MinuteEarth
530 episodes — Page 4 of 11
Softwood Hardness
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Janka Scale
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Ancient Humans Made Millions Of These - We Don’t Know Why
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Acheulean handaxe: large, chipped stone objects which represent the oldest, most common, and longest-used formally-shaped working tool in human history. Microscopy: the technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Microlith: small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically a centimeter or so in length and half a centimeter wide. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Why We Haven’t Learned More In 101 Years Of Trying
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: European Eel: A long-lived, snakelike fish native to the rivers of Europe. Eel, Pie, and Mash: A common meal of poorer Englishmen for the last several centuries. Spontaneous Generation: The hypothetical process by which organisms would generate from non-living matter. The Eel Question: A matter of great debate for millenia - specifically: how do eels reproduce and where do they come from? Sargasso Sea: A region of the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Bermuda bounded by four currents forming an ocean gyre that is recognizable by the large presence of Sargassum seaweed. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This Is Not A Bug
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Bug: a small insect, or an insect of a large order distinguished by having mouthparts that are modified for piercing and sucking. Entomology: the branch of zoology concerned with the study of insects. Etymology: the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history. Insect: a small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
How Caffeine Accidentally Took Over The World
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Alkaloid: any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds of plant origin which have pronounced physiological actions on humans. Allelopathy: the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors. Caffeine: a crystalline compound that is found especially in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system. Pesticide: a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to plants or to animals. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Is Pregnancy A Disease?
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Softwood Evolution
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Colloquial and Taxonomic
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You Can’t Actually Die Of Old Age
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Cause of death: the specific injury or disease that leads to death. Death certificate: an official statement, signed by a physician, of the cause, date, and place of a person's death. Geriatrics: a medical specialty focused on providing care for the unique health needs of older adults. Old age: the range of ages nearing and surpassing the life expectancy of human beings Senescence: the condition or process of deterioration with age. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Weird Sex Lives of Bluegills
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Alternative mating strategy: a strategy used by male or female animals, often with distinct phenotypes, that differs from the prevailing mating strategy. Dependent selection: an evolutionary process by which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype depends on the phenotype or genotype composition of a given population. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Disease You Will Never Survive
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Prion: an abnormal pathogenic agent that is transmissible and able to induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins called prion proteins that are found most abundantly in the brain. Spongiform encephalopathies: a group of rare degenerative brain disorders caused by prions and characterized by tiny holes that give the brain a “spongy” appearance. Amyloid: an abnormal aggregate of protein. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is an invariably fatal degenerative brain disorder. Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, and visual disturbances. Later symptoms include dementia, involuntary movements, blindness, weakness, and coma. About 70% of people die within a year of diagnosis. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Why Do Heart Attacks Cause *Arm* Pain?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Nerve: a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs. Nerve impulse: a signal transmitted along a nerve fiber. It consists of a wave of electrical depolarization that reverses the potential difference across the nerve cell membranes. Referred pain: pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus/origin. It is the result of a network of interconnecting sensory nerves that supplies many different tissues. Sensory cortex: the region of the brain that deals with sensory information. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
What Is The Best Shape For A Farm?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Central pivot irrigation: an irrigation system that moves in a circular pattern around a central pivot point Contour farming: tilling sloped land along lines of consistent elevation in order to conserve rainwater and to reduce soil losses from erosion Strip cropping: partitioning a field into long, narrow strips which are alternated in a crop rotation system Terracing: a method of farming consisting of building platforms along a slope MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
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Hardwoods and Softwoods
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When Was The Worst Time In History To Die?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Comorbidity: the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient. Schistosomiasis: a disease caused by liver flukes that has affected humans for more than 100,000 years. Meta-analysis: an examination of data from a number of independent studies of the same subject, in order to determine overall trends. Prehistory: the period between when modern humans first appeared and the dawn of agriculture. Columbian exchange: the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas were introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to North and South America and vice versa. Zoonosis: a disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The 3 Reasons This Tree Has Lived 5000 Years
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Great basin bristlecone pine tree: a species of pine tree that includes many of the longest-lived individual trees on Earth. Bark beetles: the common name for a subfamily of beetles that has destroyed millions of acres of forest across the Western United States. Terpenes: waxy chemicals that increase wood density in certain pine trees. Bark morphology: a trait of certain bristlecones in which strips of exposed wood extend up and down the tree, allowing them to pass nutrients even when other parts of the trunk have died. Dolomite: a type of rock high in magnesium and calcium that turns into extremely alkaline soils. Extremophile: an organism that is tolerant to environmental extremes. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Why It's Impossible To Win a Nuclear War
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Black carbon: groups of linked carbon atoms. Fallout: radioactive particles that are carried into the atmosphere after a nuclear explosion or accident and gradually fall back as dust or in precipitation. Jet stream: a narrow variable band of very strong predominantly westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth. Radiation: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization. Weapon yield: the amount of energy released when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated, usually expressed as a TNT equivalent. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
When Tree Planting Goes Wrong
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Afforestation: the process of introducing trees and tree seedlings to an area that has previously not been forested. Carbon sequestration: a process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in solid or liquid form. Ecological restoration: the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed. Moor: wet, upland habitats characterized by low-growing shrubs, grasses, bog-mosses, and damp, peaty soils. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Which Is Worse: Underpopulation Or Overpopulation?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Overpopulation: a situation in which there are too many people for the amount of food, materials, and space available. Underpopulation: a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living. Exponential growth: a pattern of data that shows greater increases with passing time, creating the curve of an exponential function. Extreme poverty: an income below the international poverty line of ~$2/day Total fertility rate: the average number of children born to each woman over her lifetime. Population bomb: a theory that the human population would grow faster than available food supplies. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Balsa Hardwood
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Dog Years
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What if We Replaced Nuclear With Potatoes
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Calorie: the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules). Energy: power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines. Joule: the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one meter in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour. Watt: the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere. Watt-hour: a measure of electrical energy equivalent to a power consumption of one watt for one hour. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
How We Learned That Water Isn't An Element
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Chemical element: is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their nuclei. Chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction. Atom: is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element. Molecule: is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds. Inflammable air: an old name for hydrogen. Hydrogen: is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe. Early chemists identified hydrogen gas because it was colorless, odorless and highly combustible. Hydrogen means "maker of water" in Greek. Dephlogisticated air: an old name for oxygen. Oxygen: is Earth's most abundant element. Early chemists identified oxygen gas because it was colorless, odorless and was essential for respiration and combustion. Diatomic molecules: are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements. At standard conditions, both hydrogen and oxygen are gasses of diatomic molecules (H2 and O2, respectively). Water: is an inorganic, transparent, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. Combustion (or burning): is a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizing agent (like oxygen gas), that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Electrolysis: is a technique that uses direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Avogadro's Law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis): is an experimental gas law that states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
There’s No Such Thing As “Warm-” Or “Cold-” Blooded
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Thermoregulation: the strategy through which the body maintains its internal temperature. Endotherm: an animal that generates most of its heat internally. Ectotherm: an animal that relies on environmental heat sources. Mesotherm: an animal with an intermediate heat generating strategy. Poikilotherm: an animal whose internal temperature varies considerably. Heterotherm: an animal that sometimes keeps its body temperature the same and sometimes lets it vary. Homeotherm: an animal whose internal temperature does not change much. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Mushroom Wars
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Fungi: Members of a eukaryotic kingdom that have chitin in their cell walls and do not photosynthesize. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Fungi that form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of certain trees. Symbiosis: A close and long-term relationship between two unlike organisms. Saprotrophic Fungi: Fungi that decompose the remains of other biological entities. Gadgil Effect: The phenomenon that occurs when saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi compete in forest soils. Volatile Organic Compounds: Organic compounds that easily evaporate at room temperature. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Couch Candy Protocol
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Species accumulation curve: a graph recording the cumulative number of species recorded as a function of the cumulative effort expended searching for them. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Different Thunders
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Thunder Shockwave
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The Plant You Don’t Have To Water
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Epiphyte: a plant that grows on another plant but does not feed from it MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
We Have No Idea Why
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Bioluminescence: the biochemical emission of light by living organisms such as fireflies and deep-sea fishes. Biofluorescence: The emission of previously absorbed light by fluorescent proteins in a living organism. Luciferin: an organic substance, present in luminescent organisms such as fireflies, that produces light when oxidized by the action of the enzyme luciferase. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
When 90dB is LOUDER than 120dB
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Decibels (dB): a unit used to measure changes in pressure or power. Loudness: the intensity with which a sound is perceived. Weighted decibels (dBA): decibels that try to take into account our sensitivity for different frequencies to better approximate loudness. Frequency: the rate at which something occurs. In the context of sound it usually means 'sound waves per second'. Audible: perceptible for the human ear. High sound: a sound that has a high (fast) frequency Low sound: a sound that has a low (slow) frequency Resonance: When multiple things have a similar frequency they will tend to move together and amplify each other. Echolocation: Using sound to "see". Bats use this to hunt in the dark. Equal loudness contours: Curves that show the sensitivity of the human ear along the frequency spectrum. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Why Weather Forecasts Suck
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Front: a boundary separating air masses of different characteristics, such as air density, wind, temperature, and humidity Frontal rainfall: occurs when a warm air mass comes in contact with a colder air mass Convectional rainfall: occurs when the sun's energy heats the surface of the Earth, causing water to evaporate to form water vapour Nowcasting: weather forecasting limited to periods less than a few hours MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
What Happens When A Volcano Meets a Glacier?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Decompression Melting: Mantle melting that involves the upward movement of Earth's mostly-solid mantle. Flux Melting: Melting that occurs when water and other volatile components are introduced to hot solid rock. Glaciation: the process, condition, or result of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets. Magma: Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Shock wave
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What’s Thunder
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
How Do Abortion Pills Work?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Medication abortion/pill-based abortion: an abortion that uses pills, rather than surgical intervention Self-managed abortion: a pill-based abortion done by an individual without medical guidance Progesterone: a hormone made by the body that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy Cervix: the narrow passage forming the lower end of the uterus Contraction: a shortening of the uterine muscles MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Why Continents Are High
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Tectonic plate: Earth’s rigid outer layer is broken up into a bunch of pieces, called tectonic plates. Usually people think of tectonic plates as the Earth’s crust, but the plates are actually made of the crust PLUS the very top of the mantle, which is cool enough to be rigid and hard and stuck to the crust. The crust and the top of the mantle together are called the “lithosphere.” Underneath that is a part of the mantle called the “asthenosphere,” which is the part that oozes and flows. Subduction Zone: The area where two tectonic plates collide and the denser of the two is forced under and dives down into Earth’s mantle. Mariana Trench: The subduction zone where the Pacific Plate slides under the Philippine Plate. The edge of the Philippine plate is kind of pulled down in the process, creating a deep crevice in Earth’s surface, known as a deep ocean trench. The Mariana Trench is the deepest ocean trench in the world. Granite: A type of igneous rock formed when magma cools slowly underground (creating relatively large crystals). Granite is different from other igneous rocks like basalt because it has a higher percentage of low-density minerals like quartz and feldspar. Oceanic-Continental Convergent Plate Boundary: The boundary between a tectonic plate made of oceanic lithosphere and a tectonic plate made of continental lithosphere. At these “convergent” plate boundaries, the two plates are colliding, and the oceanic plate is forced to subduct, or sink, under the continental plate. Ring of Fire: A long stretch around the Pacific Ocean where plates are colliding. The majority of volcanoes and earthquakes in the world take place along the Ring of Fire. Silicate minerals: These are the low-density minerals like quartz and feldspar. They contain SiO2. Because silicate minerals are thick/viscous when melted, magma with lots of silica in it forms very explosive volcanoes, like Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Tambora. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Our Lungs Have A Fatal Flaw
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Alveolus: any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange. Bronchiole: any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides. PM 2.5: tiny particles or droplets in the air that are two and one half microns or less in width. PM 10: inhalable particles, with diameters that are generally 10 micrometers and smaller. Nasopharynx: the upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Vampire Life is Hard
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Hematophagy: the practice by some species of feeding on the blood of other animals. Hemoglobin: a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Free radicals: unstable atoms that can damage cells. Anticoagulant: a substance that inhibits the coagulation of the blood. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Do Other Diseases Have "Long" Versions?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Sequelae: Chronic complications of an acute condition. RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus infects a majority of children before the age of two. SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a coronavirus-caused respiratory disease responsible for an outbreak in 2002-2003. Cytokine Storm: A sudden increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines that causes a severe immune reaction. Fibrosis: Pathological wound healing that leads to the formation of scar tissue. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Whale Sounds
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Stable Stations
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The Actual Reason Men Die First
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Chromosome: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. Gene: the basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child. Mutation: the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes. Recessive allele: a type of allele which will not be manifested in an individual unless both of the individual's copies of that gene have that particular genotype. Transposon: a chromosomal segment that can undergo transposition, especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole between chromosomal, phage, and plasmid DNA in the absence of a complementary sequence in the host DNA. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Why Is There So Much Land In The North?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Continental drift: An early theory of land movement that posited that the continents floated on the ocean bed. Tetrahedral hypothesis: An early theory that attempted to explain the arrangement of Earth’s continents and oceans based on the geometry of a tetrahedron. Plate tectonics: The generally accepted theory that the Earth’s surface is made up of a series of tectonic plates that slowly move around on top of the mantle. Pangea: The most recent supercontinent to form on Earth, during the late Paleozoic era. Great Rift Valley: A series of contiguous geographic trenches between two tectonic plates where humans first evolved. Aurica: A potential future supercontinent predicted to form in about 200 million years. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Super Secrets of Sewage
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Microbiome - the microorganisms in a particular environment (including the body or a part of the body). Wastewater - water that has been used in the home, in a business, or as part of an industrial process. Viral shedding - releasing a virus into the environment through sneezing, coughing, or feces. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
They all do the same, but we still need them
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Ecological redundancy (also: functional redundancy or functional equivalence): the ecological phenomena that multiple species representing a variety of taxonomic groups can share similar roles in ecosystem functionality Legume: a plant in the Fabaceae family Nitrogen fixation: the chemical process by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Where Will The Next Pandemic Come From?
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Zoonosis: A disease that can be transmitted to humans by animals Hyper reservoirs: Animals that naturally are home to multiple infectious agents. Spillover: Transmission of a zoonosis from an animal reservoir to a human. Life history strategy: An evolutionary strategy that involves tradeoffs among growth, survival, and reproduction. MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info If you like what we do, you can help us! - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Buy our merch: http://dftba.com/minuteearth - Buy our book: https://minuteearth.com/books - Sign up to our newsletter: http://news.minuteearth.com - Share with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Bertha Benz
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