Outside/In

On a bluebird day in April of 2019, Snow Ranger Frank Carus set out to investigate a reported avalanche in the backcountry of Mt. Washington. He found a lone skier, buried several feet under the snow. The man was severely hypothermic, but alive. Wilderness EMTS can work for decades and never encounter this particular situation, and what happened next was an attempted rescue that people in Northern New England are still learning from. What happens when a rescue goes wrong? And how do first responders cope when an opportunity to save someone’s life slips through their fingers? Featuring: Denise Butler, Frank Carus, Jeff Fongemie, Nicholas Weinberg SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our FREE newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook LINKS Read the Mount Washington Avalanche Center’s final report on Nick Benedix’s death. Learn more about avalanche safety here. Read the Wilderness Medical Society Journal article about this incident here. CREDITS Host: Nate Hegyi Reported and produced by: Jessica Hunt Mixer: Taylor Quimby Editing by Taylor Quimby and Nate Hegyi, with help and feedback from Rebecca Lavoie, Justine Paradis, Felix Poon, Erika Janik, Sam Evans-Brown, Jimmy Gutierrez, and Christina Philips. Rebecca Lavoie is our Executive Producer Special Thanks to: Matt Dustin, Ty Gagne, Frank Hubbell, and Andrew Parrella. Music for this episode by Blue Dot Sessions. Our theme music is by Breakmaster Cylinder. Outside/In is a production of New Hampshire Public Radio Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A few weeks ago our host, Nate Hegyi, was on the edge of a very high cliff in Utah’s Zion National Park when he heard a little voice inside his head whisper… “jump.” He didn’t heed the call, thankfully, and when he got down safely he discovered that more than a third of all people might feel this urge, ominously known as “the call of the void.” Most of us can wave off these impulses. But what if you couldn’t? What if the call of the void was so intense that you almost acted? Is there a cure? This episode contains a contextual reference to suicidal ideation. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, anxiety, or just needs someone to talk to, reach out to the folks at the Crisis Text Line, a texting service for emotional crisis support. To speak with a trained listener, text HELLO to 741741. It is free, available 24/7, and confidential. Featuring: Jennifer Hames, Stephen Hunt ELECTRIC VEHICLE SURVEY Hey folks – we’re working on some stories about electric vehicles, and we’re looking to hear from you. Are you interested in going electric? Wish there was better charging infrastructure where you are? Or would you prefer sticking with the car/truck you’re used to? Tell us what you think about EVs, and help inform our reporting by filling out this survey. It’ll only take a couple minutes, and it really helps us produce the show. Thanks so much! SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our FREE newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook LINKS This 2020 study, in BMC Psychiatry, looks at the prevalence of high place phenomenon and whether it’s connected to suicidal ideation. Read Jennifer Hames’ paper in The Journal of Affective Disorders on the “call of the void”: “An urge to jump affirms the urge to live: an empirical examination of the high place phenomenon.” The Imp of the Perverse, by Edgar Allen Poe Marconi Union, “Weightless” Listen to our previous episode “Even Hikers Get The Blues” CREDITS Host: Nate Hegyi Reported and produced by: Nate Hegyi. Mixer: Nate Hegyi and Taylor Quimby Editing by Taylor Quimby, with help from Justine Paradis, Jessica Hunt, Felix Poon and Rebecca Lavoie. Rebecca Lavoie is our Executive Producer Music for this episode by Marconi Union, Sour Mash, Dew of Light, Gavin Luke, and Christopher Moe Ditlevsen. Our theme music is by Breakmaster Cylinder. Outside/In is a production of New Hampshire Public Radio Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Three hundred years ago on Easter Sunday, 1722, European explorers landed on a South Pacific island that they called “Easter Island.” And they were shocked to see nearly one-thousand giant statues of stoic faces, called “moai”, placed all over the island. Who moved them? And how did they do it? The most popular theory was that this remote civilization destroyed itself – cutting down all the trees to make contraptions for moving statues. But according to the Indigenous people of Rapa Nui, their ancestors didn’t need to cut down any trees to transport the statues. In fact, their oral history has always been clear about how the moai were transported. The real mystery is, why hasn’t anyone been listening? This story originally ran in October 2021, and was updated for the 300th anniversary of first contact between Rapanui and European peoples. Featuring: Sergio Rapu Haoa, Carl Lipo, Terry Hunt, Sergio Mata’u Rapu, and Gina Pakarati SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS A profile of Sergio Rapu Haoa for the 2002 Rotary World Peace Scholars program at Berkeley Eating Up Easter -- a documentary film produced by Sergio Mata’u Rapu, about how the people of Rapa Nui are grappling with environmental and social changes brought on by tourism and economic development. The NOVA-National Geographic Documentary A team of 18 volunteers move a 10-foot 5-ton statue for the NOVA-National Geographic documentary, Mystery of Easter Island A figurine animation demonstrating five different theories of moai-transport through the years. Mystery of Easter Island -- The NOVA-National Geographic Documentary in its entirety Lectures by Terry Hunt and Carl Lipo National Geographic Live Lecture -- Terry Hunt and Carl Lipo: The Statues That Walked Long Now Foundation Lecture: The Statues Walked -- What Really Happened on Easter Island | Terry Hunt and Carl Lipo CREDITS Reported and produced by Felix Poon Edited by Taylor Quimby Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Felix Poon Additional Editing: Justine Paradis, Jessica Hunt, Rebecca Lavoie, and Erika Janik Special thanks to Effie Kong, and Daniela Allee for her Spanish and Rapanui voiceovers. Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional Music by Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Like most modern publications, Low-tech Magazine has a website. But when you scroll through theirs, you’ll notice an icon in the corner: the weather forecast in Barcelona. That’s because Kris Decker, the creator of Low-tech Magazine, powers the site off a solar panel on his balcony. When the weather gets bad, the website just… goes offline. In a way, the solar-powered website is an experiment: an attempt to peel back the curtain and to reveal the infrastructure behind it, and to raise questions about our relationship with technology. Should everything on the internet be accessible, all the time? Could progress mean choosing to live with less? Featuring Kris De Decker. ELECTRIC VEHICLE SURVEY We’re working on a series about electric vehicles, and we’re looking to hear from you. Would you consider going electric? What do you think about the EV transition? Help inform our reporting by filling out this survey. It’ll only take a couple minutes, and it really helps us produce the show. Thanks so much! SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our (free) newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook LINKS Low-tech Magazine has published instructions on how to build a low tech or solar-powered site. Solar Protocol, a solar-powered platform designed with the idea that “it’s always sunny somewhere!” HTTP Archive tracks the history of web performance. Re: that time it rained inside the data center. This website lets you measure the emissions of any website (including this one). Photographer Trevor Paglen’s images of undersea Internet cables (reportedly wiretapped by the NSA), and a video of sharks nipping at them. Another example of the natural world interfering with computers, from the cutting room floor: the world’s first computer bug was a literal bug. When Senator Ted Stevens described the internet as a “series of tubes,” many have opined that he actually wasn’t wrong. CREDITS Host: Nate Hegyi Producer: Justine Paradis Editor: Taylor Quimby Additional editing: Nate Hegyi, Jessica Hunt, and Felix Poon Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Special thanks to Melanie Risch. Music: Pandaraps, Damma Beatz, Dusty Decks, Harry Edvino, Sarah the Illstrumentalist (sic), and Blue Dot Sessions. The “Internet is a Series of Tubes” remix was created by superfunky59 on Youtube. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lake trout are on life support in Lake Michigan. They rely on intense breeding and stocking by federal fisheries. There was a breakthrough last summer, though, that could help bolster the lake trout’s recovery. A geneticist successfully mapped the lake trout genome: an outline of the fish’s genetic makeup. The genome will help biologists understand why some “strains” of trout have a higher survival rate. But could it also be used to create a sort of super-trout? And is that a good thing? Or is conservation-based gene editing a step too far? Featuring: Mark Walton, Roger Gordon, Chuck Madenjian, Seth Smith, Marty Kardos and Kim Scribner. ELECTRIC VEHICLE SURVEY Hey folks – we’re working on some stories about electric vehicles, and we’re looking to hear from you. Are you interested in going electric? Wish there was better charging infrastructure where you are? Or would you prefer sticking with the car/truck you’re used to? Tell us what you think about EVs, and help inform our reporting by filling out this survey. It’ll only take a couple minutes, and it really helps us produce the show. Thanks so much! SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our FREE newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook LINKS Check out more episodes of Points North, and their special series: [Un]Natural Selection Listen to our previous episode “The Particular Sadness of Trout Fishing in America” CREDITS This episode of Points North was written and produced by Patrick Shea Hosts: Dan wanschura and Morgan Springer Editor: Morgan Springer Consulting editor: Peter Payette Music for this episode by Max Dragoo, Marlin Ledin, Santah, and Blue Dot Sessions Outside/In is produced by Nate Hegyi, Taylor Quimby, Justine Paradis, Jessica Hunt, and Felix Poon Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, the final frontier of the outdoors: space! From rocket particles, to ominous theories about what might happen if we ever make contact with aliens, we’re launching into uncharted territory to answer your questions about outer space. And speaking of uncharted territory, we’re kicking this episode off with a very important introduction: our new host Nate Hegyi is picking up the mic for the first time. Question 1: How do I become a backyard astronomer? Here are seven Tips for getting started. Question 2: How sustainable is space travel? Question 3: What is the ‘Dark Forest’ theory? Question 4: Would the hare-brained scheme from 'Don't Look Up' actually work? Do you have a question about the natural world? Submit it to the Outside/Inbox! Send a voice memo to [email protected] or call our hotline: 1-844-GO-OTTER (844-466-8837). Don’t forget to leave a number so we can call you back. Featuring: Susan Rolke, Jennifer Willis, Martin Ross, Jonathan Yaney, and Amy Mainzer ELECTRIC VEHICLE SURVEY Hey folks – we’re working on some stories about electric vehicles, and we’re looking to hear from you. Are you interested in going electric? Wish there was better charging infrastructure where you are? Or would you prefer sticking with the car/truck you’re used to? Tell us what you think about EVs, and help inform our reporting by filling out this survey. It’ll only take a couple minutes, and it really helps us produce the show. Thanks so much! SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our FREE newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook. LINKS Find an astronomy club near you Want some digital stargazing help? Try an app like Star Walk 2 or Stellarium. Check out the sounds of space. Learn more about the company Spinlaunch, which is trying to use centrifugal force to launch rockets into space, and watch their Orbital Accelerator concept video. Does more efficient sometimes mean more emissions? Read up on Jevon’s Paradox. Are we alone? Like, really alone? Learn about the Drake Equation to find out. Go down a wikipedia wormhole on The Three Body Problem, by Liu Cixin. Don’t Look Up seems like it’s about a comet, but it’s actually about climate change. Simulate a world ending comet collision with the Earth Impact Effects Program. CREDITS Reported and produced by Felix Poon, Taylor Quimby, Jessica Hunt, and Justine Paradis Host: Nate Hegyi Edited by Taylor Quimby Additional editing by Justine Paradis and Cori Princell Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Felix Poon, Taylor Quimby, Jessica Hunt, and Justine Paradis Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Howard Harper-Barnes, Jerry Lacey, Jules Gaia, and Blue Dot Sessions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Antler tissue is the fastest growing animal tissue on the planet. It grows faster than a human embryo, faster even than a cluster of cancer cells. On a hot summer day, some antlers can grow as much as one inch per day! And buried inside them is a cocktail of nutrients that both animals and humans are itching to get their paws on. In summary: Antlers are freaking amazing. So in this episode of Outside/In, we’ve invented a new segment just to highlight them. We’re calling it Holy Scat! and it’s our way of exploring all the things about the natural world that make us totally geek out. For our inaugural adventure, we learn about how antlers grow so fast, meet a collector who covers hundreds of miles searching for them, AND find out why scientists hope antlers could unlock new treatments for osteoporosis. Plus, we’ll tell you a whole herd of awesome deer factoids, and answer the eternal question: are Santa’s reindeer males or females? Featuring Henry Ahern, Will Staats, Brendan Lee, and Tomas Landete-Castillejos. Special thanks to Chris Martin and Dave Anderson of Something Wild, who inspired this episode! SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our free newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram and Twitter Join our private podcast discussion group on Facebook LINKS Check out the episode of the NHPR podcast Something Wild that inspired this story! Stanford scientists identified genes behind rapid antler growth. Read more here. Watch a video describing the research on glioblastoma cells. Good footage of an antler shoving match. Graphic Video Warning! If you want to see what an emergency velvet antler amputation looks like, here you go. Reporting on MMA Fighter George Sullivan’s one year suspension for the use of Velvet Antler supplements Is the Coronavirus in Your Backyard? A New York Times report on coronavirus in animal populations (and especially, in deer) An article from Smithsonian detailing what may be the first case of coronavirus to spread from a deer to a human CREDITS Produced and researched by Jessica Hunt and Taylor Quimby Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Edited by Taylor Quimby and Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Taylor Quimby Additional editing: Felix Poon and Nate Hegyi Special Thanks to Cindy Downing and David Hewitt Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Arthur Benson and Claude Signet Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Forget about beer, or even water; it was hard apple cider that was THE drink of choice in colonial America. Even kids drank it! And since it’s made from apples – the “all-American” fruit – what could be more American than cider? But apples aren’t native to America. They’re originally from Kazakhstan. In this episode we look at the immigration story of Malus domestica, the domesticated apple, from its roots in the wild forests of Central Asia, to its current status as an American icon. And we look at how apples and cider were used in some of America’s biggest migrations – from Indigenous tribes who first brought apples west across the continent, to the new immigrants who are using hard cider to bridge cultures and find belonging. Featuring Soham Bhatt and Susan Sleeper-Smith. Special thanks to everyone Felix spoke to at the Cider Days Festival, including Ben Watson, Charlie Olchowski, and Bob Sabolefski. LINKS How to Make Hard Cider George and Ursula Granger: The Erasure of Enslaved Black Cidermakers, by Darlene Hayes. An Apple Commons: reflections by cidermaker Melissa Maddens on what it means to forage from wild apple orchards – relics of this country’s history of dispossessing Indigenous people of their lands. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our free newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram and Twitter. Join our private podcast discussion group on Facebook. CREDITS Produced and mixed by Felix Poon Edited by: Taylor Quimby Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Additional editing: Justine Paradis, Jessica Hunt, and Rebecca Lavoie Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Jharee, Kevin MacLeod and Blue Dot Sessions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Move over, beef: there’s a new burger in town. Plant-based meats are sizzling hot right now; in 2020 alone, the alternative meat industry saw a record $3.1 billion in investment, with 112 new plant-based brands launching in supermarkets. These juicy, savory, chewy fake burgers are a far cry from the dry, weird-tasting veggie patties of the past. In this episode, Gastropod co-hosts Nicole Twilley and Cynthia Graber visit the Impossible Foods labs to swig some of the animal-free molecule that makes their meatless meat bleed, try fungal food start-up Meati's prototype "chicken" cutlet, and speak to the scientists and historians who compare these new fake meats to their predecessors—and to real meat! Can a plant-based sausage roll be considered kosher or halal? Are plant-based meats actually better for you and for the environment? And how might a mysterious protein-powerhouse fungus named Rosita help feed the world? This episode was reported and produced by our friends at Gastropod. Featuring Aymann Ismail, Celeste Holz-Schietinger, Malte Rödl, Tyler Huggins, and Raychel Santo. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our free newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram and Twitter Join our private podcast discussion group on Facebook LINKS Read Aymann Ismail’s piece on the debates surrounding plant-based pig substitutes in Muslim communities here. Celeste Holz-Schietinger, the VP of Product Innovation at Impossible Foods, featured in Fast Company as one of the most creative people in business in 2020. Malte Rödl is a researcher in environmental communications at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. His PhD thesis is titled “Categorising Meat Alternatives: how dominant meat culture is reproduced and challenged through the making and eating of meat alternatives.” Tyler Huggin’s company, Meati, which he started after “auditioning” thousands of fungus species and finally a protein powerhouse he and his team nicknamed “Rosita.” Raychel Santo studies how plant-based meats measure up against animal meats in terms of both nutritional and environmental impacts. Read the full paper she and her colleagues wrote here. CREDITS Gastropod co-hosts: Nicola Twilley and Cynthia Graber Produced by Sonja Cho SwansonOutside/In team: Justine Paradis, Taylor Quimby, Felix Poon, and Jessica HuntExecutive producer: Rebecca LavoieTheme: Breakmaster CylinderAdditional music by Ludwigs Steirische Gaudi and Jackson F. Smith Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When Jocelyn Smith was growing up, she told her friends and family she didn’t want to go to college. Instead, her goal was to hike all 2,190 miles of the Appalachian Trail, a rugged journey spanning from northern Georgia to central Maine. Last year, she finally realized that dream in a seven-month long, life-changing adventure. But as soon as she started her descent from the last mountain summit, she started to wonder… what now? What did all of this mean? For the thousands of people who “thru-hike” the world’s longest trails, this is actually a well-known phenomenon. They call it “the post-trail blues.'' If getting out into nature is supposed to be restorative, why do so many long-distance hikers report feeling depressed after they finish? In this episode, we explore how an epic hike turns into a new identity, and ask why some of the biggest achievements of our lives can leave us feeling strangely empty. Featuring Jocelyn Smith, Shalin Desai, Joseph Robinson, and Anne Baker. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, reach out to the folks at the Crisis Text Line, a texting service for emotional crisis support. To speak with a trained listener, text HELLO to 741741. It is free, available 24/7, and confidential. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our free newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram and Twitter Join our private podcast discussion group on Facebook LINKS Jocelyn Smith’s blog for The Trek Shalin Desai’s piece about diversity on the trail, originally published in A.T. Journeys, the Appalachian Trail Conservancy magazine. More information about the life and music of Earl Shaffer, the first known person to have thru-hiked the Appalachian Trail from end-to-end. Anne Baker’s article for The Trek, titled Post-Trail Depression: It’s Not What You Think Our previous episode on Baxter State Park, featuring ultramarathoner Scott Jurek: “Champagne on The Rocks” CREDITS Produced and mixed by Taylor Quimby Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Edited by Rebecca Lavoie Additional editing: Justine Paradis, Jessica Hunt, Felix Poon, and Rebecca Lavoie Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Blue Dot Sessions, River Foxcroft, Dew of Light, Golden Age Radio, Matt Large, and Earl Shaffer. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When writer Elizabeth Rush visited neighborhoods already transformed by rising seas, she noticed that many people did not use terms like “climate change.” They still talked about it – it’s just that they talked about it in terms of their own experiences: the dolphins, swimming in tidal creeks further inland than ever before… how the last big flood wasn’t gradual, but fast and sudden. In this episode, we’re looking for new ways to discuss climate change with Elizabeth Rush, author of Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore. While some books about climate change are heavy on politics and UN reports, Rising is not that. Instead, Elizabeth focuses on the people, species, and communities on the leading edge of sea level rise, from New York to California, Louisiana and even to the mountains of Oregon. “A good friend of mine… was like, ‘This is the first climate book I've also read that has zero quotes from politicians.’ That wasn't purposeful, but I looked back and was sort of proud of that,” Elizabeth said. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram and Twitter Join our private podcast discussion group on Facebook LINKS Elizabeth Rush's website Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore CREDITSHosted by Justine Paradis and Felix PoonReported, produced, and mixed by Justine ParadisEdited by Rebecca LavoieAdditional editing: Taylor Quimby, Felix Poon, and Jessica HuntExecutive producer: Rebecca LavoieTheme: Breakmaster CylinderAdditional music by Chris Zabriskie and Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Decades before the first international permaculture conference or certified organic tomato, a farmer on an island in southern Japan turned his back on industrial agriculture and devoted his life to finding a different way of farming. Masanobu Fukuoka was working as a plant pathologist when he experienced a revelation – and promptly quit his job and returned home to his family farm. Eventually, he wrote The One-Straw Revolution, a manifesto on his method, shizen noho, and the philosophy of “do-nothing farming.” Published in 1978, the book has been described by writer Michael Pollan as “one of the founding documents of the alternative food movement.” But its reach goes far beyond farming: The One Straw Revolution has been translated into 25 languages and is admired by artists, writers, and philosophers. Fukuoka passed away in 2008, but his grandson, Hiroki Fukuoka, is still living and farming there today. In the second part of the story of Fukuoka and “do-nothing” farming, writer Hannah Kirshner journeys to the place where he lived and farmed, to see shizen noho, as it is today. Featuring Hiroki Fukuoka, with appearances by Akiko Fukuoka, Taro Nakamura, and Atsushi Tada. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram and Twitter Join our private podcast discussion group on Facebook LINKS + FURTHER READING Masanobu Fukuoka Natural Farm Hannah Kirshner, author of Water, Wood, and Wild Things: Learning Craft and Cultivation in a Japanese Mountain Town Fukuoka in discussion with Bill Mollison and Wes Jackson for Mother Earth News, which took place at the Second International Permaculture Conference in Washington state. Many of those practicing natural farming in Japan learned about it from Yoshikazu Kawaguchi, who adapted Fukuoka’s practice and started a natural farming school called Akame Shizennou Jyuku. The 1978 review of The One Straw Revolution in Akwesasne Notes, a newspaper published by the Mohawk Nation For more on the story behind the book’s publication and Fukuoka’s travels in the United States: The One Straw Revolutionary: The Philosophy and Work of Masanobu Fukuoka by Larry Korn CREDITS Special thanks to Tim Crews and the Land Institute, ethnobotanist Justin Robinson, Jeffrey Gray of Fenlake Farm, Paul Quirk of Ishiharaya farm, Bill Vitek, and Atsushi Tada and Taro Nakamura, who work with the Masanobu Fukuoka Natural Farm. Reported and written by Justine Paradis and Hannah Kirshner Produced and mixed by Justine Paradis Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Edited by Taylor Quimby Additional editing: Rebecca Lavoie and Felix Poon Translation help from Michael Thornton Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Patrick Patrikios and Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Decades before the first international permaculture conference or certified organic tomato, a farmer on an island in southern Japan turned his back on industrial agriculture and devoted his life to finding a different way of farming. Masanobu Fukuoka was working as a plant pathologist when he experienced a revelation – and promptly quit his job and returned home to his family farm. Eventually, he wrote The One-Straw Revolution, a manifesto on his method, shizen noho, and the philosophy of “do-nothing farming.” Published in 1978, the book has been described by writer Michael Pollan as “one of the founding documents of the alternative food movement.” But its reach goes far beyond farming: The One Straw Revolution has been translated into 25 languages and is admired by artists, writers, and philosophers. What is it about this slim green book that has touched so many people? Part I tells the “origin story” of Masanobu Fukuoka, and how his ideas spread far beyond his home on the Japanese island of Shikoku. In Part II, we journey to that corner of southern Japan, and the mountain where Masanobu Fukuoka once lived and farmed, to see shizen noho in action today. Featuring Takeshi Watanabe, Robin Calderon, and Hiroki Fukuoka. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram and Twitter Join our private podcast discussion group on Facebook LINKS + FURTHER READING Masanobu Fukuoka Natural Farm Fukuoka’s discussion with Bill Mollison and Wes Jackson for Mother Earth News, which took place in 1986 at the Second International Permaculture Conference in Washington state. Many of those practicing natural farming in Japan learned about it from Yoshikazu Kawaguchi, who adapted Fukuoka’s practice and started a natural farming school called Akame Shizennou Jyuku. The 1978 review of The One Straw Revolution in Akwesasne Notes, a newspaper published by the Mohawk Nation For more on the story behind the book’s publication and Fukuoka’s travels in the United States: The One Straw Revolutionary: The Philosophy and Work of Masanobu Fukuoka by Larry Korn CREDITS Special thanks to Tim Crews and the Land Institute, ethnobotanist Justin Robinson, Jeffrey Gray of Fenlake Farm, Paul Quirk of Ishiharaya farm, Bill Vitek, and Atsushi Tada and Taro Nakamura, who work with the Masanobu Fukuoka Natural Farm. Reported and written by Justine Paradis and Hannah Kirshner Produced and mixed by Justine Paradis Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Edited by Taylor Quimby Additional editing: Rebecca Lavoie and Felix Poon Translation help from Michael Thornton Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Blue Dot Sessions and Patrick Patrikios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On May 21, 2021, an influential environmental activist died of Covid-19 and you probably didn’t hear about it. Sunderlal Bahuguna’s passing didn’t make the major news outlets in the US, but it was a big deal in India, where he was the renowned leader of the Chipko movement against deforestation in the 1970s. Chipko is a Hindi word for “hugging”, but according to Bahuguna, he was just the messenger of the movement. “It was the ladies who hugged the trees,” he said. This story is about the life and legacy of Sunderlal Bahuguna, and the tree huggers that saved India’s forests. Featuring: Haritima Bahuguna SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook LINKS On The Fence: Chipko Movement Re-visited The Axing of the Himalayas Appiko (To Embrace) CREDITS Reported and produced by Felix Poon Host: Justine Paradis Edited by Taylor Quimby Additional editing by Justine Paradis, and Erika Janik Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Felix Poon Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Saumya Bahuguna, Samuel Corwin, and Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We all know that a key part of addressing climate change involves getting off fossil fuels. But renewable energies, such as solar energy, are not without costs. One key cost? It uses a lot of land. The team at How to Save a Planet takes a look at one creative solution to this problem – mixing solar panels with agriculture. And they are not at all sheepish about the role of one very adorable four legged animal. Featuring How to Save a Planet. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook CREDITS How to Save a Planet is a Spotify original podcast and Gimlet production.Host: Alex BlumbergEpisode producer: Kendra Pierre-LouisShow producers: Anna Ladd, Rachel Waldholz and Hannah Chinn Intern: Nicole WelchSupervising producers: Lauren Silverman and Kaitlyn BoguckiEditor: Caitlin Kenney.Sound design and mixing by Peter LeonardOriginal music by Peter Leonard, Catherine Anderson and Emma MungerFact-checking: James GainesSpecial thanks to Alex DePillis at the Vermont Agency of Agriculture, and Tonje Waxman and Brooks Mixon at Sun Raised Farms. Outside/In team: Justine Paradis, Taylor Quimby, Felix Poon, and Jessica Hunt.Executive producer: Rebecca LavoieTheme: Breakmaster Cylinder Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Gasp! Once again, the Outside/In team find themselves plunged into (a very predictable) darkness as winter descends on the Northern Hemisphere. In this episode, our second annual friluftsliv special, we turn to Norwegian culture for inspiration on how best to approach the coldest quarter of the year. The team offers our 2021/22 tips on how to enjoy the outdoors in inclement weather, and cozy (and not so cozy) indoor recommendations for those days when the wind is howling, the digits are single, and you simply can’t even. Featuring Jim Staples. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. If you give before the end of 2021, we'll send you a limited-edition Outside/In sticker! Subscribe to our newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram and Twitter Join our private podcast discussion group on Facebook 'FRILUFTSLIV' GEAR TIPS Interested in microspikes? Check out this review of various winter traction devices. How to sell a parka: Fast Company calls the Canada Goose “cold room” the best retail experience of the year. Everything old is new again: The LA Times on how the disposable camera is making a comeback among millennials and Gen Z. 'KOSELIG' TV RECOMMENDATIONS Jessica: 100 Foot Wave. A seminal big-wave surfing documentary, complete with staggering visuals, intense score, and larger-than-life personality. Follows extreme surfer Garrett McNamara’s journey as he pioneers new methods for taking on the world’s biggest waves. HBO Max. Rebecca: Dark. At first, this cerebral time-travel story feels like a German take on Stranger Things - but Dark, frankly, is much weirder than that. Get hooked by the surprising twists, stay for the stellar performances from its ensemble cast. Perfect for a February binge-session. Netflix. Taylor: Alone. Most reality TV relies on human interaction in order to create drama - this one is just the opposite. Contestants film themselves as they try to survive the longest in harsh wilderness conditions without friends, family, or even producers around to see them do it. Hulu and Netflix. Justine: The Great. An “occasionally true” look back at the reign of Catherine the Great, the devotee of enlightenment ideals who oversaw Russia during one of its most prosperous eras. Visually, it’s a great period piece - but what sets it apart is the raunchy, smart, laugh-out-loud humor. Hulu. NON-SCREEN 'KOSELIG' IDEAS Taylor: Put together a puzzle unlike any other. Rebecca: Keep yourself cozy with a rubber hot water bottle. Jessica: Make yourself some glogg. Justine: Throw a fantastic winter banquet, with the help of How to Eat a Peach by Diana Henry. [Note: Please be cautious of CDC safety guidelines when planning any social gatherings during the pandemic - a good winter banquet need not be held indoors or have a large guest list to be a splendid time!] Justine’s bonus recommendation (excellent on its own or paired with The Great): The Dawn of Everything by David Graeber and David Wengrow, a book about freedom, the Indigenous influence on the Enlightenment, and what on Earth our ancient human ancestors were up to for hundreds of thousands of years. CREDITS Produced and mixed by Taylor Quimby Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Additional editing: Justine Paradis, Jessica Hunt, and Rebecca Lavoie Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We’ve got answers to your burning questions: a query about the impacts of wildlife smoke on bird migration; a long-smoldering family debate over whether or not bears can hoot; and, perhaps, stamping out the fire in the gas furnace heating your home. Question 1: What home heating system is best for the climate? Question 2: Is wildfire smoke impacting bird migration? Question 3: Do bears hoot? Question 4: Are farmers practicing agroforestry in New England? Do you have a question about the natural world? Submit it to the Outside/Inbox! Send a voice memo to [email protected] or call our hotline: 1-844-GO-OTTER (844-466-8837). Don’t forget to leave a number so we can call you back. Featuring: Nate (The House Whisperer) Adams, Emily Mottram, Joe Lajewski, Olivia Sanderfoot, Anni Yang, Dave Mance III, Andy Timmins, David Telesco, Kate Macfarland, and Meghan Giroux. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook CREDITS Reported and produced by Felix Poon, Taylor Quimby, Jessica Hunt, and Justine Paradis Host: Justine Paradis Edited by Taylor Quimby Additional editing by Cori Princell Executive producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Felix Poon, Taylor Quimby, Jessica Hunt, and Justine Paradis Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Animal agriculture is one of the biggest contributors to global climate emissions. But what about hunting? Does shooting and eating wild game skirt the complicated ethics and emissions connected with eating factory farmed animals? In this episode, a vegetarian-turned-hunter brings two reporters into a forest in Germany, in search of sustainable meat. Not only is it an interesting conversation from a climate perspective, it’s also a fascinating glimpse into the differences between hunting culture in the United States and Germany. This story comes from our friends at On The Green Fence, a podcast about environmental issues. It’s produced by Deutsche Welle and hosted by Neil King and Gabriel Borrud. This episode was part of their season on the ethics and sustainability of eating meat, which recently won a 2021 Lovie Award for Best Limited Series. Featuring Alena Steinbach. Follow On The Green Fence on Twitter: @dw_environment Follow On The Green Fence on Instagram: @dw_globalideas SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. Follow Outside/In on Instagram: @OutsideInRadio Follow Outside/In on Twitter: @OutsideInRadio Join our private Facebook Group LINKS For more on the “meat paradox” that Neil and Gabriel mention in this episode, check out our previous episode The Meat Matrix. CREDITS On The Green Fence is hosted by Neil King and Gabriel Borrud. Their executive producer is Vanessa Fischer. Their sound engineer is Jürgen Kuhn and they’re produced by Natalie Muller. The Outside/In team is Justine Paradis, Taylor Quimby, Felix Poon and Jessica Hunt Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Theme music by Breakmaster Cylinder Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In Aspen, Colorado, bears descend from the mountains to gorge on unlocked restaurant dumpsters. In India, drunk elephants crash into bodegas searching for food. And behind these human-wildlife conflicts are the researchers and scientists who are trying to prevent us from killing each other. Author Mary Roach is no stranger to squirmy subjects: she’s written about the science of decomposition, digestion, and sex. By comparison, her latest book sounds almost cute: It’s called Fuzz: When Nature Breaks the Law. But don’t be fooled, because this book is “wilder” than anything else she’s ever written. Reminder: you don’t need to read the book to enjoy Outside/In Book Club! The conversation is open to all. In this episode, we speak with Mary about humanity’s drive to keep wild animals out of our kitchens, communities, and crops, and the absurd -- and sometimes disturbing -- lengths we’ll go to do it. Our next pick for the Outside/In Book Club is Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore, by Elizabeth Rush. Again, you don’t have to read it to enjoy the show, but if you do, don’t forget to tag us @OutsideInRadio on Twitter and Instagram, and use the hashtag #ReadingOutsideIn to share your thoughts and questions. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS More about Mary Roach CREDITS Produced by Taylor Quimby and Jessica Hunt Edited by Justine Paradis Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Taylor Quimby Additional Editing: Jessica Hunt, and Felix Poon Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional Music by Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who moved the giant monolithic statues of Rapa Nui, a remote island in the South Pacific? And how did they do it? These questions have been at the center of much speculation and debate since Europeans first arrived there on Easter Sunday, 1722, and called it “Easter Island”. The most popular theory was that this remote civilization destroyed itself -- cutting down all the trees to make contraptions for moving statues. But according to the indigenous people of Rapa Nui, their ancestors didn’t need to cut down any trees to transport the statues. In fact, their oral history has always been clear about how the moai were transported. This is a story about storytelling: what happens when your community becomes the subject of a global mystery? A parable of human failure and ecological collapse? What’s the true story? And who gets to tell it? Featuring: Sergio Rapu Haoa, Carl Lipo, Terry Hunt, Sergio Mata’u Rapu, and Gina Pakarati SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS A profile of Sergio Rapu Haoa for the 2002 Rotary World Peace Scholars program at Berkeley Eating Up Easter -- a documentary film produced by Sergio Mata’u Rapu, about how the people of Rapa Nui are grappling with environmental and social changes brought on by tourism and economic development. The NOVA-National Geographic Documentary A team of 18 volunteers move a 10-foot 5-ton statue for the NOVA-National Geographic documentary, Mystery of Easter Island A figurine animation demonstrating five different theories of moai-transport through the years. Mystery of Easter Island -- The NOVA-National Geographic Documentary in its entirety Lectures by Terry Hunt and Carl Lipo National Geographic Live Lecture -- Terry Hunt and Carl Lipo: The Statues That Walked Long Now Foundation Lecture: The Statues Walked -- What Really Happened on Easter Island | Terry Hunt and Carl Lipo CREDITS Reported and produced by Felix Poon Edited by Taylor Quimby Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Felix Poon Additional Editing: Justine Paradis, Jessica Hunt, Rebecca Lavoie, and Erika Janik Special thanks to Effie Kong, and Daniela Allee for her Spanish and Rapanui voiceovers. Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional Music by Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

There’s a type of travel industry which defines itself as different: ecologically minded, even “responsible.” It’s a type of travel meant to support the conservation of threatened ecosystems. This is not just tourism, but “ecotourism.” This specific brand of tourism is a crucial part of the plan to conserve the Great Himalayan National Park in northern India, a gorgeous patchwork of forests, glaciers, mountains, and rare wildlife. From one perspective, the strategy is working: tourism is on the rise, which provides jobs to locals and incentivizes conservation. But from another perspective, the very thing meant to help conserve the area might also be one of its biggest threats. In our last episode, journalist Yardain Amron reported on the conservation strategy -- and the controversy -- around the creation of the GHNP in the 1980’s and ‘90s. Here, Yardain turns to 21st century ecotourism, and explores just how much the Tirthan Valley of India is changing. Who profits from tourism based on exploring wilderness? And just how eco-friendly is ecotourism? Featuring Raju Bharti, Karan Bharti, Dimple Kamra, Upi Kamra, Rosaleen Duffy, Stephan Marchal, Robert Fletcher, Narottam Singh, and a traveler named Nishant. Translation by Vibha Kumar. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS To learn more about this approach to conservation, check out our episode on the origins of Yellowstone National Park, “Fortress Conservation.” Dorceta Taylor, “The Rise of the American Conservation Movement.” Bram Buscher and Robert Fletcher, “The Conservation Revolution.” CREDITS Host: Justine Paradis Reported and produced by Yardain Amron Edited by Taylor Quimby with help from Justine Paradis Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Yardain Amron and Taylor Quimby Additional Editing: Felix Poon and Jessica Hunt Special thanks to: Guman Singh, Tony Gaston, and Hema Marchal. Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional Music by Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Great Himalayan National Park in India is among the most dramatic landscapes on Earth. Count the layers in a single panoramic photo of the park and you might see mountains, glaciers, old-growth forests, and alpine meadows. But National Parks are defined by two things: first, an abundance of wildlife and majestic landscapes; and second, no permanent human presence. So, before anybody was ever invited to visit the park, authorities first told about 15,000 local people to stay out. This episode is the first of two stories reported by freelance journalist Yardain Amron. In this tale, he explores the strategies of conservation at work in India’s Tirthan Valley, and what it took to create The Great Himalayan National Park over the course of two decades. What does it mean to “protect” the natural world? Who is doing the protecting, and who should it be protected from? SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS To learn more about this approach to conservation, check out our episode on the origins of Yellowstone National Park, “Fortress Conservation.” Dorceta Taylor, “The Rise of the American Conservation Movement.” Bram Buscher and Robert Fletcher, “The Conservation Revolution.” CREDITS Host: Justine Paradis Reported and produced by Yardain Amron Edited by Taylor Quimby, with help from Justine Paradis Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Yardain Amron and Taylor Quimby Additional Editing: Felix Poon and Jessica Hunt Translation: Vibha Kumar Special thanks to Guman Singh and Tony Gaston. Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional Music by Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We introduce our new mailbag segment: the Outside/Inbox, where we answer your questions about the natural world. This time: Question 1: What are those blue boxes sticking out of East Coast salt marshes? Question 2: A bunch of wasps swarmed into my friend’s bowl of ramen and died. What poisoned the wasps? Question 3: Did life begin on Earth just once? Or could it have happened multiple times during the same period? Question 4: If you ironed out all the mountains in a place like New Hampshire - how much bigger would the surface area of the state be? Do you have a question about the natural world? Submit it to the Outside/Inbox! Send a voice memo to [email protected] or call our hotline: 1-844-GO-OTTER. Featuring: Gabrielle Sakolsky, Luke Steller, Jared Dyer, Debbie Maciecki, Larry Garland, and Russell Congalton SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. CREDITS Produced and Reported by Taylor Quimby, Jessica Hunt, Justine Paradis, and Felix Poon Host: Justine Paradis Edited by Taylor Quimby Additional Editing: Cori Princell and Rebecca Lavoie Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Taylor Quimby, Jessica Hunt, Justine Paradis, and Felix Poon Theme: Breakmaster Cylinder Additional Music by Blue Dot Sessions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Once upon a time, potpourri was a popular way to freshen up a space. Now, for some, it feels a bit like the lava lamp of fragrance: an outdated fad from a bygone decade. So, why was potpourri so popular in the 1980’s, and what happened to it? Did the trend dry up… or just evolve? We explore the transformation of potpourri, from the fermented mush of the Victorian era to the perfumed and colorful bag of pine cones of the eighties, and talk to a few of the people still making potpourri today. Featuring: Yvette Weaver, Carly Still, Laure Moutet, Autumn Anderson, Paulus, and Ednita Tingle. SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS An 1895 recipe from Sweet from Sweet Scented Flowers and Fragrant Leaves for 50-year moist potpourri (the recipe begins on page 42). From Death Scents: more fascinating info on the history of medieval trends that predate potpourri and the rise of “rotten pot” potpourri. Fragrant Potpourri Preserves the Floral Scents of Summer: A 1975 NYT article that bridges the gap between moist and dried potpourri recipes. A 1988 Glade Potpourri Spray commercial CREDITS Hosted by Justine Paradis Reported and produced by Taylor Quimby Edited by Justine Paradis Executive Producer: Rebecca Lavoie Mixed by Taylor Quimby Additional Editing: Felix Poon and Jessica Hunt Special thanks to Rosalyn LaPier, Mark Nesbit, and to NHPR’s voices from the ‘80s: Nick Capodice, Josh Rogers, Emily Quirk, Patricia McLaughlin, Rick Ganley, and Rebecca Lavoie. Theme music by Breakmaster Cylinder Additional music by Blue Dot Sessions and Ben Nestor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Science journalist and sci-fi novelist Annalee Newitz thinks and writes a lot about the future. But in their latest book, Four Lost Cities: A Secret History of the Urban Age, Annalee looks at the distant past in four ancient cities: Pompeii (of the Roman Empire), Angkor (of the Khmer empire in modern day Cambodia), Catalhoyuk (the first known city in the world in today’s Turkey), and Cahokia (an indigenous city near what’s now St. Louis, Missouri). Through these four cities, Annalee explores the past to understand our future. And, in the face of the existential threat of climate change, we talk about what the stories of these cities can tell us about humanity’s possible future. The next Outside/In book club pick is Fuzz: When Nature Breaks the Law by Mary Roach. It comes out on September 14, 2021. Don’t forget to tag us @OutsideInRadio on Twitter and Instagram, and use the hashtag #ReadingOutsideIn to share your thoughts and questions about Four Lost Cities or Fuzz! SUPPORT Outside/In is made possible with member-support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter LINKS Four Lost Cities: A Secret History of the Urban Age CREDITS Host: Justine Paradise Written and reported by Felix Poon Edited by Justine Paradise, Erika Janik, and Taylor Quimby Executive Producer: Erika Janik Mixed by Felix Poon Music by Breakmaster Cylinder Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, we’re sharing an episode from The Experiment, a podcast from The Atlantic and WNYC that tells “stories from an unfinished country.” Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter. Each episode explores elements of the experiment that is the United States, from the evangelical influence on American politics to alcohol use in the United States… and to “America’s best idea:” its national parks. In an essay for The Atlantic, David Treuer, an Ojibwe author and historian, says we can make that idea even better—by giving national parks back to Native Americans. “By virtue of the parks returning to Native control, I would like people, when they’re standing at the foot of El Capitan, to look up knowing they’re on Native lands, to look up knowing that they’re standing on the graves of Native people,” says Treuer, who grew up on the Leech Lake Reservation in northern Minnesota as the nearby Voyageurs National Park was being established. “I would like, when people look up at vistas, like at Yosemite or at Yellowstone, that they’d look up as a way to look back at the history of this country.” Outside/In is a member-supported production of New Hampshire Public Radio. You can donate at outsideinradio.org/donate. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As we wave off our erstwhile host as he moves on to new adventures, we recall a drive through the mountains and assemble (what else?) a riotous montage. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter. If you’ve got a question for the Outside/In[box] hotline, give us a call! We’re always looking for rabbit holes to explore. Leave us a voicemail at: 1-844-GO-OTTER (844-466-8837). Don’t forget to leave a number so we can call you back. One more throw-back of Sam, one of our more “creative” fundraising ideas from a few years back. Outside/In is a member-supported production of New Hampshire Public Radio. You can donate at outsideinradio.org/donate. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

To be profitable, the offshore wind industry requires vast sums of money only accessible to some of the world’s biggest companies. But is the environmental movement ready to welcome oil majors and devoted capitalists into their ranks? Ready or not, here they come. Windfall is the story of a promising renewable technology and the potential of wind power in a changing climate. It’s a story about who has the power to reshape our energy future. Featuring: Henrik Stiesdal, Nat Bullard, Jason Jarvis, and Mijin Cha. Part 5 of 5. SUPPORT Windfall is made possible with member-support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS A note about our reporting process CREDITS Co-hosts: Sam Evans-Brown and Annie Ropeik Written and reported by Sam Evans-Brown Senior Producer: Jack Rodolico Executive Producer: Erika Janik Mixing: Justine Paradis Fact-checking: Sara Sneath Editors: Erika Janik, Annie Ropeik, Justine Paradis, Felix Poon, and Hannah McCarthy Special thanks to Sandeep Pai, Bo Quinn, Sammy Roth and Kim Delfino. Music: Ben Cosgrove, Blue Dot Sessions, and Breakmaster Cylinder Windfall Graphic Design: Sara Plourde Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Billions of dollars in investment will rain down on the cities that are best positioned to launch America’s offshore wind industry. But not every city can become the “wind capital of America.” Where is it gonna drizzle, and where is it gonna pour? Windfall is the story of a promising renewable technology and the potential of wind power in a changing climate. It’s a story about who has the power to reshape our energy future. Featuring: Ziven Drake, Dana Rebeiro, Jesper Bank, and Lars Pederson. Part 4 of 5. SUPPORT Windfall is made possible with member-support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS A note about our reporting process Time-lapse of a (European) jack-up barge in action CREDITS Co-hosts: Sam Evans-Brown and Annie Ropeik Written and reported by Sam Evans-Brown and Jack Rodolico Senior Producer: Jack Rodolico Executive Producer: Erika Janik Mixing: Taylor Quimby Fact-checking: Sara Sneath Editors: Erika Janik, Annie Ropeik, Justine Paradis, Taylor Quimby, Felix Poon, and Hannah McCarthy Special thanks to Music: Ben Cosgrove, Blue Dot Sessions, and Breakmaster Cylinder Windfall Graphic Design: Sara Plourde Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The promise of the nascent American offshore wind industry meets an unlikely foe: squid fishermen in Rhode Island. Forces collide — like the enduring symbol of the American blue-collar worker, the big money of global energy interests, and the volatility of American politics. We ask: what is the nature of power? Windfall is the story of a promising renewable technology and the potential of wind power in a changing climate. It’s a story about who has the power to reshape our energy future. Featuring: Joe McNamara, Norbert Stamps, Josiah Dodge, Kevin Sullivan, Jason Jarvis, Meghan Lapp, Lars Pederson, Nicola Groom, Ben Storrow, Kevin Stokesbury, David Monti, David Bernhardt, and Gina Raimondo. Part 3 of 5. SUPPORT Windfall is made possible with member-support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS A note about our reporting process CREDITS Co-hosts: Sam Evans-Brown and Annie Ropeik Reported by Sam Evans Brown Written by Sam Evans-Brown, Jack Rodolico, and Annie Ropeik Senior Producer: Jack Rodolico Executive Producer: Erika Janik Mixing: Justine Paradis Fact-checking: Sara Sneath Editors: Erika Janik, Annie Ropeik, Justine Paradis, Felix Poon, and Hannah McCarthy Special thanks to Miriam Wasser of WBUR and Craig Lemoult for audio of Lars Pederson and David Bernhardt in this episode. Thanks also to Christa Bank, Jean Flemma, Andrew Gill, David Bidwell, Henrik Lund, John Mitchell, Callie Tansill-Suddath, and the Maritime Institute of Technology and Graduate Studies. Music: Ben Cosgrove, Blue Dot Sessions, and Breakmaster Cylinder Windfall Graphic Design: Sara Plourde Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ten years ago, a Kennedy and a Koch shared the same goal: stop Cape Wind, America’s would-be first offshore wind farm. Despite nearly two decades of effort, Cape Wind was never built, and its failure had huge consequences for the offshore wind industry. But it also laid the groundwork for the next wave of offshore wind and the explosive growth to come. Windfall is the story of a promising renewable technology and the potential of wind power in a changing climate. It’s a story about who has the power to reshape our energy future. Featuring: Cheryl Andrews-Maltais, Jim Gordon, Sean Corcoran, Beth Daley, and Audra Parker. Beth Daley is now the editor-in-chief of The Conversation. Sean Corcoran is currently the managing editor at WGBH. Part 2 of 5. SUPPORT Windfall is made possible with member-support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS A note about our reporting process A pro-Cape Wind PSA (from Greenpeace) circa 2007 CREDITS Co-hosts: Sam Evans-Brown and Annie Ropeik Writing and reporting: Jack Rodolico Senior Producer: Jack Rodolico Executive Producer: Erika Janik Mixing: Taylor Quimby Fact-checking: Sara Sneath Editors: Erika Janik, Annie Ropeik, Justine Paradis, Taylor Quimby, Felix Poon, and Hannah McCarthy Special thanks to Beth Daley, Sean Corcoran, Bettina Washington, and Richard Andre Music: Ben Cosgrove, Blue Dot Sessions, and Breakmaster Cylinder Windfall Graphic Design: Sara Plourde Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Picture this: thousands of wind turbines off the Atlantic coast, each one taller than the Washington Monument. Offshore wind is seen as an essential solution to climate change, and it’s poised for explosive growth in the United States. How did we get to a moment of such dramatic change? Windfall is the story of a promising renewable technology and the potential of wind power in a changing climate. It’s a story about who has the power to reshape our energy future. Featuring: Henrik Stiesdal, Bryan Wilson, and Bob Grace. Part 1 of 5. Listen to the rest of the series here. SUPPORT Windfall is made possible with listener support. Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter. LINKS A note about our reporting A video from the power company, Orsted, detailing the decommissioning of Vindeby, the world’s first offshore wind farm. How a turbine works CREDITS Co-hosts: Sam Evans-Brown and Annie Ropeik Written and reported by Sam Evans-Brown Senior Producer: Jack Rodolico Executive Producer: Erika Janik Mixed by Taylor Quimby Fact-checker: Sara Sneath Editors: Erika Janik, Annie Ropeik, Justine Paradis, Taylor Quimby, Felix Poon, and Hannah McCarthy Special thanks to Sarah Mizes-Tan and WCAI for the audio of the Block Island Wind Farm Tour, and to Vincent Schellings, Walter Musial, Michael Taylor and Dan Shreve Music: Ben Cosgrove, Blue Dot Sessions, and Breakmaster Cylinder Windfall Graphic Design: Sara Plourde Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A new series and an announcement. After 20 years of politicization and red tape, the U.S. is moving full speed ahead on plans to install thousands of wind turbines off the Atlantic coast. Today, we’re proud to announce the launch of a special five-part series exploring this story. It’s called Windfall, and it follows the birth of a brand new industry in the U.S., one that will invest billions of dollars in our economy and reshape our coastal communities. Giant corporations are retooling their business models, setting their sights on the climate problem and hoping to capitalize on offshore wind. But some of these corporations — including BP and Shell — are the same companies arguably responsible for climate change in the first place. Windfall is the story of a promising green technology and the potential of wind power in a changing climate. And it’s a story about power… and who has the power to reshape our energy future. The first episode will debut on the Outside/In feed on June 24th, with new episodes weekly through July 22nd. Learn more at windfallpodcast.org Also, we share a big announcement about the staffing of Outside/In – a change that not only informs our reporting and transparency for the upcoming Windfall series, but impacts the future of the show as a whole. Sign up for our biweekly newsletter here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We’re exposed to plenty of invisible risks in our daily life: toxic compounds in the fabric of our couches, contaminants in the water, and pollutants in the air. A lot of the time, we don’t think too much about them. But sometimes, the invisible becomes suddenly, acutely visible. A story about the air we breathe, the risks we can live with, and what it means to become a citizen of a place. Featuring Susan Scott Peterson, Stella Peleato, Dr. Deborah Gentile, Rashmi Baliga, and Linda Wigington. Links and Resources To learn ways to improve your indoor air quality wherever you are, here’s a link to the ROCIS guide. For open-source air quality data in your location, visit the Purple Air monitoring network map. For more on air quality in the Pittsburgh region, start with Breathe Project and the Smell PGH and Plume PGH apps by Carnegie Mellon’s CREATE Lab. To learn more about air quality activism in Pittsburgh, visit the Group Against Smog and Pollution and Breathe Project. Sign up for the biweekly Outside/In newsletter. Outside/In is a member-supported production of New Hampshire Public Radio. To support work like this, please consider a donation to the show. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Geologist and writer Lauret Savoy considers fossil hunting and historical inquiry to be versions of the same pursuit. In Trace: Memory, History, Race, and the American Landscape, Lauret uses the search for her family story as a lens to better understand American history, and the landscape as a lens to better understand her past. Her memoir is a winding journey from southern California to Puritan New England, from Lake Superior to the U.S.- Mexico Border, and finally to Washington, D.C., where she grew up. For Lauret, identifying the geologic story in the American landscape was often easier than finding answers about her own family. The next Outside/In book club pick is *Four Lost Cities: A Secret History of the Urban Age* by Annalee Newitz. Look for that episode in late summer. We want to see you reading your books! Share a picture of yourself #ReadingOutsideIn, and don’t forget to tag us @OutsideInRadio on Twitter and Instagram. Plus, if you’ve got a thought about Trace or a question for Annalee Newitz, send ‘em our way! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

While sand beaches comprise just over 30% of the world’s ice-free shorelines, the collective idea of the sand beach can sometimes cast a much bigger shadow. That imagined beach can even have an influence on other fields of science — like plastic pollution. Featuring Dr. Max Liboiron. Links Liboiron’s essay, “Plastics in the Gut,” published in Orion Magazine. Outside/In Book Club The pick for the first book is Trace: Memory, History, Race, and the American Landscape by geologist and writer Lauret Savoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When composer and traveling musician Ben Cosgrove was just 7 years old, he wrote a song called “Waves”. Since then, he’s made a career out of music inspired by landscape, place, and wilderness. But if an artist has an environmental brand... do they also represent an environmental ethic? Over the years, Ben began to wrestle with what his music was really saying about the natural world. Subscribe to our newsletter. Read “The Trouble with Wilderness” by William Cronon. More on Ben Cosgrove’s new album, also called “The Trouble with Wilderness”. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Even in the quietest of times, sand beaches are defined by movement and change. “I think it's fair to say the beach is one of the most flexible or dynamic, if you will, habitats in the world. It’s super geologically unstable,” said coastal ecologist Dr. Bianca Charbonneau, also known as “the Dune Goon.” Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for biweekly reading lists, episode extras, and chances to get involved. On this edition of 10x10, we explore how beaches move. Producer Justine Paradis examines the systems and feedback loops on and around the sand beach, the science taking place there, and how the way beaches are changing is itself changing in a changing world. Support great storytelling by making a donation to Outside/In. Links Hawaii’s Beaches are Disappearing, a report from ProPublica and Honolulu Star-Advertiser Rockaway: Surfing Headlong into a New Life by Diane Cardwell United Nations report on the global sand shortage “Peak Sand” from Planet Money Beach profiling and community science with NH Sea Grant and UNH Cooperative Extension. Announcing: the Outside/In Book Club Heads-up! In May, we will be debuting the O/I Book Club. The pick for the first book, selected by our listeners, is Trace: Memory, History, Race, and the American Landscape by geologist and writer Lauret Savoy. It is so good: she tells hidden stories of American landscapes, sometimes starting from the bedrock, and explores the interplay between geography, history, and culture. if you don’t get a chance to read the book we think you’ll still enjoy the conversation. But if you want to read along with us, here’s a link to buy the book from your local independent bookseller, or you can always check it out from the library. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, we’re featuring an episode from How To Save A Planet, a podcast about climate change hosted by Dr. Ayana Elizabeth Johnson and Alex Blumberg. Heating and powering buildings takes a lot of energy, which is why a full thirty percent of U.S. greenhouse gasses can be traced back to the indoor environments in which we live and work. Lowering that number on a collective scale - by increasing their efficiency - is no easy feat. In this episode, Ayana and Alex speak with Donnel Baird, founder of BlocPower, about his mission to tighten up one of the leakiest contributors to climate change: our buildings. How To Save A Planet is produced and reported by Rachel Waldholz, Kendra Pierre-Louis, Anna Ladd and Felix Poon. Their senior producer is Lauren Silverman. Their editor is Caitlin Kenney. Sound design, mixing and original music by Emma Munger. Additional music by Catherine Anderson and Bobby Lord. This episode was fact-checked by Claudia Geib. Outside/In theme music by Breakmaster Cylinder. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Support Outside/In by making a donation in our year end fund drive Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This special BONUS episode of Outside/In was sponsored and selected by our lovely donors. Thank you for your support! Gutters can refer to the curbside drainage channels that lead into storm drains, to the metal or plastic troughs that line some rooftops, or really to any low area designed to move water from one place to another. They are, by design, fairly ordinary examples of human engineering. But look closer, and you’ll find extraordinary objects and ecosystems hidden within. Starting at the curb and working our way up, we spend this episode learning about which creatures take advantage of our waste-water systems; find evidence of extraterrestrial travel on our rooftops; and look at how gutters function…or don’t… for the very species that designed them. Featuring Ken Belt, Carlos Goller, Menno Schilthuizen, Doug Hartman, Matthew Genge, Fushcia Hoover, and Joyce Hwang. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Support Outside/In by making a donation! Read more about the Parisian Gutter study. Check out Jon Larsen’s Facebook Group for urban micrometeorite hobbyists, Project Stardust. See a United States map of cities with Combined Sewer Systems. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the early 1900s, an Ohlone woman named Isabel Meadows was recorded describing her longing to eat acorn bread again. She detailed the bread’s flavor; the jelly-like texture; the crispy edges; the people who made it. And she talked about the bread’s place in the creation story of her tribe. A century later, a young Ohlone man named Louis Trevino came across the recordings and recognized Meadows as an ancestor from his community. Today, Trevino and his Ohlone partner, Vincent Medina, are on a journey to bring acorn bread, and the language and traditions connected to it, back to the Ohlone people. The Acorn: An Ohlone Love Story is a documentary about Ohlone food, language, and history. But, ultimately, it is a story about Ohlone strength and homeland, the landscape that stretches from the Bay Area of California to Monterey and Big Sur. And at the heart of this story are acorns. Links Michelle Macklem Zoe Tennant Cafe Ohlone Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Support Outside/In by making a donation! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Another edition of Ask Sam, where Sam answers listener questions about the natural world. This time, questions about hugging trees, bumpy roads, objects stuck on power lines, and epic hummingbird battles. Featuring special guests, Maddie Sofia, host of NPR's Short Wave, and Kendra Pierre-Louis, climate journalist with Gimlet's How to Save a Planet. Also featuring Ferris Jabr, Stephen Morris, Greg Bruton, and Anusha Shankar. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Support Outside/In by making a donation! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A lot of us may feel like our time and attention is not our own, and can easily disappear into the ether of work and the internet. But rather than merely suggesting a digital detox, Jenny Odell presents a third way. In her book How to Do Nothing: Resisting the Attention Economy, Jenny draws on ecology, art, labor history, and literature, seeking a deeper kind of attention: an attention that probes our sense of selfhood, our relationship to place, time, and other species. An attention that reminds us of our being animal on this planet. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When producer/reporter Dan Taberski collected data about the long-running reality TV show Cops, he found that it depicts a distorted version of America: Where nearly all crime is associated with violence, drugs, or prostitution, and nearly every police encounter ends in arrest. There’s another reality TV show about law enforcement called North Woods Law. It follows state conservation officers employed by New Hampshire’s Fish & Game Department. But on North Woods Law, you’re more likely to see an injured loon than an honest-to-goodness arrest. If COPS presents a world more dangerous than reality, North Woods Law presents something else. But what? Featuring Jamiles Lartey, William Browne, Erika Billerbeck, Colin Woodard, Colonel Kevin Jordan, Dan Taberski, and Scott Rouleau. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Support Outside/In by making a donation. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For many of us during the pandemic, the dark and cold of winter brings a special sense of dread. But it’s not just this year: the seasonal darkness often collectively takes us by surprise. Like clockwork, we forget how dark and cold it gets - and it turns out, there are reasons for that. But our perception of the seasonal darkness can also be influenced by our attitudes about it. In Norway, cultural ideas around winter help shape attitudes and experiences of the cold. The Outside/In winter fund drive is nearly over, and we’re almost to our goal of 100 donors! Visit outsideinradio.org/donate to support the show - and vote on the topic of a potential bonus episode if we reach our goal. First, there’s the idea of getting cozy, or kosileg. Think candles, slippers, the glow of a fire in the window on a snowy night, eating wood-fired pizza under the stars, or “the smell of baked goods and the Christmas tree,” said Anders Folleras, college friend of Sam Evans-Brown and honorary Outside/In Norwegian cultural attaché. Koselig is the Norwegian analogue of the Danish idea of hygge. But there’s another concept that goes hand-in-hand with koselig: friluftsliv. “Being outdoorsy, I’d say,” said Folleras. “Outdoor lifestyle.” Embracing friluftsliv means open-air living, or getting outside every day, and outdoor adventures for all ages. So, we think if you really want to get koselig, you’ve gotta get a little friluftsliv too. For a full list of the suggestions we mentioned in this episode, visit the episode post on outsideinradio.org. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, we’re featuring an episode from A Matter of Degrees, a podcast about climate change hosted by Dr. Leah Stokes and Dr. Katherine Wilkinson. This episode was reported by Julian Brave NoiseCat. The energy transition isn’t going to be a one-size-fits-all process. In this episode, a broad lesson gleaned from a very specific story: the effort to move from coal to solar in the Navajo nation. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Support Outside/In by making a donation in our year end fund drive Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the coming decades, the scale of climate migration could be dizzying. In one projection, four million people in the United States could find themselves “living at the fringe,” outside ideal conditions for human life. In collaboration with By Degrees, NHPR’s climate change reporting initiative, we’re devoting the entire episode to answering one question: if you’re worried about climate, where should you live? And how should places prepare for the wave of climate migrants just around the corner? Featuring Bess Samuel, Jesse Jaime, Aurelia Jaime Ramirez, Kate McCarthy, Elena Mihaly, Jola Ajibade, Nadege Green, Suzi Patterson, Alex Whittemore, and Mike Hass. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter for our biweekly reading lists and episode extras. Support Outside/In by making a donation in our year end fund drive Links “Locals Bristle As Out-of-Towners Fleeing Virus Hunker Down In New Hampshire Homes” by Annie Ropeik for New Hampshire Public Radio Nadege Green’s reporting on climate gentrification in season 3 of There Goes the Neighborhood, a collaboration between WNYC and WLRN. “Why climate migration is not managed retreat: Six justifications” (2020), coauthored by Idowu (Jola) Ajibade and published in Global Environmental Change. ProPublica’s Climate Migration project The EPA’s Climate Resiliency Screening Index (2017). Scroll to page 79 for their list of the top 150 most resilient counties in the United States. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Marty, Maine coon cat, 12-year resident of the Mount Washington Observatory, and the highest-altitude feline in the Northeastern United states, died after a sudden illness on November 9th, 2020. In this Outside/In extra, producer Taylor Quimby remembers Marty, beloved companion and a dignified veteran of the Presidential Range. Featuring Ryan Knapp. This Outside/In extra was originally broadcast on New Hampshire Public Radio, our home station. We often link to these special pieces in our biweekly newsletter, which also includes our reading list, peeks behind the scenes, and opportunities to vote on episode ideas and to shape the future of the show. Sign up for our newsletter here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A carbon offset is a simple premise: if you take a cross-country flight and are responsible for a half ton of carbon emissions, spend a few dollars to fund the growth of a half ton worth of carbon in the form of a forest. A fossil fuel company can do the same: buy offsets to write off emissions and call it green. But is this just another form of greenwashing? Do carbon offsets bring us closer to carbon-neutrality? Featuring Kaarsten Turner Dalby, Heather Furman, Charlie Stabolepszy, Barbara Haya, Jim Shallow, and Adeniyi Asiyanbi. Sign up for the Outside/In newsletter. Every two weeks we’ll send you episode extras, occasional call-outs to participate in our episodes, and our reading list. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Throughout the 20th century, conservationists and environmentalists have looked to protect wildlife and biodiversity through the creation of parks and other forms of exclusionary wildlife zones. Zones that seek to preserve spaces devoid of human impact - or to create them, by displacing indigenous and poor people who already live there. Today, some academics call this strategy by a pejorative name: Fortress conservation. In this episode, we look at medieval forest law, the early days of Yellowstone National Park, and spreading concern over how conservation efforts are enacted and enforced around the world. Get more Outside/In in your inbox - sign up for our newsletter. Featuring Karl Jacoby, Prakash Kashwan, Rosalyn LaPier, Hadrian Cook, and Vicky Tauli-Corpuz. Find more Outside/In on our website Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices