Refining Character: Al-Jahiz's Guide to Moral Excellence

"Tahdhib al-Akhlaq" (Refinement of Character) by Al-Jahiz. The text explores the nature of human ethics, classifying them into virtuous, base, and those contingent on context. It discusses the origins of these traits in the human soul's faculties – the appetitive, the irascible, and the rational – and how these influence behaviour. Furthermore, it offers guidance on cultivating virtuous character and overcoming negative tendencies through self-awareness, reasoned thought, and the pursuit of knowledge. The ultimate aim described is the attainment of human perfection through the comprehensive embrace of moral excellence.

Lisan Arabi لسان عربي