KMTT - the Torah Podcast

Beshalach | A Thought on the Parasha, by Rabbi Aharon Lopiansky, followed by Q+A with the overseas talmidim Rabbi Aharon Lopiansky is the Rosh HaYeshiva of the Yeshiva of Greater Washington – Tiferes Gedaliah, accepting the position in July of 2014. He studied and received rabbinic ordination from the Mir Yeshiva of Jerusalem. In Israel, Rabbi Lopiansky taught at Aish HaTorah from 1983-1990, and then taught at the Mir for five years before assuming the post of Rosh Yeshiva of the Yeshiva Gedolah of YGW in 1995.

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 14: Finishing R. Yonah's Flatterers, by Rav Gidon Rothstein The rest of RY"s Flatterers. Four more types of refusing to step up and call out evil, and what's wrong with it. The importance of at least recognizing evil when it occurs.

Bo | Korban Pesach: Personal, Communal, Epochal, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom The Korban Pesach is the centerpiece of Chapter 12 in Shemot - but how did Bnei Yisrael understand its significance, the specifics of the ritual and their own role in history in that context? This shiur explores 3 aspects of the Korban Pesach which may have informed the people's awareness at that great time. Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 13: The First Five Flatterers, by Rav Gidon Rothstein Chanifa, when we tell evil it is good, in some way or other.

Vaera | The Surprising Genealogy, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Just as Hashem's magnificent promises and ominous threats are about to be broadcast by Moshe, both to B'nei Yisrael as well as to Pharaoh, the text interrupts with a most unusual mini-genealogical list. We are told, all so briefly, about the families of Reuven and Shimon, after which we are given a somewhat detailed presentation of the Levites - with a curiously selective strategy informing the list. Some of the great-great grandsons of Levi are identified, whereas others are elided. We survey a few of the approaches proposed by the traditional commentators, after which, building on Rashbam and Bekhor Shor, suggest a context-driven solution to the conundrum of this odd and somewhat jarring insert into to Exodus narrative. Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 12: Fabricating a Quote and Its Challenges, by Rav Gidon Rothstein When might we be allowed to fake a quote to bring people to a truth they would not realize otherwise.

Shemot | Elokei Avikha - The God of Your Father, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom When God first summons Moshe to his great agency, He introduces Himself to his prophet as "the God of your father" - however, during the course of their testy interaction at Horev, it shifts to "the God of their (the Hebrews') fathers" and the direct association with Moshe is left behind. We explore why this sobriquet was the ideal - and why it was lost, only to be recovered at a later stage in Moshe's career. This shiur was given in honor of Ariella Etshalom and her חתן, Yoni Broth, on the occasion of their week of marital celebration - כן ירבו שמחות בישראל. Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 11: Lying for Peace and Quoting a More Accepted Authority, by Rav Gidon Rothstein Lies for peace and fabricating a quote!

Sheva Berakhot: Six, Five, Three or One? by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom We are all familiar with "Sheva Berakhot", such that we even refer to the festive meals during the week of celebration as "Sheva Berakhot" A closer look at the sources tests our numbering - and may reveal something more fundamental about these Berakhot and their place at the Chuppa, as well as at the festive meals. Given in honor of the forthcoming wedding of Ariella Etshalom to Yoni Broth. We join in wishing a mazal tov, and eagerly anticipate much nachat from them as they build a trustworthy and beautiful home together. Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 10: Bending or Breaking the Truth for Peace, by Rav Gidon Rothstein Situations when we may say what is not strictly true, and perhaps even untrue; what justifies it and what consequences does it bring.

A Different Type of Gadol: Hesped for Harav Chaim Meir Druckman zt"l

Chanuka | The Evolution of a Berakha, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom What is the meaning of the phrase "bayamim hahem bazeman hazeh" - both in birkat hanisim and al hanisim? The well-known and familiarly sung 2nd Berakha that accompanies the lighting of the Ner Chanuka is praise for God Who has wrought great miracles for our ancestors...בימים ההם בזמן הזה - "in those days at this time". These last four words were not always included in the berakha and in some versions, there was a conjuctive letter "vav" - בימים ההם ובזמן הזה that carries a different meaning. We trace the development of this berakha, propose its genesis and earliest sources and then, following the changes in wording, suggest that the earlier formulation reflected a distinct appreciation for the holiday of Chanuka (and much the same may be said about Purim). This shiur was given in memory of Mrs. Shirley Jungreis - שולמית בת משה העניך ז"ל. Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 9: Misleading Rather than Lying, by Rav Gidon Rothstein Situations where we are allowed to mislead others, deliberately speak in a way they will take one way, when we secretly mean something else.

Eight for 8 Days of Chanuka, by Rav Dovid Gottlieb 1: The Centrality of the Jewish Home. 2: Mehadrin and Living a Life of Religious Aspiration 3: "Naaseh Nes L'Shoshanim:" Why Are We Compared to Roses? 4: The Power of Preparation 5: The Secular vs Sacred View of Money 6: Spiritual Gevurah - The Secret Weapon that Defeated the Greeks 7: The Deeper Reason Why We Add a Candle Each Night 8: Celebrating Our Salvation and Not the Death of the Greeks

Chanuka, Bein Mizrach leMaarav, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom The famous Beraita which details the various standards of fulfillment of the Mitzva of Ner Chanuka (BT Shabbat 21b) is, on careful inspection, challenging and replete with both inherent and contextual difficulties. A careful examination of other relevant sugyot relating to מצות הדלקת נר חנוכה reveal that there was an essential difference in both practice and approach to this Mitzva between the Bavli practice and that maintained in Eretz Yisrael. By carefully reexamining that popular Beraita, we can discern a "Bavli layer" and an "Eretz Yisrael" layer which, once successfully woven together, present us with the unified hierarchy of practices. This shiur was given in memory of Mrs. Evelyn Graber z"l Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 8: Staying Far from Untruth, by Rav Gidon Rothstein How far we are required to go to be sure we are involved in truth and not falsehood, or even approaching falsehood.

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 7: Rounding Out R. Yonah's Liars, by Rav Gidon Rothstein Liars with no specific profit, what they do wrong, with some exceptions, starting a discussion of where truth is necessary and where it can be bent.

Vayishlach | Rachel's Tragic Death: Why Did It Have To Happen? by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom The dramatic event of the birth of Binyamin, the only child of Yaakov to be born in the Land (according to the Sifri, in his own land), was e'er marred by the death, while birthing him, of the beloved Rachel. Rachel, buried on the road, weeping for her children to return, becomes the sentinel and lighthouse for all of Bnei Yisrael as a result - but why, indeed, did she die at this point? Was it the not unexpected result of a formerly barren woman having a second child (note that neither Sarah nor Rikvah seemed to try that after the long-awaited pregnancies) - or is there more that the Torah subtly communicates through the various responses of Yaakov to this and other tragedies throughout his elder years? Stay tuned... Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 6: Rabbenu Yonah's Most Serious Liars, by Rav Gidon Rothstein Starting Rabbenu Yonah's second group who will not greet the Divine, liars. The first three groups, whom we will see this time, all damage others with their lies.

Vayetze | Who Knew What, When? by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom The famous deception of Yaakov on his wedding night, in which Leah was brought in to his chambers in the guise of Rachel, is a well-known component of the complex and unpleasant history between Yaakov and his father-in-law, Lavan. The famous Midrashic motif of the סימנין - the code that Yaakov and Rachel shared and which she subsequently revealed to her older sister to save her from being shamed, is a beloved and vital trope. Yet, a reassessment of the narrative itself, informed by a later testy conversation between the two sisters about who the "real" wife of Yaakov is tells a different story. Noting what is said and, more significantly, what is not said, opens up surprisingly different take on the story. Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 5: Last Discussion of Moshav Leitzim, by Rav Gidon Rothstein Closing up our analysis of leitzim, with a few examples of how responsa brought up the concern.

Toldot | Why "Beersheva"? by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom What does "Beersheva" mean? Well of an oath? (If so, which oath) Well of the seven? (seven of what?) Seventh well? We first encounter the town of Beersheva in the stories of Avraham; he is in that area when Hagar is exiled from his encampment, and then again when Avimelekh approaches him to make a treaty. In spite of the repeated "seven" in that scene, the place is called "Beersheva" due to the oath ("shevua") between them; this scene repeats with Yitzchak. In that case, even though the well dug there was the seventh one in that narrative, the oath is the reason behind the name. We explore the significance of this place ironically through the lens of the Septuagint, which nearly always prefers a translation "well of the oath" to a transliteration. This survey not only explains that unusual rendering, but also a mysterious verse in the rebukes of Amos... Source sheet >>

A Conversation About Covenants | Rabbi Gavriel Rosen featuring Rabbi Lord Sacks zt"l, special commemorative marking Rav Sacks's second yahrzeit

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 4: Moshav Leitzim in Avot and Shulchan Arukh, by Rav Gidon Rothstein A further way to understand leitzim in general, from Pirkei Avot and the Shulchan Arukh.

Chayei Sara | What's The Matter With Canaanite Girls? by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom When Avraham's days are nigh, he summons his chief slave and administers an oath that he not take a Canaanite girl as a wife for Yitzhak - "from the Canaanites among whom I reside". This motif reappears - perhaps - when Esav marries two Hittite women and again when Yehudah (possibly) marries a Canaanite girl. By looking at all of these sources along with the mention of a Canaanite woman bearing a son to Shimon, we survey the proposed explanations for Avraham's directive and if (and how) it impacted on his progeny. We propose a surprising take, which is anchored in the Rishonim, that the problem with the Canaanites was not inherent in their status nor in their behavior, rather in their location "in whose midst I reside". Source sheet >>

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot 3: Other Views of Leitzim, by Rav Gidon Rothstein Expanding our understanding of what qualifies as a letz, as someone who does not value life and people enough.

Vayera | Kesut Einayim - Unraveling a Biblical Enigma, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom In the aftermath of Sarah's safe return after being taken into the court of Avimelekh, the latter adds to his appeasement offering by making a puzzling statement to Sarah: He points out that he has given 1000 silver pieces to Avraham (surprising as it wasn't mentioned in 20:15 as part of the mollification gift) and that it would be a "כסות עיניים" - an odd phrase which defies easy translation. The rest of the verse is equally opaque and the broad range of interpretations offered bears witness to the difficulty of these verses. By looking at the landscape of the Ancient Near East and how Avimelekh is, via allusion, presented in the text, we suggest an approach which carries with it a subtle rebuke to Avraham - which he evidently accepts. Source sheet >>

Mental Health and Halacha - What Kinds of She'elot Arise, special sicha for the Overseas Students, with Rav Yoni Rosensweig Rabbi of the Netzach Menashe community of Beit Shemesh, and founder of Maaglei Nefesh, a center for halacha, community and mental health. Recently published a book in hebrew, נפשי בשאלתי - הלכות בריאות הנפש, Koren Publishers.

Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot: How Not to Lose the Divine Presence #2 by Rav Gidon Rothstein This is Week Two, Defining a Letz. What's a Letz? Defining the category from its five types, seeing what all leitzim share.

Lekh Lekha | Vayikra BeShem Hashem: Avraham's Altars Upon his arrival in the Land, Avra(ha)m builds a מזבח; he then builds another one where he sets up his camp and there, he "calls out Hashem's Name"; he sets up another מזבח when he settles in חברון and then, again, calls out in Hashem's name at Beer Sheva, without building a מזבח. How are we to understand the purpose of these altars - which are inherently meant for offerings? We also note that each of these acts is followed by a challenge, a calamity or a threat - until he builds his final מזבח, atop Har haMoriah, and he offers up an animal (in lieu of his son) as the denouement of the Akeida. We analyze these passages in their context and then propose an explanation for Avraham's activity, as well as proposing a reason for the Akeida itself. Source sheet >>

BRAND NEW SERIES, Rabbenu Yonah's Four Kitot - How Not to Lose the Divine Presence by Rav Gidon Rothstein This is Week One, The Four Groups who do not Greet the Divine. This shiur will lay out the broad parameters of four groups the Gemara says will not merit the Divine Presence, and the meaning of that consequence.

Noach | The Rainbow and the Covenant, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Who are the parties to the first Berit, symbolized by the rainbow? The first ברית made in the Tanakh is between God and...? (People? Animals? The Earth?) in the immediate aftermath of the cataclysmic flood. The rainbow is presented as the "sign of the Berit", which is there so that God will "remember" His commitment to never again destroy the world or its inhabitants. Besides the obvious theological challenges inherent in this presentation, it is also unclear what the role of this covenant is and who the two "sides" of the agreement are and what obligations they have towards each other. We propose that this original Berit be seen through the eyes of the "original audience" of Sefer Bereishit, the nation standing at Sinai, who are entering an eternal covenant with HaKadosh Barukh Hu.

Bereishit | Unravelling a Bereishit Enigma, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom The story of Kayin's descendants concludes with a return to Adam and to the "replacement" son that he had, Sheth and his son, Enosh. The story concludes with a puzzling phrase, אז הוחל לקרא בשם השם, a phrase which has been interpreted in numerous ways, including interpretations which are seemingly diametric opposites of each other. Why is this phrase so confusing and how does it lead to so many different possibilities? We survey the exegetical literature from the 3rd c. BCE through the 19th century CE - and then propose a panoramic approach to the story which puts this verse in a multi-faceted light which allows for this multiplicity of meanings, not as alternative takes but rather as complementary contributions to the larger picture. Source sheet >>

Six Shifts in the "History" of Torah, by Rav Moshe Taragain Shiur given Leil Hoshana Rabba 5783, at Heichal Shlomo, Jerusalem Simchat Torah is a human invention. Source sheet >>

Sukkah Zu al Shum Mah? by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom The Torah commands us to live in Sukkot in order "that your generations know that I made/allowed/enabled (?) Bnei Yisrael to dwell in Sukkot as I took them out of Egypt". As far back as the Tannaitic era, there is an array of opinions as to the referent "Sukkot". Were they clouds of glory, booths in the desert - or the name of a place? The various opinions of Haza"l and the Rishonim are assayed with some surprising approaches shared. Source sheet >>

The Gates of Ne'ila - Harav Amital's Revolutionary Idea, by Rav Moshe Taragin

ובכן תן פחדך - The Unusual Additions to the Third Berakha on Yamim Noraim, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom There are three (or four, or five) paragraphs which are added to every Tefilla on Rosh Hashana and Yom haKippurim during the third berakha -"Kedushat haShem". Each paragraph begins with the word "Uvekhen" and anticipate an epoch when the whole world will recognize God as the Master of the World and will subjugate themselves to Him. It will be a day of great rejoicing for the righteous - and a complete "shutdown" of the wicked. Where do these paragraphs come from? Why were there some customs to only add them on Rosh Hashana? Why do some communities (e.g. the Yemenite Baladi) add them in every Tefilla during Aseret Yemei Teshuva? We explore these issues and more in this shiur, in preparation for the Yamim Noraim. Source sheet >>

Special - Hashem Ori veYish'i - Psalm 27, shiur given by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom, Sept 18, 2022 There is a relatively recent custom to recite Psalm 27 ה' אורי וישעי, twice a day (either שחרית/מנחה or שחרית/ערבית) from the beginning of אלול through סוכות. This is, in and of itself, an anomaly, as there are no other practices which stretch through the penitential period of Elul through the festive season of Sukkot. A closer look at the psalm reveals an internal contradiction as well and the nature, message and tone of the psalm seems to be at odds with itself. We study the text, propose a structure and then suggest a message which resonates with both the deep reflection of Elul as well as the overwhelming rejoicing of Sukkot. This shiur was given at the Kingsway Jewish Center. Source sheet >>

Nitzavim | Sos Asis - The Seventh Stage of Consolation, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Why does this final Haftara in the series of שבעה דנחמתא frequently utilize the first person, reflecting an autobiographical bent? Source sheet >>

Pre-Selichot Sicha Elul 5782, by Rav Eli Weber, given to the Overseas Talmidim Motzaei Shabbat Parashat Ki Tavo 5782. With a few minutes of nigunim both prior to and following the sicha.

The Roots of Teshuva: The hidden depths of return and renewal in the thought of Rav Aharon Lichtenstein zt"l A Mishnat HaRAL Program in memory of David Landes z"l upon his third Yahrzeit. Sunday, Sept 11, 2022 at Cong. Rinat Yisrael, Teaneck NJ. A discussion with Rosh Yeshiva Rav Mosheh Lichtenstein and Rabbi Dr. Benjamin Samuels '92, Rabbi, Cong. Shaarei Tefillah, Newton, MA. Moderated by Rabbi Chaim Strauchler '95, Senior Rabbi, Cong. Rinat Yisrael. With remarks by Dr. Tovah Lichtenstein Dr. David J. Landes z"l learned in Yeshivat Har Etzion over the course of three years during the 1970's. He remained a loyal talmid and committed alumnus of Yeshivat Har Etzion throughout his life, serving as the Chairman of the Board of the Etzion Foundation, and was a parent of Yeshivat Har Etzion and Migdal Oz alumni. An independent scholar, his penetrating studies of contemporary Orthodox Judaism, deeply informed by anthropology, broke new ground in the study of Jewish life.

Ki Tavo | Kumi Ori - The Sixth Stage of Consolation, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom What do we imagine will attract the nations of the world to Yerushalayim at the "end of history"? Source sheet >>

Ki Tetze | Roni Akara - The Fifth Stage of Consolation, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Why is the theme of consolation - and the word נחם - missing from this Haftara (the first of the series in which it is gone)?

Shoftim | Anochi Anochi Hu Menachemkhem - The Fourth Stage of Consolation, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Why does the נביא use the introductory אנכי twice - and again a few פסוקים later? What is his audience missing here? The seven Shabbatot between Tish'a b'Av and Rosh Hashana are marked by a universally practiced custom of reading consolation passages from the latter half of the book of Yeshaya. Why were these passages selected and why in the order in which they are read? Who is the prophetic voice behind these messages and what was his goal? We explore these questions in this 7-part series, as we study the text of each of these haftarot of נחמה. Source sheet >>

Re'eh | Aniya So'ara - The Third Stage of Consolation, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom The seven Shabbatot between Tish'a b'Av and Rosh Hashana are marked by a universally practiced custom of reading consolation passages from the latter half of the book of Yeshaya. Why were these passages selected and why in the order in which they are read? Who is the prophetic voice behind these messages and what was his goal? We explore these questions in this 7-part series, as we study the text of each of these haftarot of נחמה. Sourcesheet >>

Ekev | VaTomer Tzion Azavani Hashem: The Second Stage of Consolation, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom Why do we skip from Yeshaya 40 to ch. 49 for this second Haftara of consolation? The seven Shabbatot between Tish'a b'Av and Rosh Hashana are marked by a universally practiced custom of reading consolation passages from the latter half of the book of Yeshaya. Why were these passages selected and why in the order in which they are read? Who is the prophetic voice behind these messages and what was his goal? We explore these questions in this 7-part series, as we study the text of each of these haftarot of נחמה. Source sheet >>

Vaetchanan - Nachamu Nachamu Ami, by Rav Yitzchak Etshalom The seven Shabbatot between Tish'a b'Av and Rosh Hashana are marked by a universally practiced custom of reading consolation passages from the latter half of the book of Yeshaya. Why were these passages selected and why in the order in which they are read? Who is the prophetic voice behind these messages and what was his goal? We explore these questions in this 7-part series, as we study the text of each of these haftarot of נחמה. Source sheet >>

From Redemption to Consolation: Between Pesach and 9BeAv. Our Best Strategies for Bi'at Ha-Go'el. #14 Go Beyond Apple Pie Comfort, by Rav Gidon Rothstein When we think about how to deserve full redemption, do we always reach for the same answer, while ignoring other important answers?

Talking About Eicha and More with Dr. Yael Ziegler, with Kol Deracheha host, Rachel Weber Leshaw. In this special Pre-Tish'a Be-Av episode we talk to Dr. Yael Ziegler about her new book "Lamentations: Faith in a Turbulent World" and her experience writing on such a seemingly sad topic. We also discuss her new appointment as Rosh Beit Midrash of Matan, and her career path until today. Buy the book here: https://korenpub.com/products/lamentations-faith-in-a-turbulent-world

Shir HaShirim | Understanding the Last 10 Pesukim, by Rav Moshe Taragin Shiur given in the Tanakh Study Days 5782 of Herzog College Source sheet >>