King's Way Sermons with Dale Partridge

Welcome to the third episode of our series on "Glorious Womanhood," titled "The Glorious Mother." In this episode, we delve into what it means to be a glorious mother, emphasizing that true glory for a woman is found in aligning with God's design for motherhood. We explore how the roles of helper, wife, mother, and homemaker are divinely ordained and how fulfilling these roles brings purpose and radiance. By embracing motherhood, women can most effectively align their feminine identity, biology, and emotional capacity with God's will. This episode celebrates the beauty and significance of motherhood as the pinnacle of biblical femininity, challenging modern societal norms that often distort these God-given roles.

Join us for the final episode in our six-part series on covenant theology, where we delve into the profound significance of living within the covenantal framework of the church. In this sermon, Pastor Dale Partridge challenges the prevalent individualistic approach to Christianity, emphasizing the biblical concept of being part of a covenant community. Discover how the covenants of grace, marriage, and family intricately weave together within the covenant of the church. We'll explore why believers are not meant to live as autonomous individuals but are called to be interconnected and accountable to one another in the body of Christ. Learn how active participation in the local church is essential for receiving grace, spiritual growth, and true Christian living. Tune in to shift your perspective from a privatized faith to a communal one, deeply rooted in scripture.

In this sermon, we delve into the covenant home, focusing on the crucial role of parents in multi-generational faithfulness. Pastor Dale Partridge addresses the failures of modern parenting, emphasizing the importance of raising children within a biblical worldview and contrasting it with today's individualistic culture. He explores the theological framework of covenants, comparing Adam's failure with Christ's redemptive success, and highlights the responsibilities of husbands and parents as covenant heads, paralleling Christ’s role with the church.

In this episode, we explore the concept of being a glorious wife, addressing the confusion in today's world about traditional roles within marriage. Pastor Dale critiques modern views that reject biblical wifehood and emphasizes the importance of understanding and fulfilling God's design. He explains that true glory comes from aligning our lives with God's will and that a woman's role as a helper to her husband is essential. This sermon also discusses how women can embody these principles in various aspects of life, whether married or single and highlights the universal call to be a glorious helper. Join us as we uncover the divine blueprint for womanhood and marriage.

Join us for the fourth sermon in our series on covenant homes titled "The Marital Duties of Husbands." Following our exploration of representation and responsibility in part one, the definition of Christian marriage in part two, and the marital duties of wives in part 3, we now delve into the specific roles of husbands within the Covenant Home. Understanding and fulfilling these roles are essential aspects of maintaining a healthy and God-honoring marriage. In this sermon, Pastor Dale Partridge will discuss what the Bible expects of husbands. Often called “servant leaders,” the concept has been perverted to mean “lead by serving,” but Scripture's definition looks more like “serve by leading.” As we continue to reflect on Christ's relationship with His bride, the church, we'll examine how husbands and wives can embody His love and sacrifice as they lead their households. Join us as we navigate the practical implications of God's intention for Christian marriages and His covenant households.

Join us for the third sermon in our series on covenant homes titled "The Duties of Wives and Husbands." Following our exploration of representation and responsibility in part one, and the definition of Christian marriage in part two, we now delve into the specific roles of husbands and wives within the Covenant Home. Understanding and fulfilling these roles are essential aspects of maintaining a healthy and God-honoring marriage. As we continue to reflect on Christ's relationship with His bride, the church, we'll examine how husbands and wives can embody His love and sacrifice in their daily lives. Join us as we navigate the practical implications of God's intention for Christian marriages and His covenant households.

In this episode, Pastor Dale Partridge is giving the first of four lectures on “glorious womanhood” to the ladies of Kings Way Church.

Join us for the second sermon in our series on covenant homes titled "Defining Christian Marriage." Today, we'll delve into the vital topic of Christian marriage within the Covenant Home. Understanding God's design for marriage is essential, yet often overlooked in today's churches. God's gift of marriage calls husbands and wives to fulfill their unique roles to ensure its success, reflecting Christ and His bride, the church. Join us as we discuss how to navigate God's intention for Christian marriages and His covenant households.

Join us for today's sermon, where our focus is on the Covenant Home. We will be delving into the vital topics of representation and responsibility. For many, this perspective may be entirely new, as unfortunately, it's seldom taught in churches today. The prevailing challenge of our time is individualism, which leaves a wake of destruction, such as loneliness, selfishness, and detachment, that's challenging to grasp fully. Autonomy has starved this generation for identity, history, heritage, legacy, and vision. We've become so individualized that we perceive ourselves as disconnected from something greater. This has infiltrated both the church and the family. Join us to consider how we can correct these fractures and reestablish God's intention for His covenant households.

In this episode, pastor Dale Partridge is laying the foundations of covenant theology for an upcoming sermon series on the Covenant Household. This lecture was delivered at the weekly King’s Way Men’s meeting in hopes of anchoring the men of the congregation more firmly in covenantal thinking. That said, we invite anyone to listen and be encouraged by the content of this series.

Romans 8:35-39 'Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or danger, or sword? As it is written, “For your sake we are being killed all the day long; we are regarded as sheep to be slaughtered.” No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us. For I am sure that neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.'

Romans 8:31 'What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who can be against us?'

Romans 8:30 'And those whom he predestined he also called, and those whom he called he also justified, and those whom he justified he also glorified.'

Romans 8:29 'For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers.'

Romans 8:28 'And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose.'

Romans 8:28 'And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose.'

Romans 8:28 'And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose.'

Romans 8:26-27 'Likewise the Spirit helps us in our weakness. For we do not know what to pray for as we ought, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with groanings too deep for words. And he who searches hearts knows what is the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints according to the will of God.'

Romans 8:23-25 'And not only the creation, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies. For in this hope we were saved. Now hope that is seen is not hope. For who hopes for what he sees? But if we hope for what we do not see, we wait for it with patience.'

Romans 8:19-23 'For the creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the sons of God. For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to corruption and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation has been groaning together in the pains of childbirth until now. And not only the creation, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies.'

Romans 8:18 'For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us.'

Romans 8:16-17 'The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God, and if children, then heirs—heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.'

Romans 8:12-15 'So then, brothers, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh. For if you live according to the flesh you will die, but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live. For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God. For you did not receive the spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you have received the Spirit of adoption as sons, by whom we cry, “Abba! Father!”'

Romans 8:9-11 'You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. Anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him. But if Christ is in you, although the body is dead because of sin, the Spirit is life because of righteousness. If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you.'

Romans 8:5-8 'For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit set their minds on the things of the Spirit. For to set the mind on the flesh is death, but to set the mind on the Spirit is life and peace. For the mind that is set on the flesh is hostile to God, for it does not submit to God’s law; indeed, it cannot. Those who are in the flesh cannot please God.'

Christmas at King's Way Luke 2:9-21 'And an angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were filled with great fear. And the angel said to them, “Fear not, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. And this will be a sign for you: you will find a baby wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger.” And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God and saying, “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among those with whom he is pleased!” When the angels went away from them into heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go over to Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us.” And they went with haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the baby lying in a manger. And when they saw it, they made known the saying that had been told them concerning this child. And all who heard it wondered at what the shepherds told them. But Mary treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart. And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, as it had been told them. And at the end of eight days, when he was circumcised, he was called Jesus, the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.'

Romans 8:1-4 'There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. For the law of the Spirit of life has set you free in Christ Jesus from the law of sin and death. For God has done what the law, weakened by the flesh, could not do. By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh, in order that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.'

Romans 7:21-25 'So I find it to be a law that when I want to do right, evil lies close at hand. For I delight in the law of God, in my inner being, but I see in my members another law waging war against the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin that dwells in my members. Wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death? Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind, but with my flesh I serve the law of sin.'

Romans 7:14-20 'For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am of the flesh, sold under sin. For I do not understand my own actions. For I do not do what I want, but I do the very thing I hate. Now if I do what I do not want, I agree with the law, that it is good. So now it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me. For I know that nothing good dwells in me, that is, in my flesh. For I have the desire to do what is right, but not the ability to carry it out. For I do not do the good I want, but the evil I do not want is what I keep on doing. Now if I do what I do not want, it is no longer I who do it, but sin that dwells within me.'

Romans 7:7-13 'What then shall we say? That the law is sin? By no means! Yet if it had not been for the law, I would not have known sin. For I would not have known what it is to covet if the law had not said, “You shall not covet.” But sin, seizing an opportunity through the commandment, produced in me all kinds of covetousness. For apart from the law, sin lies dead. I was once alive apart from the law, but when the commandment came, sin came alive and I died. The very commandment that promised life proved to be death to me. For sin, seizing an opportunity through the commandment, deceived me and through it killed me. So the law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good. Did that which is good, then, bring death to me? By no means! It was sin, producing death in me through what is good, in order that sin might be shown to be sin, and through the commandment might become sinful beyond measure.'

Romans 7:5-6 'For while we were living in the flesh, our sinful passions, aroused by the law, were at work in our members to bear fruit for death. But now we are released from the law, having died to that which held us captive, so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit and not in the old way of the written code.'

Romans 7:1-4 "Or do you not know, brothers —for I am speaking to those who know the law—that the law is binding on a person only as long as he lives? For a married woman is bound by law to her husband while he lives, but if her husband dies she is released from the law of marriage. Accordingly, she will be called an adulteress if she lives with another man while her husband is alive. But if her husband dies, she is free from that law, and if she marries another man she is not an adulteress. Likewise, my brothers, you also have died to the law through the body of Christ, so that you may belong to another, to him who has been raised from the dead, in order that we may bear fruit for God."

In this sermon, Pastor Dale Partridge of King's Way Bible Church explores Ephesians 2:1-5, a captivating underdog story that challenges conventional narratives of deservingness. Unlike tales of good people receiving what they merit, this is a unique narrative of undeserving individuals receiving grace. We encourage listeners to reflect on the gospel's depth and ask themselves if they can truly appreciate their salvation. Many Christians, we argue, struggle with this, highlighting the impact of misconceptions about Ephesians 2:1-5 on their appreciation of salvation. Join us as we unravel the transformative power of this scripture and its profound implications for understanding grace and salvation.

In this sermon, Pastor Dale Partridge will explore the seven biblical expectations for local church members, focusing on the responsibilities of the members rather than just the blessings received. He emphasizes that the Christian life involves a two-way street, with church membership akin to going to the gym rather than the movies, where active participation is vital. At Kings Way, we believe in the importance of not only being consumers but also contributors to the life of the local church. As we dive into Scripture, we'll first discuss the two fundamental prerequisites for church membership: professing faith in Christ and understanding the purpose of that faith in Christ. Then, we'll delve into the seven biblical expectations that provide a framework for how we should engage as committed members of the local church community.

Join King's Way Bible Church and Pastor Dale Partridge as we explore the concept of church membership and how in today's context it's often overlooked. Our aim is to present a strong biblical case to show how church membership is a foundational and valuable role within the body of Christ. We'll delve into the understanding that Jesus Christ established one church, which exists in two expressions, and will unpack the 12 blessings of local church membership. Discover how these blessings of the church contribute to the richness of our walk with God, and carrying out His will for His people.

Welcome to the concluding episode of a five-part series by Pastor Dale Partridge on the sacraments. In this final installment, we dive into the true meaning of the Lord's Supper, seeking to define, comprehend, and align our practice with scriptural principles. We address three pivotal questions: Who should partake in the Lord's Supper? How should it be consumed? What is occurring when the Lord's Supper is consumed? We also explore the four commonly held views in the church: transubstantiation (the Roman Catholic perspective), consubstantiation (attributed to Martin Luther), the reformed view (as articulated by John Calvin and the Westminster Confession), and the memorial view (in line with Ulrich Zwingli's perspective, somewhat affiliated with the reformed tradition). Join us as we delve into these topics and seek to discover the instructed and meaningful way to experience the Lord's presence through the senses of taste, touch, and smell, as prescribed by God.

In this final sermon on baptism, pastor Dale Partridge discusses the mode of baptism and demonstrates what he believes is to be the most biblical form of water baptism.

The primary argument often raised by Baptists against infant baptism centers around the prophecy found in Jeremiah 31:31-34 concerning the New Covenant. In this sermon, Pastor Dale Partridge thoroughly examines this passage, presents the core Baptist objections, and provides his reasoned responses. Through this sermon, listeners can gain a deeper understanding of the theological foundations for paedobaptism and weigh out God's consistency seen from covenant to covenant.

In our ongoing sermon series on the sacraments, we recently examined how standardization and equalization have affected the sacred nature of these biblical practices. In this sermon, we take this series into the Sacrament of Baptism. This message explores the significance of baptism and delves into its biblical foundation, including the often debated topic of infant baptism. While this subject has been a source of division in many churches, it's crucial to understand that our church is committed to unity in primary matters while respecting diverse perspectives on secondary issues like head coverings, baptism, or eschatology. Our exploration of infant baptism might challenge your understanding and raise questions. Still, our dedication to reformed catholicity ensures we remain a united community, even in the face of theological complexity. Join us as we dive deep into the rich covenant theology that underlies the doctrine of infant baptism and seek a deeper understanding of this sacred sacrament.

The Reformed view of the sacraments emphasizes two primary sacraments: Baptism and the Lord's Supper. These sacraments are seen as symbolic representations of spiritual realities. Baptism is viewed as a sign and seal of God's covenant and initiation into the Christian community, while the Lord's Supper commemorates Christ's sacrifice and serves as a means of grace. In this perspective, the focus is on the spiritual significance of the sacraments rather than the idea of them conveying salvific grace automatically. They are considered acts of obedience and faith, fostering a deep connection between the believer and God's covenant promises.

In Psalm 69, King David passionately pleads with God, expressing his profound distress caused by intense suffering, persecution, and betrayal at the hands of his enemies. David vividly portrays his dire circumstances, comparing them to sinking in deep waters and being engulfed by a flood. What makes this Psalm particularly noteworthy is its fervent appeal for God's intervention and justice. David earnestly implores God to vindicate him and bring retribution upon those who have treated him unjustly. Despite the intense language used, this Psalm underscores the deep trust that God's people place in Him to rectify injustices. Moreover, Psalm 69 contains messianic elements, with certain verses foreshadowing the suffering and rejection that Jesus Christ would later endure. Consequently, it not only encapsulates King David's personal anguish but also serves as a prophetic glimpse into the redemptive suffering of the Messiah, rendering it a significant and multifaceted passage in the biblical narrative. Psalm 69:1-36 "Save me, O God! For the waters have come up to my neck. I sink in deep mire, where there is no foothold; I have come into deep waters, and the flood sweeps over me. I am weary with my crying out; my throat is parched. My eyes grow dim with waiting for my God. More in number than the hairs of my head are those who hate me without cause; mighty are those who would destroy me, those who attack me with lies. What I did not steal must I now restore? O God, you know my folly; the wrongs I have done are not hidden from you. Let not those who hope in you be put to shame through me, O Lord God of hosts; let not those who seek you be brought to dishonor through me, O God of Israel. For it is for your sake that I have borne reproach, that dishonor has covered my face. I have become a stranger to my brothers, an alien to my mother’s sons. For zeal for your house has consumed me, and the reproaches of those who reproach you have fallen on me. When I wept and humbled my soul with fasting, it became my reproach. When I made sackcloth my clothing, I became a byword to them. I am the talk of those who sit in the gate, and the drunkards make songs about me. But as for me, my prayer is to you, O Lord . At an acceptable time, O God, in the abundance of your steadfast love answer me in your saving faithfulness. Deliver me from sinking in the mire; let me be delivered from my enemies and from the deep waters. Let not the flood sweep over me, or the deep swallow me up, or the pit close its mouth over me. Answer me, O Lord , for your steadfast love is good; according to your abundant mercy, turn to me. Hide not your face from your servant, for I am in distress; make haste to answer me. Draw near to my soul, redeem me; ransom me because of my enemies! You know my reproach, and my shame and my dishonor; my foes are all known to you. Reproaches have broken my heart, so that I am in despair. I looked for pity, but there was none, and for comforters, but I found none. They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me sour wine to drink. Let their own table before them become a snare; and when they are at peace, let it become a trap. Let their eyes be darkened, so that they cannot see, and make their loins tremble continually. Pour out your indignation upon them, and let your burning anger overtake them. May their camp be a desolation; let no one dwell in their tents. For they persecute him whom you have struck down, and they recount the pain of those you have wounded. Add to them punishment upon punishment; may they have no acquittal from you. Let them be blotted out of the book of the living; let them not be enrolled among the righteous. But I am afflicted and in pain; let your salvation, O God, set me on high! I will praise the name of God with a song; I will magnify him with thanksgiving. This will please the Lord more than an ox or a bull with horns and hoofs. When the humble see it they will be glad; you who seek God, let your hearts revive. For the Lord hears the needy and does not despise his own people who are prisoners. Let heaven and earth praise him, the seas and everything that moves in them. For God will save Zion and build up the cities of Judah, and people shall dwell there and possess it; the offspring of his servants shall inherit it, and those who love his name shall dwell in it."

Romans 6:20-23 "For when you were slaves of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness. But what fruit were you getting at that time from the things of which you are now ashamed? For the end of those things is death. But now that you have been set free from sin and have become slaves of God, the fruit you get leads to sanctification and its end, eternal life. For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord."

Imprecatory Psalms are a category of Psalms characterized by their fervent and sometimes harsh language, as they passionately call upon God to intervene in situations involving injustice or persecution. These Psalms often convey the deep emotions of the psalmists when faced with enemies or oppressors. In these verses, the psalmists express their feelings of anger, frustration, and a profound desire for God to bring about justice or judgment upon those who are acting wickedly. While the language in these Psalms may seem intense, it's essential to understand that they reflect the genuine, unfiltered emotions of individuals who are struggling with adversity, persecution, or personal suffering. Psalm 109:1-31 "Be not silent, O God of my praise! For wicked and deceitful mouths are opened against me, speaking against me with lying tongues. They encircle me with words of hate, and attack me without cause. In return for my love they accuse me, but I give myself to prayer. So they reward me evil for good, and hatred for my love. Appoint a wicked man against him; let an accuser stand at his right hand. When he is tried, let him come forth guilty; let his prayer be counted as sin! May his days be few; may another take his office! May his children be fatherless and his wife a widow! May his children wander about and beg, seeking food far from the ruins they inhabit! May the creditor seize all that he has; may strangers plunder the fruits of his toil! Let there be none to extend kindness to him, nor any to pity his fatherless children! May his posterity be cut off; may his name be blotted out in the second generation! May the iniquity of his fathers be remembered before the Lord , and let not the sin of his mother be blotted out! Let them be before the Lord continually, that he may cut off the memory of them from the earth! For he did not remember to show kindness, but pursued the poor and needy and the brokenhearted, to put them to death. He loved to curse; let curses come upon him! He did not delight in blessing; may it be far from him! He clothed himself with cursing as his coat; may it soak into his body like water, like oil into his bones! May it be like a garment that he wraps around him, like a belt that he puts on every day! May this be the reward of my accusers from the Lord , of those who speak evil against my life! But you, O God my Lord, deal on my behalf for your name’s sake; because your steadfast love is good, deliver me! For I am poor and needy, and my heart is stricken within me. I am gone like a shadow at evening; I am shaken off like a locust. My knees are weak through fasting; my body has become gaunt, with no fat. I am an object of scorn to my accusers; when they see me, they wag their heads. Help me, O Lord my God! Save me according to your steadfast love! Let them know that this is your hand; you, O Lord , have done it! Let them curse, but you will bless! They arise and are put to shame, but your servant will be glad! May my accusers be clothed with dishonor; may they be wrapped in their own shame as in a cloak! With my mouth I will give great thanks to the Lord ; I will praise him in the midst of the throng. For he stands at the right hand of the needy one, to save him from those who condemn his soul to death."

Romans 6:15-19 'What then? Are we to sin because we are not under law but under grace? By no means! Do you not know that if you present yourselves to anyone as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one whom you obey, either of sin, which leads to death, or of obedience, which leads to righteousness? But thanks be to God, that you who were once slaves of sin have become obedient from the heart to the standard of teaching to which you were committed, and, having been set free from sin, have become slaves of righteousness. I am speaking in human terms, because of your natural limitations. For just as you once presented your members as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to righteousness leading to sanctification.'

Romans 6:12-14 'Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, to make you obey its passions. Do not present your members to sin as instruments for unrighteousness, but present yourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life, and your members to God as instruments for righteousness. For sin will have no dominion over you, since you are not under law but under grace.'

Romans 6:8-11 'Now if we have died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him. We know that Christ, being raised from the dead, will never die again; death no longer has dominion over him. For the death he died he died to sin, once for all, but the life he lives he lives to God. So you also must consider yourselves dead to sin and alive to God in Christ Jesus.'

Romans 6:5-7 'For if we have been united with him in a death like his, we shall certainly be united with him in a resurrection like his. We know that our old self was crucified with him in order that the body of sin might be brought to nothing, so that we would no longer be enslaved to sin. For one who has died has been set free from sin.'

Romans 6:3-4 'Do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were buried therefore with him by baptism into death, in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, we too might walk in newness of life.'

Romans 6:1-2 'What shall we say then? Are we to continue in sin that grace may abound? By no means! How can we who died to sin still live in it?'

Romans 5:18-21 'Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men. For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous. Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased, grace abounded all the more, so that, as sin reigned in death, grace also might reign through righteousness leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.'