Patterson in Pursuit

Is the Trump phenomenon reactionary? Is it a cultural movement? What do conservatives think about Trump? I'm joined by the distinguished Dr. Harvey Mansfield, who has been teaching political philosophy at Harvard for more than 50 years. He has a distinctive conservative voice, and he shares his analysis of the 2016 election. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

I have basic questions about Christian theology - What is God? Who is Jesus? What's the connection between humans and God? What does it mean to be "saved"? Does Christianity imply dualism? To find answers, I spoke with the theologian Dr. Ian McFarland at the University of Cambridge in England. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Where are the meaningful boundaries in reality? If there are none - if boundaries are a construction of the mind - then there is no difference between "self" and "not-self", or between "the perceiver" and "the perceived". In this way, mystics claim that "all is one". It's a beautiful idea, though I don't think it's quite accurate. Regardless, it needs to be rationally defended and grappled with. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

It's no secret that I'm a curmudgeon. My rule of thumb is that "everybody is wrong about everything all the time." However, this extreme skepticism might be a methodological mistake. To challenge me, I'm joined by T.K. Coleman, who is one of the most positive thinkers around. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Slavery was an injustice. Nobody disputes that. However, it's not clear that reparations will correct the injustice. In my view, reparations have rhetorical power, but they will not fix the problem. In fact, they will cause additional injustice. Reparations are theft in the present to pay for theft in the past. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

The world of ideas is moving past academia. We're in the midst of it. More and more people are realizing that the "experts" aren't as knowledgeable as they've been told - and that formal credentialing doesn't guarantee you a job upon graduation. The community of dissatisfied intellectuals is growing, and I want to be part of it. Let's build the community that we'd like to see. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Not all certainly true propositions are logically necessary. I discovered this several years ago while laying in bed, thinking about steak. Who said philosophy should be confined to a classroom? Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Is the brain a computer? Do machines calculate the same way humans do? Can artificial intelligence ever be conscious? What does it even mean to be "intelligent"? To help me answer these questions, I spoke with Dr. Bram van Heuveln of RPI. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Statistical anomalies: are they divine, or merely coincidental? One-in-a-million events are consistent with two mutually exclusive theories - so how to choose between them? Questions like this throw us inescapably into the world of philosophy and theoretical reasoning. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Breakdown of John Searle's philosophy of mind. His own resolution to the mind/body problem is called "biological naturalism". In my analysis, Searle is a closet dualist - even if he despises the title. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Religious people have a certain quality that I've noticed over the years. It isn't about their beliefs. It isn't about their methods for reasoning. It's about something else: their commitment to the truth as they perceive it. If that's true, then religiosity isn't a bad thing itself. In fact, if it's coupled with philosophy and critical reasoning, it's something to admire. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

"The truth is that there is no truth". That roughly summarizes postmodern philosophy. To my mind, this is an elementary error. It is a self-evident contradiction. However, I admit that I'm biased towards logic and rationality. To help me understand postmodernism better, I am joined by Dr. Stephen Hicks, who explains the history and ideas of postmodern philosophy. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Progressives are masters of indignation. But before talking about how things "should be", it seems wise to first understand how things actually are. Worldviews not guided by economics are inaccurate at best, and dangerous at worst. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

For nearly a century, the concept of "infinite sets" has rested at the foundations of modern mathematics. I have a tough time grasping this concept, so I asked Dr. Daniel Isaacson of Oxford University to help me out. We cover two definitions for infinity, discuss the metaphysics of mathematics, and cover some basic "intuitionist" concepts. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

I've always been fascinated by so-called "crazy" people. Why do they believe what they believe? Could they be right? What if I'm the crazy person, while they are the sane ones? Perhaps they only appear crazy to me because my mind is broken? After worrying about these ideas for years, I've settled on an answer. There is only one objective standard for sanity: logic. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

The mind-body problem has been discussed for thousands of years. Does consciousness require the supernatural? Dr. John Searle emphatically says no. He's known for his own resolution to the mind-body problem, called "biological naturalism", and that's what we discuss today. It fits somewhere between eliminative physicalism and dualism. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

We cannot overlook the boundaries of our concepts. If our concepts are fuzzy, then our thinking will be fuzzy. Continuums present a serious logical challenge to many ideas. As far as I can tell, the best way to overcome the problems of continuums is to eliminate them altogether. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Breaking down my interview with Dr. Bruce Cain of Stanford University. He and I both agree that more democracy isn't always a good thing - but we disagree about everything else. We go from talking about the foundations for democracy to examining the foundations of all government - and inevitably end up talking about anarchism. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Is logic just a Western convention? Do other cultures have other logics? No and no. Logic is the inescapable rules of existence, and those rules do not depend on our conception or understanding of them. They are presupposed by every thought and every proposition. I didn't invent the laws of logic, but I've discovered them, along with many other philosophers throughout history. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

An increasing amount of "experts" do not seem to understand the basics of their field. Economics is no exception. To understand the world, I am convinced one must understand economics - and you have to start with the basic concepts. If the basics are wrong, your analysis will be foundationally flawed. I'm joined by Dr. Donald Boudreaux, who writes a lot about the basics, and we cover some of the important ideas that have to be understood before analyzing anything more complex. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

When two people disagree, their ideas are not automatically equally plausible. Some ideas are superior than others. Proposition X is not equally reasonable as proposition Y simply because they are both propositions. I call this an "abstraction error", and you see it everywhere in the world of ideas. Cultures, ideas, political theories, epistemologies - we cannot evaluate them in the abstract. We have to dive into the concrete. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Democracy is almost universally seen as a good thing, but it has serious drawbacks. Is there any alternative to democracy? Are there any constraints on democracy? Is there any recourse a minority has when a majority wants to oppress them? What makes democracy - and government in general - legitimate? To help me answer these questions in political theory, I'm joined by Dr. Bruce Cain of Stanford University. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

"You've just got to have faith!" I heard that a million times growing up, and it never sat well with me. Once I understood the methodological error of faith, the world of rational analysis opened up for me. If you value the truth, there is no room for beliefs without reason. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Physicalism does not escape from absurd conclusions. Indeed, many physicalists have found a new kind of spirituality by understanding the implications of hard-determinism. If humans are essentially part of the universe, and humans are becoming aware of the universe, then - in a very real sense - the universe is in the process of becoming aware of itself. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

What is logic? Can something be true and false at the same time? Can we ever have perfect certainty? Those are some of the epistemological questions I asked the philosopher Dr. Timothy Williamson of Oxford University. We also dove into the metaphysics of concepts and mathematics - and here we had the greatest disagreement. Do concepts have any existence outside of our conception of them? He says yes, I say no, and the consequences are very large. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

"Trivial, dogmatic, and useless" - that's the professional reputation of tautologies. I don't think tautologies deserve their reputation. In fact, I think they are profound and foundational to any critical worldview. Here are three reasons why the orthodox philosophic position regarding tautologies is mistaken. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Logic has been called many things - "the rules of language", "the rules of reasoning", "the rules of existence", and so on. I want to know what logic is, so I spoke with Dr. Timothy Williamson of Oxford University to help me find out. We cover a ton of great topics - the nature of logic, language, paradoxes, and the metaphysics of concepts and numbers. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Imagine a hungry donkey standing exactly between two identical bales of hay. Could it choose between them? The paradox of Buridan's ass is an old, famous paradox going back thousands of years. I think it contains a mistaken premise, but if we're careful, we can formulate it in a way to paralyze our donkey. The example helps us think clearly about what it means to be "identical" and "different." Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Anarchism is a scary word, but it's a sensible political philosophy. Over the last several years, I've been persuaded by libertarian anarchism, and I think it's important to cover the basic ways of thinking about political issues as an anarchist. In this episode, I want to give you the groundwork for an anarchist's intuition. Note: by "anarchism", I am referring to "market anarchism", not "socialist/communist anarchism." There's a big difference between the two. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

This sentence is false. Is that sentence true or false? If it's true, it's false. If it's false, it's true. This is the liar's paradox, and philosophers have been debating it for thousands of years. From what I can tell, it's tricky, but it can be resolved with a little inspection. We don't need to throw out classical logic. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

A great deal has been written about how "weird" quantum physics is. Many wild and radical ideas are drawn from the field. However, few people seem to understand the basic concepts. Before we evaluate the different theories in quantum physics, we need to grasp the fundamentals - the theories, data, and philosophy surrounding quantum events. I am joined by Dr. Simon Saunders of Oxford University, who is a professor of the philosophy of physics, and he lays out the basic ideas. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Logic is the secret to all critical thinking. It is the root of every philosophical tree. When you understand what "necessity" means, you'll start grasping the most fundamental principle in the universe. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

The Austrian School of economics is outside the mainstream, but I find their arguments compelling. Specifically, their claims about the epistemological status of economic theory - the philosophy of economics. My guest is Dr. Peter Boettke from George Mason University. He is an Austrian School proponent, and we dive into some of the deeper questions surrounding the nature of pure logic in economic theory. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Can you judge somebody's intelligence by their beliefs? The polite answer is "No! Of course not!" But my own experiences make me think otherwise. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Coming to you from London, England. Was the Brexit a good idea? As a libertarian, the situation is mixed. On the one hand, decentralizing power is a good thing. On the other hand, a Brexit might lead towards higher tariffs and protectionism. On the whole, I think the pro's outweigh the con's. The principle of self-governance is more important than short-term economic gains. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

I used to be a conservative, and then I was introduced to the libertarian political philosophy, which slowly turned me into an anarchist. It sounds like a radical conclusion, but it comes from basic principles in economics and ethics. This article covers my personal intellectual journey. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

This week is another breakdown episode, where I focus primarily on the interview about logical contradictions at Columbia. Dr. Justin Clarke-Doane was arguing that logical contradictions can be understood and incorporated into our worldview. I couldn't more strongly disagree, and I wasn't too impressed with his argument. This is why. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

When people talk about nothing, what are they really talking about? How can you talk about nothing - unless nothing is actually something? Many Eastern philosophies (Buddhism, in particular) believe that nothing is something, and a few Western philosophies do as well. But they are mistaken. If we value a rational and logically consistent worldview, we have to understand exactly what nothing is - or more precisely, what it isn't. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Religion is too quickly dismissed by modern intellectuals. Religious or spiritual experience is a relatively universal phenomenon, and it deserves the same level of rational analysis as the rest of our worldview. My guest today is Dr. Bob Murphy, who is a professional economist, author, and a self-described "born-again Christian". We talk about his beliefs, justification, and personal experiences with the faith. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Everybody is wrong about everything all the time. That's my life motto. You can't simply believe something because somebody told you so. You have to doubt. The deeper you dive into philosophy, the more you realize how important the fundamentals are, and the more you realize how few people understand the fundamentals. Therefore, it's better to simply assume people are wrong about everything from the start. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Can something be true at false at the same time? Some philosophers think so. I don't, but my guest does. Questions of logic and epistemology are at the foundation for everyone's philosophy, and the stakes couldn't be higher. If contradictions are possible, that's a big deal. If contradictions aren't possible, that's also a big deal. You have to decide for yourself. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Do our minds have access to objective reality, or are we stuck inside our own heads? Do we need to "get outside our minds" to verify whether our claims about the world are true? These questions have enormous implications for our entire philosophy. They are about the fundamental relationship between the mind and the world. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

"Completed infinities" are at the center of modern mathematics. Their existence is taken as a foundational axiom. I must admit: I think this is an error - a logical mistake. Infinity, by definition, cannot be completed, right? I am joined by Dr. Gary McGuire, the head of Mathematics and Statistics at the University College Dublin. To my surprise, Gary also expresses skepticism about completed infinities. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Most ethical questions are framed incorrectly. Morality isn't about actions and consequences. It is about intention. Thinking this way avoids a number of popular ethical dilemmas, like the infamous trolley problems. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

Selfish or simply honest? Egoist philosophy doesn't win popularity contents, but it does claim to be intellectually consistent. The self, they claim, is at the center of all moral values. I am joined by Michael Malice, who is a best-selling author and self-described egoist. We talk about the philosophy, his thoughts on atheism, and some problems with Ayn Rand's Objectivism. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

The physical world is made up of particles, not objects. Objects are abstractions - they are conceptual boundaries we put around clumps of matter. Without the mind, those boundaries wouldn't exist. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

My analysis of the philosophies presented so far - covering pragmatism, anarchist legal systems, objective truth, the philosophy of mind, and autodidacticism. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

It's taboo to criticize democracy. However, if we want to have clear political philosophies, we need to look at both the theory and the practice of democracy. Voters in New Hampshire freely chose a self-described socialist and a thinly-veiled fascist as their #1 picks. That should trouble us. With a little effort, we might be able to construct a superior political system that doesn't allow foolish politicians to enact foolish policies. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

American Pragmatism is a philosophy that's been around for morethan a century. It's recently seen a renaissance in the last fewdecades, and I'm talking this week with Dr. John Stuhr, who haswritten several books on the topic.We cover pragmatism from the basics to more advanced concepts,and I get to ask Dr. Stuhr a ton of questions in my own pursuit ofunderstanding the philosophy. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe

A central question in philosophy is "Can we know anything with perfect certainty?" Either way you answer - yes or no - has big implications. Here's my answer in five minutes. Get full access to Steve Patterson's Substack at stevepatterson.substack.com/subscribe