I truly the witch-hunting, demon-studying zealot that he has traditionally been seen as? Today we take a look at the court of King James, and hear about the trials that dotted his early reign. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Holmes, R., Witchcraft in British History (1974) - MacFarlane, A., Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England (London, 1970) - Levack, B., 'State-Building and Witch Hunting', in Darren Oldridge (ed.), The Witchcraft Reader (London, 2002) - Poole, R., (ed.), The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories (2002) A full bibliography is on the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We say goodbye to the Earl of Salisbury, chief minister of King James in England. He had failed to bring parliament and king together, but he was indispensible to the government. International alliances are found with the Palatinate, as war brews on the continent, and the Great Equaliser comes for the Crown Prince. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - Eric Lindquist, 'The Last Years of the First Earl of Salisbury, 1610-1612’ - Alison Plowden, The Stuart Princesses - The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The king's debts are skyrocketing, and the Earl of Salisbury has a solution: the Great Contract. With concessions from King James, and generosity from the Commons, England's ancient financial system can be reformed, the budget balanced, and unpopular traditions removed. Perhaps Salisbury will succeed in getting "honey from gall" after all... Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - David Smith, The Stuart Parliaments, 1603-1689 - The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

James' Privy Council, in contrast to the Bedchamber, was made up of Elizabethan-era lords, but three men in particular dominated government and parliament. Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk, and Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton. They didn't all like each other, but they worked together to try and steer the king and control parliament. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In a special episode BT Newberg and I talk about the highs and lows of making a history podcast. What made us want to start a podcast? Why did we pick the subjects we did? What are the best and worst things about it? Peak behind the curtain! Go check out Dead Ideas: https://deadideas.net/ Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the personal politics of early modern England, the personalities and desires of the powerful were the stuff of policy. In this episode we examine the actions of: Queen Anne, the closet-Catholic; Prince Henry Frederick, the dashing future king of three realms; Elizabeth, the gracious future Queen of Bohemia; and Charles, the bookish, slightly sickly, future Archbishop of Canterbury. That is, unless Fate intervened... Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Pauline Croft, King James - The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Both before and after the Flight of the Earls territory in north Ireland was forfeited to the Crown and purchased by investors. Even while the burgeoning colony of Virginia was facing its earliest challenges, it was in Ulster that most government attention was focused. Money, men, and materials flooded the province, determined to make this latest plantation effort a success. The experiences of English, Scots, Welsh and Irish would form the basis of the next two centuries of British colonial expansion. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Kennedy, L. and Ollerenshaw, P. (2012).Ulster Since 1600. Oxford - Jane H. Ohlmeyer, ''Civilizinge of those Rude Partes': Colonization within Britain and Ireland, 1580s-1640s', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire - David Edwards, 'Political Change and Social Transformation, 1603–1641', in The Cambridge History of Ireland: 1550–1730 - J. H. Elliott, Scots & Catalans: Union & Disunion For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Compared to the kingdoms of Iberia, England was fairly late to the colonisation game. This episode covers the costly failures of Elizabeth's reign, and the successful, but still costly, attempts which James oversaw. Enormous death tolls from disease, starvation, and violence were not enough to prevent the foundations of British North America. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Benjamin, T. (2009). The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and Their Shared History, 1400-1900. Cambridge - Nicholas Canny, 'The Origins of Empire: An Introduction', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire - John C. Appleby, 'War, Politics, and Colonization, 1558-1625', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A closer look at how James attempts to unite his kingdoms into one body, and the difficulty he faced. In Ireland, the English yoke tightens around both the Gaelic and Anglo-Irish in the wake of the Nine Year's War. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Smith, David L., The Stuart parliaments, 1603-1689. (1999) - David Edwards, 'Political Change and Social Transformation, 1603–1641', in The Cambridge History of Ireland: 1550–1730 For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Despite the cheering crowds and warm welcome James received from his new subjects, all was not well in his new kingdom. As James would find out, England was not so different to Scotland. A number of plots against the king's life, spurred by fears or hopes for religious toleration, were hatched in the early years of James' reign. Some planned to be relatively bloodless, just another way to attract the king's ear. Others were much more... explosive in their intentions. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Nicholls, M. (1995). ‘Treason’s Reward: The Punishment of Conspirators in the Bye Plot of 1603’ For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With the death of Elizabeth, the King of Scots travels south to take up his new kingdoms of England and Ireland. James faces an uphill challenge; his rulership style is vastly different to Elizabeth's, and he inherits a number of serious problems. Adding to this is James' insistence on political union between his two larger kingdoms; he wants to become King of a single Great Britain. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Jane H. Ohlmeyer, ''Civilizinge of those Rude Partes': Colonization within Britain and Ireland, 1580s-1640s', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Julian Goodare, The Government of Scotland 1560-1625 For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sir John Elliott, Regius Professor Emeritus of Modern History at Oxford University, speaks with me in Edinburgh about composite monarchies and personal unions, the similarities between Scotland and Catalonia, the challenges that James will face as he travels south to take up his new crown, and how his and his son’s actions will echo throughout the century and beyond. The recommended books, available from all good retailers, are: - Scots and Catalans: Union and Disunion (2018) - Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 (2006) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

James VI was crowned king at one year old, and his early life was spent as the puppet of a succession of regencies. When he finally asserted his independence, he faced down a series of rebellions and strengthened his royal authority through fire and sword. His relationship with Elizabeth of England was complicated and often violent, and his vassals were insubordinate and churlish. Yet he would emerge at the dawn of the 17th century the ruler of the entirety of the British Isles. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Jane H. Ohlmeyer, ''Civilizinge of those Rude Partes': Colonization within Britain and Ireland, 1580s-1640s', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire - Alan Stewart, The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I - Julian Goodare, The Government of Scotland 1560-1625 For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Irish lords rise up against English domination, lead by The O'Neill, the Great Earl of Tyrone, Hugh O'Neill. England, already at war with Spain, dispatches thousands of troops to try and quell the rebellion. Felipe II of Spain sees an opportunity, and sends his own soldiers to assist the Irish against Dublin and London. This was the largest military campaign of Elizabeth's reign, and the one with the most long-lasting consequences for the British Isles. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Steven G. Ellis, Ireland in the Age of the Tudors 1447-1603: English Expansion and the End of Gaelic Rule - Harold O’Sullivan, Dynamics of Regional Development: processes of assimilation and division in the marchland of south-east Ulster in late medieval and early modern Ireland - David Edwards, 'Political Change and Social Transformation, 1603–1641', in The Cambridge History of Ireland: 1550–1730 For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For generations, Habsburg Spain had been a stalwart ally of England, their royal families connected by marriage and kinship, to counter-balance the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland. This had been the state of things for decades, and upon Elizabeth's accession there was no reason to think that this would change. Calais had just fallen to the French, and English armies had been rampaging through Scotland just years before, and a French regent ruled in place of her young child. And yet, by the time of Elizabeth's death, Scotland was a close ally whose king would soon inherit the crown of England and Ireland, and Spanish Armadas had narrowly missed invading English shores. What caused this dramatic reversal? Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax In this episode I made particular use of the following publications: - Doran, S. (2000). Elizabeth I and Foreign Policy, 1558-1603 - Croft, P. (2005). ‘“The State of the World is Marvellously Changed”: England, Spain and Europe 1558-1604’. Doran S. & Richardson G. (eds) Tudor England and its Neighbours Find a full bibliography on the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Through a range of cultural, economic, and political changes, the old trading relationships that English merchants had enjoyed for centuries fully broke down during Elizabeth's reign. In their place, new opportunities for wealth emerged; new countries to trade with, new products to buy and sell, and a thinly-guarded colonial empire full to the brim with slave markets and gold mines. Opportunities aplenty for those with the naval expertise to seize them. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: - Clay C. G. A., 1940-. (1984). Economic expansion and social change : England 1500-1700 - Benjamin Thomas, 1952-. (2009). The Atlantic world : European, Africans, Indians and their shared history, 1400-1900 - John C. Appleby, 'War, Politics, and Colonization, 1558-1625', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire For a full bibliography, see the website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, we hear about the successive attempts by the Tudor monarchs to enforce their authority over their Irish vassals, a complex mix of ethnicities and religions that resisted any policy Dublin or London tried. They eventually 'settled' on outright displacement of the native Irish and the plantation of English settlers, but even that would not be enough to make Tudor rule unquestioned. Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful: - Steven G. Ellis, Ireland in the Age of the Tudors 1447-1603: English Expansion and the End of Gaelic Rule - Jane H. Ohlmeyer, ''Civilizinge of those Rude Partes': Colonization within Britain and Ireland, 1580s-1640s', in The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume I: The Origins of Empire - Nicholas Canny, Making Ireland British, 1580-1650 For a full bibliography, see the website. Go listen to 80 Days: An Exploration Podcast here: https://80dayspodcast.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the first episode of Pax Britannica, we meet the Tudor dynasty; the kings and queens who ruled England, Wales, and Ireland from the end of the 15th century until the start of the 17th. In this first of our foundation episodes we cover the basic timeline of the Tudor era, from Henry VII until Elizabeth I. I also explain the aim of this podcast, what we will cover, and why it matters! Check out the podcast website: https://www.paxbritannica.info Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PodBritannica/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BritannicaPax Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices