Lex Fridman Podcast

Dmitri Dolgov is the CTO of Waymo, an autonomous vehicle company. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Tryolabs: https://tryolabs.com/lex – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Waymo’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/waymo Waymo’s Website: https://waymo.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:46) – Computer games (12:52) – Childhood (15:24) – Robotics (16:14) – Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (18:26) – DARPA Urban Challenge (28:46) – Waymo origin story (44:27) – Waymo self-driving hardware (53:00) – Connected cars (58:53) – Waymo fully driverless service in Phoenix (1:03:14) – Getting feedback from riders (1:11:28) – Creating a product that people love (1:17:18) – Do self-driving cars need to break the rules like humans do? (1:24:03) – Waymo Trucks (1:29:41) – Future of Waymo (1:42:53) – Role of lidar in autonomous driving (1:55:53) – Machine learning is essential for autonomous driving (1:59:55) – Pedestrians (2:06:32) – Trolley problem (2:11:00) – Book recommendations (2:22:26) – Meaning of life

Michael Mina is an immunologist, epidemiologist, and physician at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Brave: https://brave.com/lex – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmina_lab Michael’s Time article: https://time.com/5912705/covid-19-stop-spread-christmas/ Rapid Tests: https://www.rapidtests.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:28) – Interacting between viruses and bacteria (11:42) – Deadlier viruses (15:13) – Will COVID-19 mutate? (16:47) – Rapid testing (34:11) – PCR vs rapid antigen tests (43:55) – Medical industrial complex (47:47) – Lex takes COVID test (54:32) – FDA and cheap tests (57:17) – Explanation of Elon Musk’s positive COVID tests (1:04:25) – Role of testing during vaccine deployment (1:07:54) – Public health policy (1:17:34) – A weather system for viruses (1:34:26) – Can a virus kill all humans? (1:40:05) – Engineering a deadly virus (1:44:47) – AlphaFold 2 and viruses (1:50:42) – Advice for young people (1:58:50) – Time as a Buddhist monk (2:04:54) – Meditation (2:12:32) – Meaning of life

Matthew W. Johnson is a professor and psychedelics researcher at Johns Hopkins. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Brave: https://brave.com/lex – Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Matt’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/Drug_Researcher Matt’s Website: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0800020/matthew-johnson Study Website: https://hopkinspsychedelic.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:31) – Introduction to psychedelics (22:33) – Psychedelics expand the mind (25:44) – The priors we bring to the psychedelic experience (29:40) – Elon Musk and first principles thinking (40:10) – DMT (51:32) – Joe Rogan and DMT (57:40) – The nature of drug addiction (1:11:29) – The economics of drug pricing (1:17:44) – Should we legalize all drugs? (1:29:46) – What is the most dangerous drug? (1:32:20) – Does drug prohibition work? (1:36:14) – Cocaine and sex (1:43:15) – Risky sexual decisions (1:54:12) – Psilocybin helping people quit smoking (2:00:30) – Young Jamie (2:22:38) – Participating in a study (2:29:57) – Psychedelics and the human mind (2:37:20) – The future of psychedelics (2:40:01) – Neuralink (2:49:33) – Consciousness (3:02:15) – Panpsychism (3:12:20) – Aliens and DMT (3:22:24) – Mortality (3:32:12) – Meaning of life

Michael Littman is a computer scientist at Brown University. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 2 for price of 1 – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/mlittmancs Michael’s Website: https://www.littmania.com/ Michael’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/mlittman PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:43) – Robot and Frank (10:02) – Music (13:13) – Starring in a TurboTax commercial (23:26) – Existential risks of AI (41:48) – Reinforcement learning (1:07:36) – AlphaGo and David Silver (1:17:15) – Will neural networks achieve AGI? (1:29:42) – Bitter Lesson (1:42:32) – Does driving require a theory of mind? (1:51:58) – Book Recommendations (1:57:20) – Meaning of life

John Clarke is a BJJ black belt and MMA coach. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Theragun: https://theragun.com/lex to get 30 day trial – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get free shipping – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get $200 off – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Broadway Jiu Jitsu website: https://www.broadwayjiujitsu.com Broadway Jiu Jitsu instagram: https://www.instagram.com/broadwayjiujitsu Please, Allow Me podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/please-allow-me/id1531735873 Please, Allow Me instagram: https://www.instagram.com/please_allow_me_podcast/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:25) – The great American road trip (25:54) – Martial arts and philosophy (28:55) – Real vs fake success on Instagram (39:40) – The brutal honesty of Mike Tyson (44:26) – Breaking your opponent in wrestling (52:32) – Genghis Khan (1:03:38) – It’s okay to change your mind (1:08:15) – Why do politicians become inauthentic (1:14:52) – Greatness requires sacrifice (1:17:36) – Whiplash (1:25:44) – Relationships (1:31:21) – Greatest fighters of all time (1:39:02) – Greatest fight of all time (1:53:25) – Khabib Nurmagomedov (1:55:13) – Can Conor McGregor beat Khabib Nurmagomedov? (2:09:29) – Conor vs Khabib 2 (2:16:05) – Will there always be war? (2:17:41) – Future of civilization (2:19:52) – Kids (2:26:37) – The meaning of a “like” on social media (2:35:34) – Starting a podcast (2:54:16) – Book recommendations (2:57:46) – Keeping the independence of solitude

Manolis Kellis is a computational biologist at MIT. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Manolis Website: http://web.mit.edu/manoli/ Manolis Twitter: https://twitter.com/manoliskellis Manolis YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkKlJ5LHrE3C7fgbnPA5DGA PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:48) – Music and life (46:21) – The number 42 (52:22) – The question about the meaning of life (55:02) – Are humans unique in the universe? (1:00:46) – Human civilization (1:12:52) – Mars (1:14:45) – Human mind and the abstraction layers of reality (1:25:38) – Neural networks and intelligence (1:32:55) – Ideas as organisms (1:42:19) – Language (1:53:34) – Legacy (2:08:25) – Poems SONGS MENTIONED: [1] Dwros Gewrgiadis – An imoun plousios https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7akZoEQv6jI [2] Grigoris Bithikotsis – Ftoxologia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyGR24O0KQ8 [3] Sto perigiali to kryfo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-GBPx_GXQw [4] Michael Jackson – Man in the Mirror https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zqe5NP86OCc [5] George Michael – Careless Whisper https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izGwDsrQ1eQ [6] Gainsbourg with Isabelle Adjani – Pull Marine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7MwHGHWgLk [7] Georges Moustaki – Le meteque https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV8fGf-N06A [8] Jacques Brel – Ne me quitte pas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_bq5mStroM [9] Sting – Englishman In New York https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d27gTrPPAyk [10] Sting – Fragile https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lB6a-iD6ZOY [11] Pink Floyd – The Wall (When the Tigers Broke Free) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9b9UhFe6Eg [12] Pink Floyd – The Wall (One Of My Turns) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOay-7aqLks [13] Sting – Russians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHylQRVN2Qs [14] Joni Mitchell – Both sides now https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCnf46boC3I [15] Leonard Cohen – I’m Your Man https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOnXe8ttmjY [16] Alison Krauss & Union Station – The Lucky One https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcRZ_J_VgNc

Erik Brynjolfsson is an economist at Stanford. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Vincero: https://vincerowatches.com/lex to get up to 25% off + free shipping – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Erik’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/erikbryn Erik’s Website: https://www.brynjolfsson.com/ The Second Machine Age (book): https://amzn.to/33f1Pk2 Machine, Platform, Crowd (book): https://amzn.to/3miJZ76 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:23) – Exponential growth (12:51) – Elon Musk exponential thinking (15:08) – Moore’s law is a series of revolutions (20:31) – GPT-3 (22:09) – Autonomous vehicles (29:11) – Electricity (33:40) – Productivity (38:47) – Why is Twitter and Facebook free? (49:03) – Dismantling the nature of truth (52:24) – Nutpicking and Cancel Culture (58:39) – How will AI change our world (1:04:40) – Existential threats (1:06:33) – AI and the nature of work (1:12:39) – Thoughts on Andrew Yang and UBI (1:18:30) – Economics of innovation (1:24:37) – Effect of COVID on the economy (1:33:50) – MIT and Stanford (1:38:23) – Book recommendations (1:41:28) – Meaning of life

Lisa Feldman Barrett is a neuroscientist, psychologist, and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get $200 off – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off annual sub – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Seven and a Half Lessons About the Brain (book): https://amzn.to/2Sp5ar9 How Emotions Are Made (book): https://amzn.to/2GwAFg6 Lisa’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/LFeldmanBarrett Lisa’s Website: https://lisafeldmanbarrett.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:27) – Falling in love (25:10) – Love at first sight (39:49) – Romantic (43:48) – Writing process (54:32) – Evolution of the human brain (1:08:41) – Nature of evil (1:17:23) – Love is an evolutionary advantage (1:21:59) – Variation in species (1:27:41) – Does evolution have a direction? (1:45:19) – Love with an inanimate object (1:49:37) – Just be yourself is confusing advice (1:59:49) – Consciousness (2:06:26) – Book recommendations

Andrew Huberman is a neuroscientist at Stanford. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get $200 off – SEMrush: https://www.semrush.com/partner/lex/ to get a free month of Guru – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Andrew’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Andrew’s Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_D._Huberman Andrew’s Website: http://www.hubermanlab.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:24) – Fear (14:36) – Virtual reality (18:20) – Claustrophobia (20:08) – Skydiving (21:43) – Overcoming fears (26:43) – Optimal performance (29:57) – Deep work (45:22) – Psychedelics (49:08) – Deep work (1:02:48) – Everything in the brain is an abstraction (1:10:06) – Human vision system (1:21:42) – Neuralink (1:49:12) – Science of consciousness (2:04:00) – David Goggins (2:21:04) – Science communication (2:28:36) – Man’s Search for Meaning

Yaron Brook is a objectivist philosopher, podcaster, and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Yaron’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/yaronbrook Yaron Brook Show (YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/user/ybrook Free Market Revolution (book): https://amzn.to/32H0oLb Equal is Unfair (book): https://amzn.to/32K3NsC PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:28) – Principles of a life well lived (14:35) – Free will (20:50) – Nature of reality (29:28) – Ayn Rand (1:01:11) – Objectivism (1:26:29) – Godel Incompleteness Theorem (1:31:36) – Capitalism (2:01:22) – Virtue of selfishness (2:11:27) – Win-win (2:17:31) – Anarchy (2:36:24) – Tribalism and division (2:40:42) – Objectivism and Jordan Peterson on personal responsibility

Alex Filippenko is an astrophysicist and professor of astronomy at Berkeley. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off annual sub – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Alex’s Website: https://astro.berkeley.edu/people/alex-filippenko/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:36) – Universe expansion (08:00) – Dark energy (15:28) – Scientific revolutions (27:18) – Asteroid hitting Earth (30:50) – Giant solar flares and the power grid (37:50) – Elon Musk and space exploration (42:41) – Exoplanets (50:03) – Traveling close to the speed of light (52:13) – Traveling faster than the speed of light (1:00:39) – Intelligent life in the universe (1:04:14) – Fermi Paradox (1:13:52) – Finding alien life would be bad news (1:18:49) – UFO sightings (1:31:58) – Universe expansion speed (1:36:42) – The universe is infinite (1:40:58) – What happened before the Big Bang? (1:45:14) – Roger Penrose (1:48:48) – Nobel Prize for the accelerating universe (2:10:23) – Supernova (2:21:47) – The greatest story ever told (2:25:44) – Richard Feynman (2:32:37) – Meaning of life

Dan Carlin is a historian, political thinker, and podcaster. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get free vitamin D – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get free shipping – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Dan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/hardcorehistory Dan’s Website: https://www.dancarlin.com/ Hardcore History podcast: https://apple.co/2HX7hAA Common Sense podcast: https://apple.co/3mM6WPZ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:53) – Nature of evil (14:50) – Is violence and force fundamental to human civilization? (19:58) – Will we always have war? (29:38) – The Russian front in World War II (37:32) – Ideologies of the US, the Soviet Union, and China (50:15) – Putin (1:02:50) – Journalism is broken (1:10:16) – Genghis Khan (1:24:36) – Greatest leader in history (1:32:21) – Could Hitler have been stopped? (1:49:21) – Hitler’s Antisemitism (1:55:12) – Destructive power of evil (2:04:26) – Will human civilization destroy itself? (2:16:31) – Elon Musk, Tesla, SpaceX (2:24:53) – Steering around the iceberg – wow do we avoid collapse of society? (2:47:00) – Advice on podcasting (2:50:12) – Joe Rogan, Spotify, and the future of podcasting (3:05:19) – Future episodes of Hardcore History podcast (3:20:21) – Is Ben real? (3:21:05) – Meaning of life

Charles Isbell is the Dean of the College of Computing at Georgia Tech. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – Decoding Digital: https://appdirect.com/decoding-digital – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off annual sub – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Charles’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/isbellHFh Charles’s Website: https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~isbell/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:16) – Top 3 movies of all time (13:26) – People are easily predictable (19:08) – Breaking out of our bubbles (30:54) – Interactive AI (37:26) – Lifelong machine learning (45:53) – Faculty hiring (53:27) – University rankings (1:00:55) – Science communicators (1:10:20) – Hip hop (1:19:20) – Funk (1:20:44) – Computing (1:36:35) – Race (1:52:40) – Cop story (2:01:01) – Racial tensions (2:10:23) – MLK vs Malcolm X (2:13:44) – Will human civilization destroy itself? (2:18:14) – Fear of death and the passing of time

Eric Weinstein is a mathematical physicist, podcaster, and intellectual. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – Sun Basket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off – SEMrush: https://www.semrush.com/partner/lex/ to get a free month of Guru – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Eric’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/EricRWeinstein Eric’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/ericweinsteinphd The Portal podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-portal/id1469999563 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. 00:00 – Introduction 07:46 – Eddie Van Halen 15:26 – Leonard Cohen 23:22 – Battle between ego and humility 28:38 – Darkness and beauty 35:20 – Jimi Hendrix 38:08 – Good Will Hunting 42:16 – Revolutionary minds 53:49 – Next Elon Musk should come from MIT 58:14 – Love with save the world 1:03:30 – Are we headed toward a civil war? 1:15:04 – Joe Rogan 1:28:52 – Our political leaders 1:34:11 – Younger people should have more power 1:44:30 – The Portal 2:09:20 – Money 2:11:26 – Roger Penrose 2:19:06 – Jeffrey Epstein 2:37:44 – We need to get off this planet 2:40:41 – An update on Geometric Unity 2:46:33 – Gratitude

Manolis Kellis is a computational biologist at MIT. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – SEMrush: https://www.semrush.com/partner/lex/ to get a free month of Guru – Pessimists Archive: https://pessimists.co/ – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get $200 off – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Manolis Website: http://web.mit.edu/manoli/ Manolis Twitter: https://twitter.com/manoliskellis Manolis YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkKlJ5LHrE3C7fgbnPA5DGA Manolis Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manolis_Kellis PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. 00:00 – Introduction 08:05 – Molecular basis for human disease 32:04 – Deadliest diseases 37:47 – Genetic component of diseases 46:38 – Genetic understanding of disease 1:02:25 – Unified theory of human disease 1:08:26 – Genome circuitry 1:33:29 – CRISPR 1:45:06 – Mitochondria 1:53:10 – Future of biology research 2:22:46 – The genetic circuitry of disease

George Hotz (geohot) is a programmer, hacker, and the founder of Comma.ai. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 40% & free shipping – Decoding Digital: https://appdirect.com/decoding-digital – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Comma.ai’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/comma_ai Comma.ai’s Website: https://comma.ai/ George’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/georgehotz George’s Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/georgehotz George’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/realgeorgehotz Comma.ai YouTube (unofficial): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwgKmJM4ZJQRJ-U5NjvR2dg PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. 00:00 – Introduction 07:02 – Will human civilization destroy itself? 09:49 – Where are the aliens? 14:36 – Tic Tac UFO and Bob Lazar 17:04 – Conspiracy theories 19:07 – The programming language of life 23:28 – The games that humans play 31:58 – Memory leaks in the simulation 34:29 – Theories of everything 36:14 – Ethereum startup story 44:02 – Cryptocurrency 53:28 – Self-help advice 57:08 – Comma.ai 59:02 – Comma two 1:07:50 – Tesla vs Comma.ai 1:16:53 – Driver monitoring 1:30:34 – Communicating uncertainty 1:32:22 – Tesla Dojo 1:38:50 – Tesla Autopilot big rewrite 1:45:09 – How to install the Comma Two 1:49:44 – Openpilot is Android & Autopilot is iOS 1:58:59 – Waymo 2:10:12 – Autonomous driving and society 2:12:24 – Moving 2:15:29 – Advice to Startups 2:28:32 – Programming setup 2:31:32 – Ideas that changed my life 2:39:37 – GPT-3 2:42:57 – AGI 2:47:00 – Programming languages that everyone should learn 2:53:33 – How to learn anything 2:56:05 – Book recommendations 3:04:28 – Love 3:06:17 – Psychedelics 3:08:38 – Crazy

Chris Lattner is a world-class software & hardware engineer, leading projects at Apple, Tesla, Google, and SiFive. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free week of premium – Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off annual sub – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Chris’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/clattner_llvm Chris’s Website: http://nondot.org/sabre/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. 00:00 – Introduction 07:12 – Working with Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, Jeff Dean 12:42 – Why do programming languages matter? 18:42 – Python vs Swift 29:35 – Design decisions 34:53 – Types 38:41 – Programming languages are a bicycle for the mind 41:13 – Picking what language to learn 47:12 – Most beautiful feature of a programming language 56:36 – Walrus operator 1:06:03 – LLVM 1:11:15 – MLIR compiler framework 1:15:21 – SiFive semiconductor design 1:27:56 – Moore’s Law 1:31:09 – Parallelization 1:35:37 – Swift concurrency manifesto 1:46:26 – Running a neural network fast 1:52:03 – Is the universe a quantum computer? 1:57:44 – Effects of the pandemic on society 2:14:56 – GPT-3 2:19:15 – Software 2.0 2:32:41 – Advice for young people 2:37:24 – Meaning of life

Scott Aaronson is a quantum computer scientist. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get $200 off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex and use code LEX to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Scott’s Blog: https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/ Our previous episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uX5t8EivCaM PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. 00:00 – Introduction 07:46 – Simulation 12:38 – Theories of everything 18:18 – Consciousness 40:32 – Roger Penrose on consciousness 50:44 – Turing test 54:31 – GPT-3 1:03:02 – Universality of computation 1:09:33 – Complexity 1:15:38 – P vs NP 1:27:57 – Complexity of quantum computation 1:40:03 – Pandemic 1:53:49 – Love

Lisa Feldman Barrett is a neuroscientist, psychologist, and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get free vitamin D3/K2 – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get free shipping – Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Seven and a Half Lessons About the Brain (book): https://amzn.to/2Sp5ar9 How Emotions Are Made (book): https://amzn.to/2GwAFg6 Lisa’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/LFeldmanBarrett Lisa’s Website: https://lisafeldmanbarrett.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. 00:00 – Introduction 06:35 – Are we alone in the universe? 08:03 – Life on Earth 12:55 – Collective intelligence of human brains 21:43 – Triune brain 27:52 – The predicting brain 35:48 – How the brain evolved 41:47 – Free will 50:40 – Is anything real? 1:03:13 – Dreams 1:09:00 – Emotions are human-constructed concepts 1:34:29 – Are women more emotional than men? 1:43:05 – Empathy 2:14:46 – Love 2:18:40 – Mortality 2:20:16 – Meaning of life

Michael Malice is a political thinker, podcaster, and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – SEMrush: https://www.semrush.com/partner/lex/ to get a free month of Guru – DoorDash: https://doordash.com/ and use code LEX to get $5 off – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off annual sub EPISODE LINKS: Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmalice Michael’s Community: https://malice.locals.com/ Michael’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5tj5QCpJKIl-KIa4Gib5Xw Michael’s Website: http://michaelmalice.com/about/ Your Welcome podcast: https://bit.ly/30q8oz1 The New Right (book): https://amzn.to/34gxLo3 Dear Reader (book): https://amzn.to/2HPPlHS PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. 00:00 – Introduction 04:15 – Sponsors 07:58 – Putin and the Russian soul 15:01 – Love and trolling 25:31 – Problem with government 31:03 – Anarchism 53:07 – Politics 54:59 – Are most people capable of thinking deeply? 1:02:08 – Willy Wonka and Albert Camus view of life 1:08:08 – Trolling 1:12:26 – Conspiracy theories 1:29:43 – Donald Trump and the Election 1:36:58 – Trump Biden presidential debates 1:41:15 – Journalism is broken 1:47:56 – Communism 1:54:02 – Presidential candidates 2:04:34 – Libertarian party 2:14:56 – Objectivism 2:24:17 – Trolling 2:35:21 – The New Right 2:43:29 – Cancel culture 3:13:17 – Book recommendations 3:18:08 – Fear of mortality 3:21:08 – Meaning of life

Joe Rogan is a comedian, UFC commentator, and the host of the Joe Rogan Experience. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX – Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX – Dollar Shave Club: https://dollarshaveclub.com/lex Episode Links: Joe’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/joerogan Joe’s Twitter: http://twitter.com/joerogan JRE (Spotify): https://open.spotify.com/show/4rOoJ6Egrf8K2IrywzwOMk JRE (Apple): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-joe-rogan-experience/id360084272 JRE (YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzQUP1qoWDoEbmsQxvdjxgQ If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:17 – Fear of mortality 06:48 – Chaos of 2020 and beyond 10:32 – Are we going to be okay? 19:30 – Violence, competition, and Sober October 26:45 – Mike Tyson 27:49 – Managing obsession 30:13 – Jiu jitsu game 35:55 – Best martial art for self defense 39:30 – Guns 43:59 – Memorable JRE moments 49:31 – Ideas breed in brains of humans 56:08 – Advice for Lex 1:06:09 – Long-form conversation 1:12:28 – Meaning of life

James Gosling is the founder and lead designer of the Java programming language. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – Public Goods: https://publicgoods.com/lex and use code LEX – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex – ExpressVPN: https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 0:00 – Introduction 4:45 – Irrational numbers 8:04 – Math and programming 10:36 – Coding style 14:41 – First computer 23:54 – Lisp 27:22 – Write an Emacs implementation in C 35:15 – Early days of the Internet 45:57 – Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos 56:13 – Work hard and smart 58:48 – Open source 1:10:25 – Java 1:28:31 – Java virtual machine 1:44:05 – Android 1:47:04 – Advice

Ryan Hall is a jiu jitsu black belt, UFC fighter, and a philosopher of the martial arts. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – PowerDot, use code LEX: https://powerdot.com/lex – Babbel: https://babbel.com and use code LEX – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 0:00 – Introduction 7:22 – Greatest warrior in history 11:48 – Genghis Khan 17:32 – Nature is metal 21:49 – Cancel culture 36:11 – Sci-fi books and movies 44:50 – Essence of jiu jitsu 51:17 – Jiu jitsu is a language 1:01:12 – How to get started in jiu jitsu 1:14:01 – The value of a good coach 1:25:42 – Lex training with Ryan 1:31:06 – Toxicity on the internet 1:34:41 – Joe Rogan 1:42:25 – Alex Jones 2:07:02 – Donald Trump 2:09:45 – The American ideal 2:17:33 – What does it take to be a jiu jitsu black belt 2:49:06 – Elon Musk 2:57:39 – Fighting BJ Penn 3:04:13 – Conor McGregor 3:12:08 – How to beat Khabib Nurmagomedov 3:16:00 – Top MMA fighters of all time 3:24:41 – Mike Tyson 3:41:13 – Fear of death

Stephen Wolfram is a computer scientist, mathematician, and theoretical physicist. This is our second conversation on the podcast. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex – Sun Basket, use code LEX: https://sunbasket.com/lex – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 07:14 – Key moments in history of physics 12:43 – Philosophy of science 14:37 – Science and computational reducibility 22:08 – Predicting the pandemic 38:58 – Sunburn moment with Wolfram Alpha 39:46 – Computational irreducibility 46:45 – Theory of everything 52:41 – General relativity 1:01:16 – Quantum mechanics 1:06:46 – Unifying the laws of physics 1:12:01 – Wolfram Physics Project 1:29:53 – Emergence of time 1:34:11 – Causal invariance 1:53:03 – Deriving physics from simple rules on hypergraphs 2:07:24 – Einstein equations 2:13:04 – Simulating the physics of the universe 2:17:28 – Hardware specs of the simulation 2:24:37 – Quantum mechanics in Wolfram physics model 2:42:46 – Double-slit experiment 2:45:13 – Quantum computers 2:53:21 – Getting started with Wolfram physics project 3:14:46 – The rules that created our universe 3:24:22 – Alien intelligences 3:32:29 – Meta-mathematics 3:37:58 – Why is math hard? 3:52:55 – Sabine Hossenfelder and how beauty leads physics astray 4:01:07 – Eric Weinstein and Geometric Unity 4:06:17 – Travel faster than speed of light 4:16:59 – Why does the universe exist at all

Manolis Kellis is a professor at MIT and head of the MIT Computational Biology Group. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – Public Goods: https://publicgoods.com/lex and use code LEX – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex link & using code LEX at checkout – ExpressVPN: https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod Lex Fridman Podcast survey mentioned in the intro: https://www.surveygizmo.com/s3/5833660/Lex-Fridman-Podcast-Survey If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 06:20 – Epigenome 10:28 – Evolution 15:26 – Neanderthals 27:15 – Origin of life on Earth 43:44 – Life is a fight against physics 49:56 – Life as a set of transformations 51:35 – Time scales 1:00:31 – Transformations of ideas in human civilization 1:05:19 – Life is more than a rat race 1:13:18 – Life sucks sometimes and that’s okay 1:30:16 – Getting older 1:36:21 – The best of MIT 1:49:01 – Poem 1: The Snow 2:01:52 – Love 2:06:16 – Poem 2: The Tide Waters

David Fravor is a navy pilot of 18 years and a primary witness in one of the most credible UFO sightings in history, video of which has been released by the Pentagon and reported on by the NY Times. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex – ExpressVPN: https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 07:13 – Top Gun 12:06 – Navy pilot career 24:14 – AI is the third brain of a jet fighter 40:37 – Sully 47:34 – Landing a jet fighter on a carrier 53:18 – What’s it like to fly a jet fighter? 1:05:22 – Greatest plane ever made 1:11:04 – The Tic Tac UFO story 1:49:16 – Intelligent extraterrestrial life 1:53:30 – Why aren’t UFOs investigated more seriously 1:59:52 – Tic Tac UFO details 2:07:55 – What do you think the Tic Tac was? 2:16:23 – SpaceX 2:30:01 – Response to Mick West Debunking 2:48:24 – Was the Tic Tac a secret military test? 3:00:07 – Is the government in possession of alien spacecraft? 3:25:28 – Interesting UFO sightings in history 3:39:55 – Advice for Young People 3:47:47 – Meaning of life

My attempt to find the words to honor my grandmother, an amazing woman who is responsible for much of who I am, who taught me how to be a man, taught me about strength, about wisdom, about compassion, about love. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – In memory of my grandmother 02:00 – Lesson 1: Mental Toughness 04:31 – Lesson 2: Strength 07:25 – Lesson 3: Wisdom 08:46 – Lesson 4: Believe in Yourself 12:13 – Lesson 5: Love 15:37 – Poem

Eugenia Kuyda co-founder of Replika, an AI companion. Please check out our sponsors to get a discount and to support this podcast: – Dollar Shave Club: https://dollarshaveclub.com/lex – DoorDash: download app & use code LEX – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: Eugenia’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/ekuyda Replika’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/myreplika Replika’s Website: https://replika.ai If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 06:18 – Loneliness 13:54 – Can AI alleviate loneliness? 18:13 – Love 20:49 – Russia in the 1990’s 31:47 – Chernobyl 41:35 – Communism 49:21 – Losing a friend 57:55 – Mortality 1:10:41 – Replika origin story 1:59:37 – Bringing people back to life with AI 2:05:37 – Relationship with Replika 2:18:27 – Can you form a connection with text alone? 2:27:45 – Does an AI companion need a body? 2:30:20 – Her 2:37:24 – GPT-3 for conversation 2:43:48 – We should be nice to AI 2:46:52 – Book recommendations 2:53:45 – Russian language 2:58:41 – Meaning of life

My thoughts on 8 possible long-term futures of Neuralink after attending the August 2020 progress update. This is a solo episode #2 of the podcast. Hopefully it’s interesting to some folks. The aim is for these episodes to be focused on a particular topic, at times challenging, at times personal, at times exciting to me on a technical and philosophical level like the episode today. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 04:42 – 1. Alleviating Suffering 07:25 – 2. Consciousness and Intelligence 11:39 – 3. Augmented Body, Mind, and Reality 13:42 – 4. Gaming & Virtual Reality 16:25 – 5. Merging Tech & Biology 19:40 – 6. Telepathy 22:58 – 7. Memories & Immortality 28:04 – 8. Merging with AI

François Chollet is an AI researcher at Google and creator of Keras. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors (and get discount): – Babbel: https://babbel.com and use code LEX – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: Francois’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/fchollet Francois’s Website: https://fchollet.com/ On the Measure of Intelligence (paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547 If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:04 – Early influence 06:23 – Language 12:50 – Thinking with mind maps 23:42 – Definition of intelligence 42:24 – GPT-3 53:07 – Semantic web 57:22 – Autonomous driving 1:09:30 – Tests of intelligence 1:13:59 – Tests of human intelligence 1:27:18 – IQ tests 1:35:59 – ARC Challenge 1:59:11 – Generalization 2:09:50 – Turing Test 2:20:44 – Hutter prize 2:27:44 – Meaning of life

David Eagleman is a neuroscientist at Stanford. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: David’s Website: https://www.eagleman.com/ David’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/davideagleman Livewired (book): https://amzn.to/3ba4ezv If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:05 – Livewired 16:39 – Hardware vs software 25:53 – Brain-computer interfaces 35:12 – 2020 is a challenge for neuroplasticity 46:08 – Free will 50:43 – Nature of evil 58:55 – Psychiatry 1:06:28 – GPT-3 1:13:31 – Intelligence in the brain 1:21:51 – Neosensory 1:31:27 – Book recommendations 1:34:07 – Meaning of life 1:36:53 – Advice for young people

New podcast name. New Russian hitman thumbnail. Everything else stays the same. AI is still my passion, but this gives me a bit more freedom to talk to interesting folks from all over. Thanks for the support & the love. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon.

Grant Sanderson is a math educator and creator of 3Blue1Brown. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Dollar Shave Club: https://dollarshaveclub.com/lex – DoorDash: download app & use code LEX – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: 3Blue1Brown: http://youtube.com/3blue1brown Grant’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/3blue1brown If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:13 – Richard Feynman 09:41 – Learning deeply vs broadly 13:56 – Telling a story with visualizations 18:43 – Topology 23:52 – Intuition about exponential growth 32:28 – Elon Musk’s exponential view of the world 40:09 – SpaceX and space exploration 45:28 – Origins of the Internet 49:50 – Does teaching on YouTube get lonely? 54:31 – Daily routine 1:00:20 – Social media 1:10:38 – Online education in a time of COVID 1:27:03 – Joe Rogan moving to Spotify 1:32:09 – Neural networks 1:38:30 – GPT-3 1:46:52 – Manim 1:51:01 – Python 1:56:21 – Theory of everything 2:03:53 – Meaning of life

Sheldon Solomon is a social psychologist, a philosopher, co-developer of Terror Management Theory, co-author of The Worm at the Core. Please support this channel by supporting our sponsors: – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex – ExpressVPN at https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod – Cash App: download app & use code “LexPodcast” Episode links: Sheldon’s Website: https://www.skidmore.edu/psychology/faculty/solomon.php The Worm at the Core (book): https://amzn.to/31hQAXH Denial of Death (book): https://amzn.to/329Zxl4 If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/podcast or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:34 – Role of death in life 22:57 – Jordan Peterson 53:02 – Humans are both selfish and cooperative 56:57 – Civilization collapse 1:10:07 – Meditating on your mortality 1:16:10 – Kierkegaard and Heidegger 1:33:25 – Elon Musk 1:36:56 – Thinking deeply about death 1:45:53 – Religion 1:56:59 – Consciousness 2:03:39 – Why is Ernest Becker not better known 2:07:09 – AI and mortality 2:21:07 – Academia should welcome renegade thinkers 2:36:33 – Book recommendations 2:43:23 – Advice for young people 2:48:17 – Meaning of life

Sara Seager is a planetary scientist at MIT, known for her work on the search for exoplanets. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors. Click links, get discount: – Public Goods at https://publicgoods.com/lex and use code LEX – PowerDot: https://powerdot.com/lex and use code LEX – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w Episode links: Sara’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/profsaraseager Sara’s Website: https://www.saraseager.com/ The Smallest Lights in the Universe (book): https://amzn.to/3g3LfHA If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:32 – Falling in love with the stars 09:55 – Are we alone in the universe? 15:27 – Seager equation for number of habitable planets 27:48 – Exoplanets 34:44 – Earth-like exoplanets 40:43 – Intelligent life 52:34 – Number of planets per star 55:09 – Space exploration 57:36 – Traveling to Proxima Centauri 1:00:52 – Starshade 1:07:34 – Using the sun as a gravitational lens 1:09:44 – Starshot 1:12:45 – Rogue planets 1:15:44 – The Smallest Lights in the Universe 1:30:15 – Book recommendations 1:37:48 – Advice for a young person 1:39:29 – Meaning of life

Dileep George is a researcher at the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence, co-founder of Vicarious, formerly co-founder of Numenta. From the early work on Hierarchical temporal memory to Recursive Cortical Networks to today, Dileep’s always sought to engineer intelligence that is closely inspired by the human brain. Support this channel by supporting our sponsors. Click links, get discount: – Babbel: https://babbel.com and use code LEX – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex – Raycon: https://buyraycon.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 0:00 – Introduction 4:50 – Building a model of the brain 17:11 – Visual cortex 27:50 – Probabilistic graphical models 31:35 – Encoding information in the brain 36:56 – Recursive Cortical Network 51:09 – Solving CAPTCHAs algorithmically 1:06:48 – Hype around brain-inspired AI 1:18:21 – How does the brain learn? 1:21:32 – Perception and cognition 1:25:43 – Open problems in brain-inspired AI 1:30:33 – GPT-3 1:40:41 – Memory 1:45:08 – Neuralink 1:51:32 – Consciousness 1:57:59 – Book recommendations 2:06:49 – Meaning of life

Russ Tedrake is a roboticist and professor at MIT and vice president of robotics research at TRI. He works on control of robots in interesting, complicated, underactuated, stochastic, difficult to model situations. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors. Click links, get discount: – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex & use code LEX at checkout – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex – ExpressVPN: https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 04:29 – Passive dynamic walking 09:40 – Animal movement 13:34 – Control vs Dynamics 15:49 – Bipedal walking 20:56 – Running barefoot 33:01 – Think rigorously with machine learning 44:05 – DARPA Robotics Challenge 1:07:14 – When will a robot become UFC champion 1:18:32 – Black Mirror Robot Dog 1:34:01 – Robot control 1:47:00 – Simulating robots 2:00:33 – Home robotics 2:03:40 – Soft robotics 2:07:25 – Underactuated robotics 2:20:42 – Touch 2:28:55 – Book recommendations 2:40:08 – Advice to young people 2:44:20 – Meaning of life

Manolis Kellis is a professor at MIT and head of the MIT Computational Biology Group. He is interested in understanding the human genome from a computational, evolutionary, biological, and other cross-disciplinary perspectives. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex – Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:54 – Human genome 17:47 – Sources of knowledge 29:15 – Free will 33:26 – Simulation 35:17 – Biological and computing 50:10 – Genome-wide evolutionary signatures 56:54 – Evolution of COVID-19 1:02:59 – Are viruses intelligent? 1:12:08 – Humans vs viruses 1:19:39 – Engineered pandemics 1:23:23 – Immune system 1:33:22 – Placebo effect 1:35:39 – Human genome source code 1:44:40 – Mutation 1:51:46 – Deep learning 1:58:08 – Neuralink 2:07:07 – Language 2:15:19 – Meaning of life

Ian Hutchinson is a nuclear engineer and plasma physicist at MIT. He has made a number of important contributions in plasma physics including the magnetic confinement of plasmas seeking to enable fusion reactions, which is the energy source of the stars, to be used for practical energy production. Current nuclear reactors are based on fission as we discuss. Ian has also written on the philosophy of science and the relationship between science and religion. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Sun Basket, use code LEX: https://sunbasket.com/lex – PowerDot, use code LEX: https://powerdot.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:32 – Nuclear physics and plasma physics 08:00 – Fusion energy 35:22 – Nuclear weapons 42:06 – Existential risks 50:29 – Personal journey in religion 56:27 – What is God like? 1:01:34 – Scientism 1:04:21 – Atheism 1:06:39 – Not knowing 1:09:57 – Faith 1:13:46 – The value of loyalty and love 1:23:26 – Why is there suffering in the world 1:35:08 – AGI 1:40:27 – Consciousness 1:48:14 – Simulation 1:52:20 – Adam and Eve 1:54:57 – Meaning of life

Richard Karp is a professor at Berkeley and one of the most important figures in the history of theoretical computer science. In 1985, he received the Turing Award for his research in the theory of algorithms, including the development of the Edmonds–Karp algorithm for solving the maximum flow problem on networks, Hopcroft–Karp algorithm for finding maximum cardinality matchings in bipartite graphs, and his landmark paper in complexity theory called “Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems”, in which he proved 21 problems to be NP-complete. This paper was probably the most important catalyst in the explosion of interest in the study of NP-completeness and the P vs NP problem. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:50 – Geometry 09:46 – Visualizing an algorithm 13:00 – A beautiful algorithm 18:06 – Don Knuth and geeks 22:06 – Early days of computers 25:53 – Turing Test 30:05 – Consciousness 33:22 – Combinatorial algorithms 37:42 – Edmonds-Karp algorithm 40:22 – Algorithmic complexity 50:25 – P=NP 54:25 – NP-Complete problems 1:10:29 – Proving P=NP 1:12:57 – Stable marriage problem 1:20:32 – Randomized algorithms 1:33:23 – Can a hard problem be easy in practice? 1:43:57 – Open problems in theoretical computer science 1:46:21 – A strange idea in complexity theory 1:50:49 – Machine learning 1:56:26 – Bioinformatics 2:00:37 – Memory of Richard’s father

Jitendra Malik is a professor at Berkeley and one of the seminal figures in the field of computer vision, the kind before the deep learning revolution, and the kind after. He has been cited over 180,000 times and has mentored many world-class researchers in computer science. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – BetterHelp: http://betterhelp.com/lex – ExpressVPN: https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:17 – Computer vision is hard 10:05 – Tesla Autopilot 21:20 – Human brain vs computers 23:14 – The general problem of computer vision 29:09 – Images vs video in computer vision 37:47 – Benchmarks in computer vision 40:06 – Active learning 45:34 – From pixels to semantics 52:47 – Semantic segmentation 57:05 – The three R’s of computer vision 1:02:52 – End-to-end learning in computer vision 1:04:24 – 6 lessons we can learn from children 1:08:36 – Vision and language 1:12:30 – Turing test 1:16:17 – Open problems in computer vision 1:24:49 – AGI 1:35:47 – Pick the right problem

Brian Kernighan is a professor of computer science at Princeton University. He co-authored the C Programming Language with Dennis Ritchie (creator of C) and has written a lot of books on programming, computers, and life including the Practice of Programming, the Go Programming Language, his latest UNIX: A History and a Memoir. He co-created AWK, the text processing language used by Linux folks like myself. He co-designed AMPL, an algebraic modeling language for large-scale optimization. Support this podcast by supporting our sponsors: – Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex – Raycon: http://buyraycon.com/lex If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 04:24 – UNIX early days 22:09 – Unix philosophy 31:54 – Is programming art or science? 35:18 – AWK 42:03 – Programming setup 46:39 – History of programming languages 52:48 – C programming language 58:44 – Go language 1:01:57 – Learning new programming languages 1:04:57 – Javascript 1:08:16 – Variety of programming languages 1:10:30 – AMPL 1:18:01 – Graph theory 1:22:20 – AI in 1964 1:27:50 – Future of AI 1:29:47 – Moore’s law 1:32:54 – Computers in our world 1:40:37 – Life

Sergey Levine is a professor at Berkeley and a world-class researcher in deep learning, reinforcement learning, robotics, and computer vision, including the development of algorithms for end-to-end training of neural network policies that combine perception and control, scalable algorithms for inverse reinforcement learning, and deep RL algorithms. Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors: – ExpressVPN: https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:05 – State-of-the-art robots vs humans 16:13 – Robotics may help us understand intelligence 22:49 – End-to-end learning in robotics 27:01 – Canonical problem in robotics 31:44 – Commonsense reasoning in robotics 34:41 – Can we solve robotics through learning? 44:55 – What is reinforcement learning? 1:06:36 – Tesla Autopilot 1:08:15 – Simulation in reinforcement learning 1:13:46 – Can we learn gravity from data? 1:16:03 – Self-play 1:17:39 – Reward functions 1:27:01 – Bitter lesson by Rich Sutton 1:32:13 – Advice for students interesting in AI 1:33:55 – Meaning of life

Peter Singer is a professor of bioethics at Princeton, best known for his 1975 book Animal Liberation, that makes an ethical case against eating meat. He has written brilliantly from an ethical perspective on extreme poverty, euthanasia, human genetic selection, sports doping, the sale of kidneys, and happiness including in his books Ethics in the Real World and The Life You Can Save. He was a key popularizer of the effective altruism movement and is generally considered one of the most influential philosophers in the world. Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors: – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:25 – World War II 09:53 – Suffering 16:06 – Is everyone capable of evil? 21:52 – Can robots suffer? 37:22 – Animal liberation 40:31 – Question for AI about suffering 43:32 – Neuralink 45:11 – Control problem of AI 51:08 – Utilitarianism 59:43 – Helping people in poverty 1:05:15 – Mortality

Matt Botvinick is the Director of Neuroscience Research at DeepMind. He is a brilliant cross-disciplinary mind navigating effortlessly between cognitive psychology, computational neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors: – The Jordan Harbinger Show: https://www.jordanharbinger.com/lex – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX at checkout If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:29 – How much of the brain do we understand? 14:26 – Psychology 22:53 – The paradox of the human brain 32:23 – Cognition is a function of the environment 39:34 – Prefrontal cortex 53:27 – Information processing in the brain 1:00:11 – Meta-reinforcement learning 1:15:18 – Dopamine 1:19:01 – Neuroscience and AI research 1:23:37 – Human side of AI 1:39:56 – Dopamine and reinforcement learning 1:53:07 – Can we create an AI that a human can love?

Robert Langer is a professor at MIT and one of the most cited researchers in history, specializing in biotechnology fields of drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. He has bridged theory and practice by being a key member and driving force in launching many successful biotech companies out of MIT. Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors: – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:07 – Magic and science 05:34 – Memorable rejection 08:35 – How to come up with big ideas in science 13:27 – How to make a new drug 22:38 – Drug delivery 28:22 – Tissue engineering 35:22 – Beautiful idea in bioengineering 38:16 – Patenting process 42:21 – What does it take to build a successful startup? 46:18 – Mentoring students 50:54 – Funding 58:08 – Cookies 59:41 – What are you most proud of?

David Patterson is a Turing award winner and professor of computer science at Berkeley. He is known for pioneering contributions to RISC processor architecture used by 99% of new chips today and for co-creating RAID storage. The impact that these two lines of research and development have had on our world is immeasurable. He is also one of the great educators of computer science in the world. His book with John Hennessy “Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach” is how I first learned about and was humbled by the inner workings of machines at the lowest level. Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors: – Jordan Harbinger Show: https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/ – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:28 – How have computers changed? 04:22 – What’s inside a computer? 10:02 – Layers of abstraction 13:05 – RISC vs CISC computer architectures 28:18 – Designing a good instruction set is an art 31:46 – Measures of performance 36:02 – RISC instruction set 39:39 – RISC-V open standard instruction set architecture 51:12 – Why do ARM implementations vary? 52:57 – Simple is beautiful in instruction set design 58:09 – How machine learning changed computers 1:08:18 – Machine learning benchmarks 1:16:30 – Quantum computing 1:19:41 – Moore’s law 1:28:22 – RAID data storage 1:36:53 – Teaching 1:40:59 – Wrestling 1:45:26 – Meaning of life

Ben Goertzel is one of the most interesting minds in the artificial intelligence community. He is the founder of SingularityNET, designer of OpenCog AI framework, formerly a director of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, Chief Scientist of Hanson Robotics, the company that created the Sophia Robot. He has been a central figure in the AGI community for many years, including in the Conference on Artificial General Intelligence. Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors: – Jordan Harbinger Show: https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/ – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:20 – Books that inspired you 06:38 – Are there intelligent beings all around us? 13:13 – Dostoevsky 15:56 – Russian roots 20:19 – When did you fall in love with AI? 31:30 – Are humans good or evil? 42:04 – Colonizing mars 46:53 – Origin of the term AGI 55:56 – AGI community 1:12:36 – How to build AGI? 1:36:47 – OpenCog 2:25:32 – SingularityNET 2:49:33 – Sophia 3:16:02 – Coronavirus 3:24:14 – Decentralized mechanisms of power 3:40:16 – Life and death 3:42:44 – Would you live forever? 3:50:26 – Meaning of life 3:58:03 – Hat 3:58:46 – Question for AGI

Steven Pressfield is a historian and author of War of Art, a book that had a big impact on my life and the life of millions of whose passion is to create in art, science, business, sport, and everywhere else. I highly recommend it and others of his books on this topic, including Turning Pro, Do the Work, Nobody Wants to Read Your Shit, and the Warrior Ethos. Also his books Gates of Fire about the Spartans and the battle at Thermopylae, The Lion’s Gate, Tides of War, and others are some of the best historical fiction novels ever written. Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors: – Jordan Harbinger Show: https://jordanharbinger.com/lex/ – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 05:00 – Nature of war 11:43 – The struggle within 17:11 – Love and hate in a time of war 25:17 – Future of warfare 28:31 – Technology in war 30:10 – What it takes to kill a person 32:22 – Mortality 37:30 – The muse 46:09 – Editing 52:19 – Resistance 1:10:41 – Loneliness 1:12:24 – Is a warrior born or trained? 1:13:53 – Hard work and health 1:18:41 – Daily ritual

Joscha Bach is the VP of Research at the AI Foundation, previously doing research at MIT and Harvard. Joscha work explores the workings of the human mind, intelligence, consciousness, life on Earth, and the possibly-simulated fabric of our universe. Support this podcast by supporting these sponsors: – ExpressVPN at https://www.expressvpn.com/lexpod – Cash App – use code “LexPodcast” and download: – Cash App (App Store): https://apple.co/2sPrUHe – Cash App (Google Play): https://bit.ly/2MlvP5w This conversation is part of the Artificial Intelligence podcast. If you would like to get more information about this podcast go to https://lexfridman.com/ai or connect with @lexfridman on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Medium, or YouTube where you can watch the video versions of these conversations. If you enjoy the podcast, please rate it 5 stars on Apple Podcasts, follow on Spotify, or support it on Patreon. Here’s the outline of the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. OUTLINE: 00:00 – Introduction 03:14 – Reverse engineering Joscha Bach 10:38 – Nature of truth 18:47 – Original thinking 23:14 – Sentience vs intelligence 31:45 – Mind vs Reality 46:51 – Hard problem of consciousness 51:09 – Connection between the mind and the universe 56:29 – What is consciousness 1:02:32 – Language and concepts 1:09:02 – Meta-learning 1:16:35 – Spirit 1:18:10 – Our civilization may not exist for long 1:37:48 – Twitter and social media 1:44:52 – What systems of government might work well? 1:47:12 – The way out of self-destruction with AI 1:55:18 – AI simulating humans to understand its own nature 2:04:32 – Reinforcement learning 2:09:12 – Commonsense reasoning 2:15:47 – Would AGI need to have a body? 2:22:34 – Neuralink 2:27:01 – Reasoning at the scale of neurons and societies 2:37:16 – Role of emotion 2:48:03 – Happiness is a cookie that your brain bakes for itself