Field, Lab, Earth

The World Food Prize is awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions to food and food security around the world. The brainchild of Nobel Laureate Dr. Norman Borlaug, it was founded in 1986 and is the foremost international award for those in these fields. Dr. Rattan Lal is the 2020 World Food Prize Laureate for his continent-spanning work with climate change and holistic soil health. This episode, we talk with Dr. Lal about his life, career, and the soil health lessons he's learned along the way. Tune in to learn: The importance of animals like earthworms, termites, and centipedes to soil health How covering soils can increase soil health properties How the health of animals, people, plants, soil, and the environment intertwine What future steps we can take to increase food security and soil health If you would like more information about this topic, the CSA News feature about Dr. Lal is available here: https://doi.org/10.1002/csan.20290 It will be freely available from 16 October to 30 October, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Dr. Lal, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/882 World Food Prize: https://www.worldfoodprize.org/ World Food Prize feature on Dr. Rattan Lal: https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/2020_lal/ Rattan Lal: Translating Science Into Action video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ug07app6FDo&feature=youtu.be Rattan Lal: Soil Is Like a Bank Account video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zA8F1Q8P4U&feature=youtu.be Rattan Lal: Early Life and Path to The Ohio State University video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C36I4_EK24w&feature=youtu.be CFAES Faculty Profile: Rattan Lal video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnNXKqgSMMI&feature=youtu.be Rare Earth Alumni Magazine video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53z-97lKkuI&feature=youtu.be The Ohio State University: https://www.osu.edu/ Soil Science Society of America: www.soils.org American Society of Agronomy: www.agronomy.org Crop Science Society of America: www.crops.org International Union of Soil Sciences: https://www.iuss.org/ United Nations University: https://unu.edu/ USDA ARS: https://www.ars.usda.gov/ USDA NRCS: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/site/national/home/ "Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security" article in Science: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/304/5677/1623 Rattan Lal, PhD Presenting at Nobel Conference 54 video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mbSzIojsRQ S is for Soil book: https://lsrwa.org/news/s-is-for-soils/ Sponsored by Gasmet Technologies. Gasmet Technologies range of portable analyzers are used for environmental research measuring CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3 & H2O gas fluxes simultaneously at sub-ppm levels. Check out www.gasmet.com for more information and to request a quotation. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

Dr. Norman Borlaug was an American agronomist who specialized in wheat breeding. Known as the Father of the Green Revolution, he helped other hunger fighters save hundreds of thousands of lives in Mexico, India, Pakistan, and other countries throughout his long and varied career. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 and founded the World Food Prize to celebrate other food fighters worldwide. This episode we speak with his granddaughter and colleague Julie Borlaug and fellow colleagues Dr. Ronnie Coffman and Dr. Ed Runge to discuss the "Man who Fed the World." Listen to learn: What are the three major improvements Dr. Borlaug contributed to wheat breeding What role sports played in Dr. Borlaug's life What was the Green Revolution What obstacles still remain in the realm of hunger fighting If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Julie, you can find her here: [email protected] https://twitter.com/JulieBorlaug https://www.linkedin.com/in/julie-borlaug-3b7b6710/ If you would like to reach out to Ronnie, you can find him here: [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Ed, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/873 Leon Hesser's book, The Man Who Fed the World: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/man-who-fed-the-world-leon-hesser/1100451132 Roger Thurow's book, The Last Hunger Season: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-last-hunger-season-roger-thurow/1110792507 Roger Thurow's book, Enough: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/enough-roger-thurow/1116903601?ean=9781586488185 Noel Veitmeyer's book, Our Daily Bread: https://www.amazon.com/Daily-Bread-Essential-Norman-Borlaug/dp/0578095556 Charles C. Mann's book, The Wizard and The Prophet: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-wizard-and-the-prophet-charles-c-mann/1126242716?ean=9780345802842 PBS Special, The Man Who Tried to Feed the World: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/man-who-tried-to-feed-the-world/ Norman Borlaug Heritage Foundation: https://www.normanborlaug.org/ Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture: https://borlaug.tamu.edu/ Borlaug Global Rust Initiative: https://www.globalrust.org/ Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Twitter: @globalrust, https://twitter.com/globalrust Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Facebook: @globalrust: https://www.facebook.com/globalrust World Food Prize: https://www.worldfoodprize.org/ The Rockefeller Foundation: https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/ University of Minnesota: https://twin-cities.umn.edu/ Texas A&M University: https://www.tamu.edu/ Cornell Global Development Department Twitter: @CornellGlobal, https://twitter.com/CornellGlobal Cornell Global Development Department Facebook: @CornellGlobal, https://www.facebook.com/CornellGlobalDevelopment/ Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences: https://cals.cornell.edu/ Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Twitter: @CornellCALS, https://twitter.com/CornellCALS Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Facebook: @CornellCALS, https://www.facebook.com/CornellCALS Cornell University: https://www.cornell.edu/ Cornell University Twitter: @Cornell, https://twitter.com/Cornell Cornell University Facebook: @Cornell, https://www.facebook.com/Cornell Iowa State University: https://www.iastate.edu/ CIMMYT: https://www.cimmyt.org/ USDA: https://www.usda.gov/ Alliance for Science: https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/ Global Youth Institute: https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/youth_programs/global_youth_institute/ World Food Program: https://www.wfpusa.org/ World Food Programme: https://www.wfp.org/ Peace Corps: https://www.peacecorps.gov/ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ Alliance to End Hunger: https://alliancetoendhunger.org/ Sponsored by Gasmet Technologies. Gasmet Technologies range of portable analyzers are used for environmental research measuring CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3 & H2O gas fluxes simultaneously at sub-ppm levels. Check out www.gasmet.com for more information and to request a quotation. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Tapping into Wild Carrot Diversity for New Sources of Abiotic Stress Tolerance to Strengthen Carrot Pre-Breeding in Bangladesh and Pakistan" with Dr. Philipp Simon. Carrots are a diverse crop that grows worldwide. Packed with nutrients and flavor, many of its wild relatives also carry important traits such as resistance to abiotic stresses like drought, heat, or salinity. These traits can be crucial as we look at how to feed our growing population; however, without growing these carrot wild relatives under these stressful conditions, it can be difficult to pinpoint which varieties carry which traits. Partnering with scientists in Bangladesh and Pakistan, Dr. Phil Simon and his team are working to identify valuable traits in carrots from all over the world in the hopes of improving future carrot breeding efforts. Tune in to learn: What common roadside plant is actually a wild relative of carrot How the lifecycle of carrots works What it's like to go on a seed collecting expedition How to grow carrots at home If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20333 It is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Phil, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/863 Global Crop Diversity Trust: https://www.croptrust.org/ Crop Wild Relatives Project: www.cwrdiversity.org United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization: http://www.fao.org/home/en/ Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research: https://www.cgiar.org/ Sponsored by Gasmet Technologies. Gasmet Technologies range of portable analyzers are used for environmental research measuring CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3 & H2O gas fluxes simultaneously at sub-ppm levels. Check out www.gasmet.com for more information and to request a quotation. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Research and Funding in the Time of COVID‐19" with Dr. Gary Pierzynski. The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption worldwide, with research projects, schools, grocery stores, and more all impacted. Dr. Gary Pierzynski, the Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Education in the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences at The Ohio State University, has seen much of this disruption in his day to day work and the research conducted across the college. This episode, we discuss the current and predicted impacts of COVID-19 in agriculture, agricultural research, food supply chains, and more. Listen to learn: What are the four pieces of the food supply chain? What present impacts are we seeing from COVID-19 on agriculture and agricultural research? How will agriculture and agricultural research change moving forward from the pandemic? How can we build resiliency into our food supply chains, agriculture, and research? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper article is available here: https://doi.org/10.1002/csan.20139 It will be freely available from 4 September to 18 September, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Gary, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/862 American Society of Agronomy: https://www.agronomy.org/ Crop Science Society of America: https://www.crops.org/ Soil Science Society of America: https://www.soils.org/ Sustainable, Secure Food Blog: https://sustainable-secure-food-blog.com/ Association for Public and Land Grant Universities: https://www.aplu.org/ USDA: https://www.usda.gov/ Farm Service Agency: https://www.fsa.usda.gov/ Sponsored by Gasmet Technologies. Gasmet Technologies range of portable analyzers are used for environmental research measuring CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3 & H2O gas fluxes simultaneously at sub-ppm levels. Check out www.gasmet.com for more information and to request a quotation. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"A Review of Turfgrass Sports Field Variability and Its Implications on Athlete-Surface Interactions" with Dr. Chase Straw. Sports scientists study how athletes perform during exercise and how that affects the body. Turfgrass scientists study how to improve and maintain the health of turfgrass. But what happens when you combine the two? Dr. Chase Straw's review paper decided to find out, searching out research that combines both fields to better understand athlete biomechanics, physiology and perceptions, performance, and injuries. Listen in to find out: How combining player, lab, and field data can increase player performance and safety What impact perceptions can have on how players perform What new technologies are being used to measure things like athlete performance and biomechanics What research gaps still exist when comparing and combining these fields If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20193 It will be freely available from 21 August to 4 September, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Chase, you can find him here: Personal Twitter: @StrawTurf [email protected] http://soilcrop.tamu.edu/people/straw-chase/ Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/859 Texas A&M Aggie Turf Program: https://aggieturf.tamu.edu/ Texas A&M AggieTurf Program Twitter: @AggieTurf Chase's Google Scholar page: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aAvX0rUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra Sports Fields: Design, Construction, and Maintenance by James C. Puhalla, Jeffrey V. Krans, and J. Michael Goatley: https://amzn.to/2CYc5DD The Science and Engineering of Sport Surfaces (Routledge Research in Sports Technology and Engineering) by Sharon Dixon, Paul Fleming, Iain James, and Matt Carré: https://amzn.to/2D60JNM Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"A preliminary investigation of wild pig (Sus scrofa ) impacts in water quality" with Dr. John Brooks. Wild pigs are an invasive species that impact at least thirty-five states in the United States with a population of approximately six million and growing. With few natural predators and a high reproduction rate, they are a highly mobile species that can contaminate local waters with soil, fecal materials, and even disease. But can they carry antimicrobial resistance as well? Dr. John Brooks and his team worked with other researchers who are modeling pig behaviors and ecology in order to help quantify just how big of an impact these wild pigs might have. Listen in to learn: How researchers go about capturing wild pigs What attributes make wild pigs well suited to rapid movement and growth What kinds of microbes wild pigs may carry What local landowners can do to help combat the spread of wild pigs If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20036 It will be freely available from 17 July to 31 July, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to John, you can find him here: [email protected] https://www.ars.usda.gov/people-locations/person/?person-id=40050 Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/848 Wild Pig Infor site from Mississippi State University: https://www.wildpiginfo.msstate.edu/ CDC site on Antimicrobial Resistance: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/index.html WHO site on Antimicrobial Resistance: https://www.who.int/health-topics/antimicrobial-resistance Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

It's our second birthday today, which means we're releasing a second blooper reel. We are now also offering continuing education unit (CEU) quizzes for all past, full-length episodes. If you are a certified crop advisor or certified professional soil scientist, you can purchase them on an individual basis or as part of your online classroom subscription. For a full list of the available podcast quizzes, please see this page: https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/by-category#category28 For more information about the online classroom subscription, please go here: https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/subscribe If you would like to find transcripts for our episodes or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Impacts of Oyster Aquaculture on Subaqueous Soils and Infauna" with Chelsea Duball. Oysters are praised as ecosystem engineers, not only for their filter feeding, which draws particulate matter and nutrients out of the water, but also for their ability to create natural structures in the wild that can protect against storm surges on the coasts. But, as they expel excess nutrients that they don't use, is there a potential for an environmental tradeoff, either in soil health or on the other creatures that live within these ecosystems? Chelsea Duball and her team studied oysters in Rhode Island lagoons, researching how much feces oysters could produce at various stocking densities, the short term effects of those feces on soil health, and the long term effects those deposits could have on the tiny creatures that live within oyster farm soils. Tune in to learn: How to collect oyster feces underwater What kind of underwater critters oyster farming can attract What ecological benefits oysters can provide How oyster farming can impact soils both in the short and long term If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2019.03.0099 It will be freely available from 19 June to 3 July, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Chelsea, you can find her here: [email protected] Twitter: @ChelseaDirtball Instagram: @drawn.from.below Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/810 "Oysters Clear the Waters, but Do They Muddy the Soil?" CSA News article: https://doi.org/10.1002/csan.20167 Billion Oyster Project: https://www.billionoysterproject.org/ Billion Oyster Project Twitter: https://twitter.com/billionoyster The Nature Conservancy Oyster Reef Restoration: https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/oyster-restoration/ 99% Invisible Oyster-Tecture episode: https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/oyster-tecture/ 99% Invisible Twitter: https://twitter.com/99piorg One to Grow On/Sourceress podcast crossover episode: https://www.onetogrowonpod.com/oysters-real-oyster-cult-american-folk-revival-sourceress/ One to Grow On Podcast Twitter: https://twitter.com/onetogrowonpod Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Evaluation of Water Retention Products to Conserve Urban Water Resources in Home Lawns" with Vikram Baliga. Water retention products are designed to help turfgrasses conserve water. But as water conservation becomes an issue of ever greater importance, it is important not only to know which of these products to use, but also how best to use them within larger water conservation initiatives. Enter Vikram Baliga and his team. In the field, they compared four different water retention products to see which performed best under harsh, drought like conditions. In tandem, they also sent out surveys to homeowners, investigating what kinds of messaging and incentives might best influence homeowner behaviors. If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cftm2019.07.0051 It will be freely available from 15 May to 31 May, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Vikram, you can find him here: [email protected] [email protected] Twitter: https://twitter.com/vikbradley If you would like more information on Vikram's Planthropology podcast, you can find it here: Website: https://www.planthropologypod.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Planthropology_ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Planthropology Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/planthropologypod/ Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/809 Subscribe to Planthropology: https://castbox.fm/channel/id2470983?country=us City of Lubbock Water Department: https://ci.lubbock.tx.us/departments/water-department Texas Tech University Twitter: https://twitter.com/TexasTech Texas Tech University Plant Resource Database: https://www.depts.ttu.edu/plantresources/ Texas Tech University Greenhouse Twitter: https://twitter.com/TTU_Greenhouse Texas Tech University Greenhouse Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/texastechgreenhouse/ Texas Tech University Greenhouse Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/texastechgreenhouse/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Crop Production on Heavily Disturbed Soils following Crude Oil Remediation" with Dr. Tom DeSutter and Sam Croat. When an oil spill occurs on land, there are myriad ways to approach cleanup, from adding oxidizers or nutrients to speed natural processes, burning off surface oil, replacing contaminated top soil with top soil from other regions, or even just removing the soil to a landfill. When an oil spill in 2013 contaminated Steve and Patty Jensen's land with ~860,000 gallons of Bakken crude oil, Dr. Tom DeSutter and then student Sam Croat tested soil mixing and thermal desorption methods, working with the oil companies, landowners, and remediation companies to try to see which methods could best return the Jensen's land to its original, pre-spill state. Listen in to learn: What are different techniques to cleanup an oil spill How thermal desorption works Who to contact in case of an oil spill How mixing soils can give subsoils the jumpstart they need If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20077 It will be freely available from 17 April to 1 May, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Tom, you can find him here: [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Sam, you can find her here: [email protected] https://www.linkedin.com/in/sam-croat-88171810a https://www.linkedin.com/company/stealth-energy-group Twitter: @SamCroatSoils Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/793 Soil Science Society of America: https://www.soils.org American Society of Mining and Reclamation: https://www.asmr.us/ Powerpoint slides from ASMR 2019 annual meeting: Soil Reclamation after a Bakken Crude Pipeline Release: A Summary of Research Results at https://www.asmr.us/Meetings/Past-Meetings?y=2019#Content Related papers Croat, S.J., T.M. DeSutter*, F.X.M. Casey, and P.L. O'Brien. 2020. Phosphorus sorption and desorption in soils treated by thermal desorption. Water Air Soil Pollut. O'Brien, P.L., T.M. DeSutter, and F.X.M. Casey. 2019. Natural degradation of low-level petroleum hydrocarbon contamination under crop management. J. Soils Sed. 19:1367-1373 O'Brien, P.L., T.M. DeSutter, F.X.M. Casey, A.L.M. Daigh, J.L. Heitman, N.E. Derby, and E. Khan. 2018. Daytime surface energy fluxes over soil material remediated using thermal desorption. Agrosyst. Geosci. Environ. 1:180027. O'Brien, P.L., T.M. DeSutter, F.X.M. Casey, E. Khan, and A.F. Wick. 2018. Thermal remediation alters soil properties: A review. J. Environ. Mngt. 206: 826-835. O'Brien, P.L., T.M. DeSutter, F.X.M. Casey, A.F. Wick, and E. Khan. 2017. Wheat growth in soils treated by ex situ thermal desorption. J. Environ. Qual. doi:10.2134/jeq2017.03.0115 O'Brien, P.L., T.M. DeSutter, F.X.M. Casey, A.F. Wick, and E. Khan. 2017. Evaluation of soil function following remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons: A review of current remediation strategies. Current Poll. Reports doi:10.1007/s40726-017-0063-7 O'Brien, P.L., T.M. DeSutter, S.S. Ritter, F.X.M. Casey, E. Khan, A.F. Wick, and Heather L. Matthees. 2017. A large-scale soil-mixing process for reclamation of heavily disturbed soils. Ecol. Eng. 109: 84-91. Ritter, S., T. DeSutter, P. O'Brien, F. Casey, A. Wick, E. Khan, and K. Horsager. 2017. Binary exchanges of calcium, magnesium, and potassium on thermally desorbed soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 10.2136/sssaj2017.01.0028 O'Brien, P.L., T.M. DeSutter, F.X.M. Casey, N.E. Derby, and A.F. Wick. 2016. Implications of using thermal desorption to remediate contaminated agricultural soil: Physical characteristics and hydraulic processes. J. Environ. Qual. 45: 1430-1436. 5000 Candles song dedicated to Bakken Oil Fields: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glnWbq0584g Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Crude Oil Effects on Redox Status of Salt Marsh Soil in Louisiana" with Dr. John White. Also featuring Dr. John Pardue. Ten years ago, on April 20th, the Deepwater Horizon oil platform exploded, killing eleven crewmen and releasing about five million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding environment over the next 87 days. Drs. John White and John Pardue have spent much of their careers focusing on the effects of oil on the environment and ways to speed recovery efforts after spills. Join us as we discuss their papers on the relationships between oil, plant health, and microbes, as well as where we are on the road to recovery today. Listen in to learn: The difference between fresh and weathered oil How buried and surface level oil can affect the health of plants The importance of oxygen for microbial breakdown of crude oil Where we are today in the recovery process after Deepwater Horizon If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.12.0398 It will be freely available from 3 April to 17 April, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to John White, you can find him here: [email protected] If you would like to reach out to John Pardue, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.soils.org/education/classroom/classes/792 "Ten Years after Deepwater Horizon: OilSpill's Impact on Louisiana's Salt Marshes" CSA News Article: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/csan.20104 "Salt Marsh Sediment Biogeochemical Response to the BP Deepwater Horizon Blowout" CSA News Article: https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2014-59-10-5 "Lasting Oil Spill Impacts in Coastal Wetland" CSA News Article: https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2017.62.0810 "How Did Deepwater Horizon's Spill Affect the Coastal Soils and Wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico?" Soils Matter blog: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2020/04/01/how-did-deepwater-horizons-spill-affect-the-coastal-soils-and-wetlands-in-the-gulf-of-mexico/ "Determining the Impact of Deepwater Horizon's Spill on Soil" Soils Matter blog: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2020/04/01/determining-the-impact-of-deepwater-horizons-spill-on-soil/ "Deepwater Horizon: What Will the Future Bring?" Soils Matter blog: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2020/04/01/deepwater-horizon-what-will-the-future-bring/ John P.'s article "Biogeochemical controls on biodegradation of buried oil along a coastal headland beach" (free to download until May 9, 2020): https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1alkk,ashxlM1 LSU College of the Coast & Environment Twitter: @LSU_CCE LSU College of Engineering Twitter: @LSUEngineering LSU Civil & Environmental Engineering: @LSU_CEE LSU College of the Coast & Environment Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/LSU-School-of-the-Coast-Environment/432504395174 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website: https://www.noaa.gov/ Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office (LOSCO): http://www.losco.state.la.us/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Top 10 Plants: Increasing Awareness of Plants" with Dr. Mary Hockenberry Meyer and Dr. Natalie Bumgarner. Plant blindness is the inability to "see" the plants around us, that is, to recognize them as separate and important pieces of our surroundings beyond their roles as general background or landscape. But for those who do "see" plants and their varied species, how can they communicate that information and passion to those around them? One potential answer? Lists. Drs. Mary Meyer and Natalie Bumgarner are pioneers in this technique, both coordinating with local partners, experts, media, and the public to spearhead Top Ten Plant programs in their states. Listen in to learn: How extension initiatives can bridge gaps between experts and the general public Top tips for spearheading programs in your state or region What kinds of partnerships and resources can develop from these initiatives What plants made the list both in Minnesota and Tennessee If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2019.05.0341 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Mary, you can find her here: [email protected] Twitter: @marygrasses If you would like to reach out to Natalie, you can find her here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/786 Top Ten Plants Minnesota website: http://top10plantsmn.org/ Ten Plants that Changed Minnesota Book: https://www.mnhs.org/mnhspress/books/ten-plants-changed-minnesota Slide Set for Master Gardeners: http://top10plantsmn.org/resources/ Games from MN program: http://top10plantsmn.org/for-youth/ Teaching Aids/Activities: http://top10plantsmn.org/for-educators/ Top Ten Plants Tennessee website: https://ag.tennessee.edu/plantsciences/Pages/Ten-Plants-That-Shaped-Tennessee.aspx University of Tennessee Plant Sciences YouTube Ten Plants That Shaped Tennessee playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuDyZ1bJBnM&list=PLd18DtsUS10JMB9fuWb544-bLmT9-MSOK Mary's Grasstalk Blog: https://grasstalk.wordpress.com University of Minnesota Extension Yard and Garden News: https://blog-yard-garden-news.extension.umn.edu University of Tennessee Horticultural Information: https://www.uthort.com/ University of Tennessee Master Gardeners Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ut_mastergardeners/ University of Minnesota Twitter: @UMNews University of Minnesota Yard & Garden Twitter: @UMNyardgarden University of Minnesota Extension: @UMNExt University of Tennessee Twitter: @UTKnoxville Bill Laws' book, Fifty Plants that Changed the Course of History: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/fifty-plants-that-changed-the-course-of-history-bill-laws/1102003417#/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Analysis of Children's Drawings to Gain Insight into Plant Blindness" with Dr. Christina Hargiss and Dr. Paula Comeau Plant blindness is a phenomenon that, despite its name, has nothing to do with whether or not plants can see. It is actually defined as our inability to see or value the plants around us. Interdisciplinary researchers Drs. Christina Hargiss and Paula Comeau have spent a lot of time digging down to the "roots" of this problem, with research touching anything from psychology to history, cryptography, literature, art and more. This episode, we discuss their work studying plant blindness and mental models in children's art. Listen to this two part episode to learn more about: What plant blindness is How child psychology and plant blindness research overlap What hurdles researchers face when working with younger study groups How you can fight plant blindness using your grocery store What witch trials, Harry Potter, confederate armies, and cryptography have to do with plant blindness What the next steps are in plant blindness research If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.4195/nse2019.05.0009 It will be freely available from 4 March to 18 March, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Christina, you can find her here: [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Paula, you can find her here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz Part 1: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/784 CEU Quiz Part 2: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/785 CSA News article, "Plant Blindness: How Seeing Green Creates Cultural Disengagement with Agriculture": https://doi.org/10.1002/csan.20056 "Challenges Conducting Research with Adolescents in Public Schools" by Kory Bonnell: dx.doi.org/10.4195/nse2018.01.0002 NDSU Twitter: @NDSU NDSU Natural Resources Management Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ndsu.nrm/ NDSU School of Natural Resource Sciences Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SNRSatNDSU/ Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MinnesotaSNAs Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas website: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/snas/index.html Carnegie Museum of Natural History article by Patrick McShea: https://carnegiemnh.org/plant-blindness/ BBC Article by Christine Ro: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190425-plant-blindness-what-we-lose-with-nature-deficit-disorder Plant Science Bulletin: https://www.botany.org/bsa/psb/2001/psb47-1.pdf "Botany and environmental education in elementary school in Brazil: Articulating knowledge, values, and procedures" by Loureiro and Dal-Farra. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504622.2017.1343280 Project Learning Tree: https://www.plt.org/ Project Food, Land, and People: http://www.ncagr.gov/SWC/educational/FLP.html "Preventing Plant Blindness" paper about the poster by Schussler and Wandersee: https://abt.ucpress.edu/content/61/2/82 Native Ways of Knowing: http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/curriculum/articles/barnhardtkawagley/indigenous_knowledge.html Project Wet: https://www.projectwet.org/ Paperback book Lost Plant! by Elisabeth Schussler and Jim Wandersee: https://www.trafford.com/Bookstore/BookDetail.aspx?BookId=SKU-000199640 Prairie Preschool: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/event.html?id=60556 Growing Together Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GrowingTogetherND/ Growing Together article: https://www.inforum.com/lifestyle/home-and-garden/986012-Growing-Together-Fargos-successful-community-garden-uses-unique-growing-methods-%E2%80%94-and-we-can-all-join, Growing Together, US initiative: https://ruralimmigration.net/project/growing-together/ Free Forest School: https://www.freeforestschool.org/ iNaturalist: https://www.inaturalist.org/ Grocery Store Mythbusters: https://msumspring2017generalbotany.wordpress.com/about/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Analysis of Children's Drawings to Gain Insight into Plant Blindness" with Dr. Christina Hargiss and Dr. Paula Comeau Plant blindness is a phenomenon that, despite its name, has nothing to do with whether or not plants can see. It is actually defined as our inability to see or value the plants around us. Interdisciplinary researchers Drs. Christina Hargiss and Paula Comeau have spent a lot of time digging down to the "roots" of this problem, with research touching anything from psychology to history, cryptography, literature, art and more. This episode, we discuss their work studying plant blindness and mental models in children's art. Listen to this two part episode to learn more about: What plant blindness is How child psychology and plant blindness research overlap What hurdles researchers face when working with younger study groups How you can fight plant blindness using your grocery store What witch trials, Harry Potter, confederate armies, and cryptography have to do with plant blindness What the next steps are in plant blindness research If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.4195/nse2019.05.0009 It will be freely available from 4 March to 18 March, 2020. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Christina, you can find her here: [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Paula, you can find her here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz Part 1: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/784 CEU Quiz Part 2: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/785 CSA News article, "Plant Blindness: How Seeing Green Creates Cultural Disengagement with Agriculture": https://doi.org/10.1002/csan.20056 "Challenges Conducting Research with Adolescents in Public Schools" by Kory Bonnell: dx.doi.org/10.4195/nse2018.01.0002 NDSU Twitter: @NDSU NDSU Natural Resources Management Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ndsu.nrm/ NDSU School of Natural Resource Sciences Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SNRSatNDSU/ Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MinnesotaSNAs Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas website: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/snas/index.html Carnegie Museum of Natural History article by Patrick McShea: https://carnegiemnh.org/plant-blindness/ BBC Article by Christine Ro: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190425-plant-blindness-what-we-lose-with-nature-deficit-disorder Plant Science Bulletin: https://www.botany.org/bsa/psb/2001/psb47-1.pdf "Botany and environmental education in elementary school in Brazil: Articulating knowledge, values, and procedures" by Loureiro and Dal-Farra. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504622.2017.1343280 Project Learning Tree: https://www.plt.org/ Project Food, Land, and People: http://www.ncagr.gov/SWC/educational/FLP.html "Preventing Plant Blindness" paper about the poster by Schussler and Wandersee: https://abt.ucpress.edu/content/61/2/82 Native Ways of Knowing: http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/curriculum/articles/barnhardtkawagley/indigenous_knowledge.html Project Wet: https://www.projectwet.org/ Paperback book Lost Plant! by Elisabeth Schussler and Jim Wandersee: https://www.trafford.com/Bookstore/BookDetail.aspx?BookId=SKU-000199640 Prairie Preschool: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/event.html?id=60556 Growing Together Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GrowingTogetherND/ Growing Together article: https://www.inforum.com/lifestyle/home-and-garden/986012-Growing-Together-Fargos-successful-community-garden-uses-unique-growing-methods-%E2%80%94-and-we-can-all-join, Growing Together, US initiative: https://ruralimmigration.net/project/growing-together/ Free Forest School: https://www.freeforestschool.org/ iNaturalist: https://www.inaturalist.org/ Grocery Store Mythbusters: https://msumspring2017generalbotany.wordpress.com/about/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

In North America, standards for soil health and fertility in organic systems are regulated at the federal level. But for those transitioning to organic farming, it can be difficult to know how to meet those standards without access to the same toolkit they used while practicing conventional farming. Join us and moderator Chris Boomsma in this last installment of our four part series on transitioning to organic farming, where we discuss tips and trends to organically manage soil health, fertility, and biology, as well as some closing thoughts from series moderator Dr. Erin Silva. Tune in to learn more about: What are the current regional and national trends in organic farming How manure and cover crops can be used in nutrient cycling in organic systems What the current literature has to say about organic management of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus Why soil biology and soil health is crucial to organic systems If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Erin, you can find her here: Twitter: @Emsilva624 [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Chris, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/779 Managing through the Organic Transition in Grain Crop Production Webinar Series: https://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/658 Agronomy Journal review paper: dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2019.04.0275 OGRAIN: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/ NCR SARE: https://www.northcentralsare.org/ This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2018-38640-28416 through the North Central Region SARE program under project number ENC18-166. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and service provider. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

Tom Frantzen has been in organic agriculture for thirty years with his wife Irene in Iowa. Join us and host Dr. Erin Silva for part three of our four part series on transitioning to organic farming, where we'll discuss his introduction and transition to organic farming, lessons he's learned, the values and disciplines he treasures, and the changes he's seen in organic farming over the decades. Tune in to learn more about: The benefits of holistic management Why it's important to match what you value and what you do How owning and caring for livestock can help your crop rotations Why discipline and long-term thinking is crucial in organic farming How plant breeding is advancing organic farming If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Erin, you can find her here: Twitter: @Emsilva624 [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz Link: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/778 Managing through the Organic Transition in Grain Crop Production Webinar Series: https://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/658 Land Stewardship Project: https://landstewardshipproject.org/ Practical Farmers of Iowa: https://practicalfarmers.org/ Allan Savory's book, Holistic Management: A Commonsense Revolution to Restore Our Environment: https://savory-institute.myshopify.com/collections/holistic-management-books OGRAIN Conference: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/events/ NCR SARE: https://www.northcentralsare.org/ This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2018-38640-28416 through the North Central Region SARE program under project number ENC18-166. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and service provider. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

Episode Title: Organic Certifications with Harriet Behar Show notes: Getting organically certified is one of the first and most important steps to transitioning to organic farming, but how does one actually go about it? Harriet Behar has worked in organic systems for over thirty years and is an expert on the regulations, processes, and requirements for getting organically certified. Join us and host Dr. Erin Silva as we discuss this crucial process in part one of our four part series on transitioning to organic farming. Tune in to learn more about: What goes into creating an Organic System Plan How knowing the requirements ahead of time can save time when transitioning to organic farming How to avoid comingling of organic and non-organic crops and seeds in parallel organic and conventional operations What happens during an organic inspection How crop rotations differ in conventional and organic systems If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Harriet, you can find her here: [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Erin, you can find her here: Twitter: @Emsilva624 [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: https://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/776 Managing through the Organic Transition in Grain Crop Production Webinar Series: https://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/658 OGRAIN: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/ OGRAIN Resources: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/resources/ OGRAIN Winter Conference: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/events/ OGRAIN YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbIqPECXj3WfeUEjYGAgdYg OGRAIN Field Days: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/events/prior-ograin-events/ Moses Organic Certifier list: https://mosesorganic.org/organic-certification/ Moses Fact Sheets: https://mosesorganic.org/publications/organic-fact-sheets/ Moses Farmer-to-Farmer Mentoring Program: https://mosesorganic.org/projects/mentor-program/ Moses Organic Field Days: https://mosesorganic.org/events/organic-field-days/ Practical Farmers of Iowa: https://practicalfarmers.org/ Practical Farmers of Iowa Field Days: https://practicalfarmers.org/events/field-days/ Land Stewardship Project: https://landstewardshipproject.org/ Land Connection: https://thelandconnection.org/ Land Connection Field Days: https://thelandconnection.org/workshops-2/ Michael Fields Agricultural Institute: https://michaelfields.org/ National Organic Program website: https://www.ams.usda.gov/about-ams/programs-offices/national-organic-program NCR SARE: https://www.northcentralsare.org/ This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2018-38640-28416 through the North Central Region SARE program under project number ENC18-166. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and service provider. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

The organic industry generates 50 billion dollar a year. But if you're looking at transitioning into organic farming, where do you begin? Anders Gurda and Paul Dietmann work with organic farmers every day. Join us with host Dr. Erin Silva for part two of our four part series on transitioning to organic farming, where we discuss how to improve your organic business, how to navigate the financials of switching, and where to find the best buyers for your grains. Listen in to learn: How teaming up with your fellow organic farmers can improve your business What barriers (perceived or real) can keep farmers from transitioning to organic What benefits crop consultants and agronomists can offer to growers looking to transition How to navigate the financials of a wise transition, including cash flow, capital purchases, and timelines If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Anders, you can find him here: https://www.pipelinefoods.com/minneapolis-team#anders-gurda https://twitter.com/AndersGurda https://twitter.com/PipelineFoods Email: [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Paul, you can find him here: Email: [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Erin, you can find her here: Twitter: @Emsilva624 [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/777 Managing through the Organic Transition in Grain Crop Production Webinar Series: https://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/658 Turning Grain into Dough: https://www.cias.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/graintodoughfinal071119web.pdf Pipeline Foods: https://www.pipelinefoods.com/pipeline-team Pipeline Foods Farm Profit Program: https://www.pipelinefoods.com/about-the-fpp Compeer Financial: https://www.compeer.com/ OGRAIN Compass: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/resources/ograin-compass/ OGRAIN Conference: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/events/ OGRAIN Resources: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/resources/organic-grain-resource-list/ OGRAIN Field Days: https://ograin.cals.wisc.edu/events/prior-ograin-events/ Moses Organic Farming Conference: https://mosesorganic.org/conference/ Moses Organic Field Days: https://mosesorganic.org/events/organic-field-days/ Moses Farmer-to-Farmer Mentoring Program: https://mosesorganic.org/projects/mentor-program/ Farm Profit Program Into the Weeds podcast: https://www.pipelinefoods.com/into-the-weeds-podcast Land Connection Field Days: https://thelandconnection.org/workshops-2/ Practical Farmers of Iowa Field Days: https://practicalfarmers.org/events/field-days/ NCR SARE: https://www.northcentralsare.org/ This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2018-38640-28416 through the North Central Region SARE program under project number ENC18-166. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and service provider. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Genome-Wide Association Studies in Apple Reveal Loci for Aroma Volatiles, Sugar Composition, and Harvest Date" with Dr. Zoë Migicovsky, Dr. Carsten Pedersen Apple breeding can take a long time. Because each seed is the progeny of two different trees and each tree takes five to six years to produce its first fruits, breeders can be waiting years, if not decades, to see the results of their hard work. Drs. Zoë Migicovsky and Carsten Pedersen are working to change that. By comparing the genomes of varying apple cultivars and their phenotypic data (traits you can discern via the five senses), Zoë and Carsten aim to pinpoint which genes are responsible for which traits. With that information, simple DNA testing may be able to shave years off of each round of breeding, helping breeders create better apples for your shelves in far less time. Listen in to learn: What is a genome wide association study? What is the Pometum? Why is it important to pair both genomic and phenotypic data? How can knowing differing sugar ratios improve apple products, such as ciders or wines? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2018.12.0104 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Zoë, you can find her here: [email protected] Twitter: @Zoemig Her lab Twitter: @foodimprover http://www.zoemigicovsky.com/ If you would like to reach out to Carsten, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/818 Dalhousie University site: http://www.cultivatingdiversity.org/ Zoe's personal site: http://www.zoemigicovsky.com/ The Pometum: https://plen.ku.dk/english/about/pfv/the-pometum/ The apple key: https://www.nordgen.org/nak/?chglang=ENG Crowd breeding program (in Danish): https://pometet.dk/projekter/aebleoasen/ Related Papers: "Genome to Phenome Mapping in Apple Using Historical Data": dx.doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2015.11.0113 "Using Living Germplasm Collections to Characterize, Improve, and Conserve Woody Perennials": dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2019.05.0353 "Genome-wide association studies in apple reveal loci of large effect controlling apple polyphenols": https://www.nature.com/articles/s41438-019-0190-y "Population structure, relatedness and ploidy levels in an apple gene bank revealed through genotyping-by-sequencing": https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0201889 Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Winter Phosphorus Release from Cover Crops and Linkages with Runoff Chemistry" with Dr. Merrin Macrae Cover crops can offer a variety of ecosystem services, including reducing soil erosion. However, in colder climates, where cover crops can freeze and die over the winter, there is the possibility that the Phosphorus within cover crops can then leach into surface runoff. Dr. Merrin Macrae and her team decided to dive deep and discover whether or not this trade-off exists and, if so, to what extent. Listen to learn: What do Nalgene bottles and ping pong balls have to do with research? What is it like to do field research in the winter? How can Twitter lead to working research relationships with farmers? Which factors contribute most to surface P runoff? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2018.08.0307 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Merrin, you can find her here: [email protected] Twitter: @merrinm Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/817 Intro to the Special Section from the Journal of Environmental Quality: Agricultural Water Quality in Cold Environments, "Agricultural Water Quality in Cold Climates: Processes, Drivers, Management Options, and Research Needs": dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2019.05.0220 "Agricultural Water Quality in Cold Climates: Processes, Drivers, Management Options, and Research Needs": dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2019.05.0220 Papers from Merrin's Masters students James Cober and Tatianna Lozier: "Nutrient Release from Living and Terminated Cover Crops Under Variable Freeze–Thaw Cycles": dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.08.0449 "Release of phosphorus from crop residue and cover crops over the non-growing season in a cool temperate region": https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378377417301579 "Potential phosphorus mobilization from above-soil winter vegetation assessed from laboratory water extractions following freeze–thaw cycles": https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07011784.2017.1331140 Other papers from this team: Agricultural Water Futures Project: https://uwaterloo.ca/agricultural-water-futures/ "Impacts of Cover Crops and Crop Residues on Phosphorus Losses in Cold Climates: A Review" review article from Jian Liu: dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2019.03.0119 Papers from Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Environment Canada: "Evaluating the potential contribution of vegetation as a nutrient source in snowmelt runoff": https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.4141/cjss2012-050#.Xd2KSehKhhF "Critical Factors Affecting Field-Scale Losses of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Spring Snowmelt Runoff in the Canadian Prairies": dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0385 European and Nordic Papers: "Freezing–thawing effects on phosphorus leaching from catch crops": https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10705-014-9615-z "Freeze–Thaw Effects on Phosphorus Loss in Runoff from Manured and Catch-Cropped Soils": dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0415 Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Plant Species and Hydrology as Controls on Constructed Wetland Methane Fluxes" with Karla Jarecke and Dr. Terry Loecke Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide many important services, such as assisting in water quality, flood control, erosion protection, carbon removal and storage, and biodiversity. Hydrology is the study of water, specifically in how it moves throughout the landscape. Combine them with the conundrum of methane production in wetland plant species, and you've got the makings of a fascinating research project. Specifically, Karla Jarecke and Terry Loecke's project. By testing methane production in two common wetland species under both lab and field conditions, they worked to answer important questions about not only how methane production, hydrology, and wetland species work together, but also how we can better plan for the creation and care of constructed wetlands. Listen in to learn about: The lifecycle of methane within wetlands The different kinds of flora and fauna that live in them How a parks program turned a would-be landfill into a new wetland How field and lab conditions can differ, both in logistics and results If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2018.11.0421 It will be freely available from 15 Nov. to 29 Nov., 2019. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Karla, you can find her here: [email protected] @KarlaJarecke If you would like to reach out to Terry, you can find him here: [email protected] @Loecke1 Resources: CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/816 EPA: https://www.epa.gov/ Society of Wetland Scientists: https://www.sws.org Five Rivers MetroParks Twitter: @MetroParksTweet For Landowners: USDA: https://www.usda.gov/ Wetland Mitigation and Conservation Compliance: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/programs/farmbill/?cid=nrcseprd362686 For Individuals: eBird: https://ebird.org/home National Audobon Society: https://www.audubon.org/ Ducks Unlimited: https://www.ducks.org/ The Nature Conservancy: https://www.nature.org/en-us/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"What We Talk about When We Talk about Soil Health" with Dr. Ryan Stewart. Soil health is an important topic for today's scientists, but how do we quantify it, and when we talk about "healthy soils," what do we even mean? Dr. Ryan Stewart and his team set out to answer just that. Doing a meta-analysis on dozens of studies listed in The Soil Health Institute's Research Landscape Tool, Ryan and his team compared different soil health indicators to determine what scientists are measuring, how they're measuring it, and which are the most valuable in actually determining soil health. Join us to learn: How measuring soil health is similar to measuring health in humans What kinds of soil health indicators scientists measure How these indicators can be grouped and compared across multiple studies Which indicators are the most helpful in measuring soil health If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/ael2018.06.0033 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Ryan, you can find him here: [email protected] @CriticalZoneLab Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/815 Agricultural & Environmental Letters Journal Soil Health Calculator: https://soilhealth.spes.vt.edu/CoverCropCalculator.html Virginia Tech Soil Health Website: https://soilhealth.spes.vt.edu/ NRCS fact sheets: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ Soil Health Institute: https://soilhealthinstitute.org/ Soil Health Institute Research Landscape Tool: http://www.soilhealthinstituteresearch.org/Home/Search Soil Health Institute Conferences and Meetings: https://soilhealthinstitute.org/events/ Soil Health Institute Soil Health Indicators: https://soilhealthinstitute.org/north-american-project-to-evaluate-soil-health-measurements/ SARE: https://www.sare.org/ SARE Cover Crops Economic Bulletin: https://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Bulletins/Cover-Crop-Economics USDA Soil Health Indicators: https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=43754.wba Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Celebrating the 350th Anniversary of Phosphorus Discovery: A Conundrum of Deficiency and Excess" with Drs. Andrew Sharpley, Helen Jarvie, Don Flaten, and Peter Kleinman. 350 years ago, German alchemist Hennig Brandt accidentally discovered phosphorus during his quest to find the philosopher's stone. As it turns out, phosphorus can't turn base metals into gold, but it is one of the most important elements for sustaining life on earth. Join us for this episode as we discuss the discovery of phosphorus, its uses, how we harvest it, and interesting facts about its storied past. Listen to find answers to questions such as: How was phosphorus originally discovered? Why was it called the "Devil's Element"? What do urine, guano, and human bones have to do with mining phosphorus methods? How can we efficiently and wisely manage phosphorus today? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is freely available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2018.05.0170 This article is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Andrew, you can find him here: [email protected] https://experts.uark.edu/experts/2114/andrew-sharpley If you would like to reach out to Don, you can find him here: [email protected] Twitter: @donflaten1 If you would like to reach out to Helen, you can find her here: [email protected] https://www.ceh.ac.uk/staff/helen-jarvie If you would like to reach out to Peter, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/819 JEQ Special Section: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15372537/2019/48/5#heading-level-1-1 Phosphorus Week Blogs "The Discovery and General Uses of Phosphorus" by Andrew Sharpley: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2019/09/15/the-discovery-and-general-uses-of-phosphorus "Why is Phosphorus Needed on Farms?" by Peter Kleinman: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2019/09/15/why-is-phosphorus-needed-on-farms "What are the Sources of Phosphorus for Crops?" by Don Flaten: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2019/09/15/what-are-sources-of-phosphorus-for-crops "What are the Challenges Regarding Phosphorus Use?" by Helen Jarvie: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2019/09/15/what-are-the-challenges-regarding-phosphorus-use "Ten Things We All Can Do to Manage Phosphorus Better" by Don Flaten: https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2019/09/15/ten-things-we-can-do-to-manage-phosphorus-better 4R Nutrient Stewardship from The Fertilizer Institute: https://www.nutrientstewardship.com/4rs/ SERA-17: https://sera17.org/ 4R Plus: https://www.4rplus.org/ Discovery farms: https://aaes.uark.edu/centers-and-programs/discovery-farm-program/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Saturated Riparian Buffers: Are We Trading a Water Quality Problem for an Air Quality Problem?" with Dr. Morgan Davis and Dr. Tyler Groh. Riparian buffers are areas of perennial vegetation planted around stream banks and other riparian zones to protect against soil erosion and nutrient leaching. However, tile drainage systems—piping laid under fields to keep them from becoming too saturated—are designed to bypass riparian buffers, leading to potentially harmful levels of nutrient leaching. Saturated Riparian Buffers are a relatively new conservation technique that aims to reduce those water quality issues by redirecting excess water back into the soil. However, their installation could potentially lead to increased levels of incomplete denitrification, resulting in excess nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, being released into the atmosphere. Drs. Morgan Davis and Tyler Groh work together to examine saturated buffer design and these potential environmental tradeoffs. This episode, listen in to find answers to the following questions: What is tile drainage, and how is it installed? How does denitrification work, and why is it a necessary process? In what ways can we attempt to improve saturated riparian buffer design? Is there really a tradeoff in air and water quality when installing saturated riparian buffers? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2018.03.0127 It will be freely available from 16 August to 30 August, 2019. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Morgan, you can find him here: [email protected] Twitter: @morgandpdavisbgc If you would like to reach out to Tyler, you can find him here: [email protected] Twitter: @TylerAGroh Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/834 In Situ Denitrification in Saturated Riparian Buffers article by Tyler A. Groh, Morgan P. Davis, et. al.: http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2018.03.0125 NRCS Conservation Practice Standard for Saturated Buffers: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/PA_NRCSConsumption/download?cid=nrcseprd1051806&ext=pdf Transforming Drainage Website: https://transformingdrainage.org/ The Soil and Water Conservation Society website on saturated riparian buffers: https://www.swcs.org/resources/conservation-media-library/saturated-buffer-facts Environmental Protection Agency's website on greenhouse gas emissions: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions Managing Denitrification in Agronomic Systems Community: https://www.agronomy.org/membership/communities/managing-denitrification-in-agronomic-systems 2019 Annual ACS Meeting in San Antonio, Texas: https://www.acsmeetings.org/ 2019 Annual Meeting Oral Session for Managing Denitrification in Agronomic Systems: https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2019am/meetingapp.cgi/Session/19300 Intergovernmental panel on climate change: https://www.ipcc.ch/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Effects of Biomass Removal Levels on Soil Carbon and Nutrient Reserves in Conifer-Dominated, Coarse-Textured Sites in Northern Ontario: 20-Year Results" with Dr. Dave Morris Forest harvesting varies greatly from annual harvests of agricultural crops, with extended times between harvests, the amount of harvested material removed, and the degree of site disturbance. Trees can grow to impressive sizes, but can take up to 60 years or more to reach a merchantable size. Because of these factors, the potential impact of these forest harvest operations on the environmental conditions needed for successful tree regeneration and growth can be substantial. Dr. Dave Morris, in collaboration with colleagues from the Canadian Forest Service, have been examining the potential impacts of forest biomass removal on the sustainability of these harvesting practices. With his team from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry in Canada and sites from across the North American Long-term Soil Productivity Network, he's spent 25-years looking at how forest soils and the regenerating forest recover after different intensities of forest biomass removal. Tune in to learn more about: How does the removal of forest biomass affect the health of soil and the regenerating forest? How does the forest "recover" after stand-replacing disturbances? How do foresters try to minimize environmental impact? How does one coordinate a 25-year research project? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2018.08.0306 It will be freely available from 19 July to 2 August, 2019. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Dave, you can find him here: [email protected] Listener Survey As a reminder, we are running a listener survey until July 27. Listeners who complete the survey and join our newsletter will get a free, exclusive loyal listener sticker. You can complete the survey here: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/N8V2YSL Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.soils.org/education/classroom/classes/813 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry: https://www.ontario.ca/page/ministry-natural-resources-and-forestry Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/ONresources/posts/2121303117916894 Dead wood facebook post: https://www.facebook.com/ONresources/photos/a.735069293206957/1796941180353091/?type=3 #MNRFScience on social media Local Citizens Committees: https://www.ontario.ca/page/forest-management-planning Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

Happy birthday to us! In honor of our first birthday, we've put together a blooper reel. And to keep the good times rolling, we've developed a short, five minute survey to help us improve. Please take the time to fill it out, and enjoy some of our favorite flubs! Thank you to all of our amazing guests from year one! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/N8V2YSL If you would like to sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/podcast Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"A Low-Cost Automated System for High-Throughput Phenotyping of Single Oat Seeds" with James Clohessy. A Rube Goldberg machine is a machine intentionally designed to complete a simple task using overly complicated steps. James Clohessy and his team are doing just the opposite. Using machine learning, web cameras, open software, and photogrammetry techniques, they're developing low cost, high-throughput, high efficiency phenotyping systems. With these systems, researchers can save hours of time that would normally be spent on taking individual seed measurements by hand, such as height, width, and color, all while gaining greater detail about the seed such as volume and density. Listen in to learn more about James' new system as well as: What are phenotyping and photogrammetry? What are some of the applications of knowing seed size, color, and weight? What are some of the limitations of high-throughput phenotyping? What are some of the future applications of these machine learning systems? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2135/tppj2018.07.0005 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: http://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to James, you can find him here: [email protected] https://www.linkedin.com/in/jameswclohessy/ @ufifasnfrec Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/814 Cornell Plant Breeding and Genetics Section: https://plbrgen.cals.cornell.edu/ Paul Armstrong: https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/mhk/cgahr/spieru/people/paul-armstrong/ Dr. Guo's Easy PPC program: http://park.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/Field-Phenomics/ninolab/PhenotypingTools/EasyPCC.html HeatSync Labs: https://www.heatsynclabs.org/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Vadose Zone Gas Migration and Surface Effluxes after a Controlled Natural Gas Release into an Unconfined Shallow Aquifer" with Olenka Forde. Olenka Forde thinks a lot about a world that we'll never see – the world existing right underneath our feet. Olenka's research is related to hydraulic fracturing and she is interested in how we can safely extract oil and gas resources without negative impacts on fresh water supply, wildlife, and even humans. She does this by monitoring the fate and transport of gases in the subsurface and emissions at the ground surface at a controlled natural gas release experiment, essentially simulating what happens when a gas well leaks. Gas leakage at oil and gas wells is an old problem, but has garnered renewed interest with the advent of hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is a process that works to free valuable natural gas from beneath rock deep in the earth through injecting a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals at a very high pressure. The gas is released through these cracks and up through a constructed well to the surface for collection. Occasionally; however, sealing of wells is imperfect and gas present along the borehole escapes, causing the potential for groundwater contamination and surface emissions. Olenka works to map the pathway of gases after the point of release, eventually with the goal of creating improved action plans for industry professionals to keep people and the environment safe. Tune in to learn about her research and find answers to questions such as: What's the difference between an unconventional and conventional gas well? What makes a well leak? What are the risks associated with gas leakage? What happens to gas after it enters an aquifer? Why can it be challenging to find gas leakage? What's a flux chamber? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.02.0033 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Olenka, you can find her here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.soils.org/education/classroom/classes/833 Cahill, 2017: https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2919 Cahill, 2018: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971733468X Steelman, 2017: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169772217300360?via%3Dihub Vidic, 2013: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/340/6134/1235009 Alvarez, 2018: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6398/186 Soeder, 2018: http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/science/G361A/article.htm Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Color, Transfer, and Application Parameters of Turfgrass Colorants" with Garland (Drew) Pinnix. In kindergarten, we're taught that colors can be one of seven colors of the rainbow. Later, we learn fun colors like purple mountain majesty and get excited when our friend brings a 50-pack of crayons. In reality though, color is much more complex, a mixture of hue, brightness, and saturation. Drew Pinnix thinks a lot about color, specifically in relation to turfgrass. Most of the time, the beautiful turfgrass we see at golf courses or football fields is due to careful management by professionals trained in plant science or agronomy. However, sometimes weather or cost restrictions gets in the way, and turfgrass managers look to colorants to get the turfgrass ready for use and for cameras quickly. However, getting a natural color that won't rub off as football players slide in after a fumble is incredibly complicated. That's where Drew's team comes in. He works to scientifically evaluate turfgrass colorants so football fields and golf courses can keep looking gorgeous year-round. Tune in to learn more about Drew's experimental design, turfgrass management, and learn answers to the following: What are some reasons that turfgrass managers might use colorants? What is overseeding, and why might it be done intentionally? What is hue angle? What is the difference between hue, saturation, and brightness? Does a colorant work better on wet or dry turf? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.2134/agronj2017.03.0164 It will be freely available from 19 April to 3 May, 2019. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Drew, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/832 "Air Temperature Effects on Turfgrass Colorant Transfer" paper: dx.doi.org/doi:10.2134/cftm2017.12.0091 "Leaf Wetness Influences Turf Colorant Application" paper: dx.doi.org/10.2134/cftm2018.12.0099 TurfFiles: https://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Toward Better Understanding of Terrestrial Processes through Long-Term Hydrological Observatories" with Dr. Heye Bogena. Hydrology, put plainly, is the study of water: how it moves, where it goes, and what's inside it. Hydrologists gather as much information as they can about water in order to understand current water trends and to predict potential water patterns in the future. In a changing climate, this is more crucial than ever. Using data from multiple networks of hydrological observatories, hydrologists gather information and create and test models surrounding questions such as: How will land use change affect water flux? Will climate change create conditions for more low or high flow events? How can forestation affect frequency of high flow events? They then use this information to create resources for natural resource managers, officials, and the public to make informed decisions. In this episode, we'll take a deeper look at how hydrological observatories are making strides in understanding water and its movement around the world. We'll discuss: What's a catchment? What is the history of hydrological observatories? How do hydrological observatories communicate? Why should different disciplines of sciences collaborate with hydrology? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper, the introductory paper to the Hydrological Observatories special section in Vadose Zone Journal, is available here: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.2136/vzj2018.10.0194 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Heye, you can find him here: Email: [email protected] Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3) web page: http://www.fz-juelich.de/ibg/ibg-3/EN/Home/home_node.html http://www.fz-juelich.de/ibg/ibg-3/EN/Staff/B/Bogena%20Heye/Bogena%20Heye.html?nn=1239630 Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.soils.org/education/classroom/classes/831 TERENO web page: www.tereno.net Bi-annual TERENO newsletter (downloadable at the TERENO website and distributed via email). European Network of Hydrological Observatories (ENOHA): https://www.enoha.eu/ German Drought Monitor: https://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=37937 AMMA-Catch paper from VZJ Special Section: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0062 Bogena TERENO paper from VZJ Special Section: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0055 Heinrich TERENO paper from VZJ Special Section: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.06.0116 Kiese TERENO paper from VZJ Special Section: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0060 OZCAR paper from VZJ Special Section: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.04.0067 Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

Precision Agriculture Basics with Dr. David Clay Dr. David Clay, along with the precision agriculture community, are working like codebreakers to crack the secret to more efficient, more environmentally friendly farming. The key? Understanding variability. Across any given farm field, there are many discrepancies in how given points of the field react to similar management practices. If farmers understand what causes those discrepancies, they can fine tune management in ways that can optimize fertilizer and pesticide use, inputs, and time. Getting this type of information used to mean extensive and costly soil sampling. Dr. Clay discusses how tech has made it possible to make great management decisions from data obtained miles above a farm. Learn about this as well as: What are the types of variability found in a field? Why does topography affect yield? How does the Dust Bowl impact us and the land today? What is soil's memory effect? What are zone sampling and grid sampling? Why is the difference important? How can one identify chlorophyll from miles away? If you would like more information about this topic, Precision Agriculture Basics is available here: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.2134/precisionagbasics Front Matter: https://doi.org/10.2134/precisionagbasics.2018.frontmatter The first chapter will be freely available from 15 February to 1 March, 2019. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to David, you can find him here: [email protected] https://www.sdstate.edu/directory/david-clay Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/830 Precision Agriculture Basics: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.2134/precisionagbasics Practical Mathematics for Precision Farming: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.2134/practicalmath Precision Conservation: Geospatial Techniques for Agricultural and Natural Resources Conservation: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.2134/agronmonogr59 "Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities in the Precision Agriculture Workforce: An Industry Survey," published in Natural Sciences Education: https://doi.org/10.4195/nse2018.04.0010 On-Farm Research Special Section in Agronomy Journal: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14350645/2019/111/6 You can sign up for alerts for new Agronomy Journal content from the sidebar here: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14350645 Sensor-Based Nutrient Management community: https://www.agronomy.org/membership/committees/view/A012.1# Precision Agriculture Systems community: https://www.agronomy.org/membership/committees/view/A012.3# Sensor-Based Water Management community: https://www.agronomy.org/membership/committees/view/A014.6# Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Hand Planter for the Developing World: Factor Testing and Refinement" with Dr. Bill Raun Across Central America, South America, and Africa, there are thousands of acres of land with slopes and landscapes that will never be suitable for mechanized agriculture. For hundreds of years, they have been planted by hand, a practice that continues today. The problem is, as technology in chemical seed treatments has advanced, technology in hand-planting techniques has not, resulting in thousands of farmers' exposure to seed-friendly chemicals that can lead to sickness and even birth defects in humans. After splitting much of his childhood and early career between North, South, and Central America and seeing the results of this exposure, Dr. Bill Raun decided it was time to do something about it. Working with engineering students and professors at Oklahoma State University, he has spent more than 20 years developing a new hand planter that will work with existing hand-planting techniques to increase yields and get good, chemically treated seed out of farmers' hands. Listen now to learn: What are some of the problems Central American farmers face when using traditional hand-planting techniques? How can use of the hand-planter and modified hand-planting techniques double yields for developing world farmers? Why is anthropology so key in designing new tools, and how does human interaction affect design? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/age2018.03.0002 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/837 Hand Planter Site: http://nue.okstate.edu/Hand_Planter.htm Nitrogen Use Efficiency Site: http://nue.okstate.edu/ CSA News article: https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/story/2016/feb/mon/handplanter-could-boost-productivity-for-worlds-poorest-farmers Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Review: Sediment-Related Controls on the Health of the Great Barrier Reef" with Dr. Peter Hairsine. In 2016, a catastrophic bleaching event killed off around 30% of the Great Barrier Reef's coral. The reef has been in a precarious spot for decades, but climate change and human-caused pollution have amplified the threats to its existence. Dr. Peter Hairsine is a scientist with The Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia, working on the front lines of monitoring and researching the reef's responses to these changes, with an ultimate goal of preserving it as one of the world's richest and most unique ecosystems. Join us as Dr. Hairsine and I discuss the stresses that the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) currently experiences. Warming ocean temperatures, deteriorating river water quality, and tropical storms all threaten the fragile coral that houses thousands upon thousands of native species. You'll learn the three ecosystems of reef within the GBR, as well as the sources of sediment and attached pollutants that currently feed into it. Also in the episode: Why is the reef considered a "nutrient desert"? Why is that a good thing? What is a bleaching event? Why does it happen? How does a "plague" of starfish occur? How do reservoirs help trap sediment before it can reach the reef? What is an evidence based way of prioritizing the locations where rehabilitation money should be spent? If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.05.0115 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Peter, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.soils.org/education/classroom/classes/829 Mentioned around 6:30 in the interview: De'ath, G., Fabricius, K.E., Sweatman, H. and Puotinen, M., 2012. The 27–year decline of coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef and its causes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, p.201208909. https://www.pnas.org/content/109/44/17995 The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/reef-health Australian Institute of Marine Science: https://www.aims.gov.au/ The Australian Government's Reef Trust: http://www.environment.gov.au/marine/gbr/reef-trust Queensland Government Reef Water Quality Improvement Plan: https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/coasts-waterways/reef-program Fighting the crown-of-thorns foe video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGN0z29e3fM Crown of Thorns Starfish video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBkv_SSvm5U Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Pyramiding of Alleles from Multiple Sources Increases the Resistance of Soybean to Highly Virulent Soybean Cyst Nematode Isolates" with Dr. Brian Diers. One of a farmer's greatest enemies is a nemesis that they never even see. A nematode sounds like a ghastly swamp monster – in reality, it's a microscopic worm that does some big time damage to soybean fields. These little guys love living in the soil and sucking on soybean roots. A bad infestation of soybean cyst nematodes can cost a farmer around 30 to 40% of his or her crop. So how does one fight a nemesis that is too small to see? You build up a resistance. That's what Dr. Brian Diers is developing through his soybean breeding research. He's been working with crop wild relatives, soybean varieties, and plant breeders to identify sources of resistance and ways to incorporate that resistance into soybean. This process is a race against time. Resistant soybean varieties are almost entirely from a single source. Nematodes are becoming more and more capable of overcoming this resistance. Listen in to learn: How Dr. Diers team finds a gene location responsible for resistance How to visually identify nematode infestation How to create a genetic marker How a polymerase chain reaction is used in genetics research If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.12.1007 It will be freely available from 16 November to 30 November, 2018. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Brian, you can find him here: [email protected] https://cropsciences.illinois.edu/people/profile/bdiers http://soybeaninnovationlab.illinois.edu/team-members http://www.tropicalsoybean.com/tropical-soybean-university/brian-diers Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/828 State Extension programs: https://nifa.usda.gov/extension Find your State Extension program: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/extension-search United Soybean Board, Soybean Checkoff program: http://unitedsoybean.org/ Brian's Other Crop Science Papers "Impact of Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance on Soybean Yield" http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.07.0628 "Fine Mapping of the SCN Resistance QTL cqSCN-006 and cqSCN-007 from Glycine soja PI 468916" http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.2135/cropsci2012.07.0425 Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Mercury Unaffected by Wildland Fires in Northern Minnesota" with Dr. Randy Kolka and Trent Wickman. We often hear of the dangers of mercury to pregnant women and children that require them to restrict fish consumption. For good reason – even at low concentrations, mercury can do serious damage to neural networks and reproductive systems. However, we talk little of how the mercury gets in these fish in the first place. The most common way mercury enters the ecosystem is through the burning of coal; however, it can also volatilize via prescribed and wild fires in forests. From there, it can redistribute into other parts of the ecosystem, such as lakes, and work its way into the food chain. This can hurt the animals that rely on lakes or the fish that live in them to survive. It can also hurt people. For Dr. Randy Kolka and Trent Wickman of the USDA Forest Service, who love the people and wildlife of Northern Minnesota – they had to know more. They set up a study on two lakes – one that hadn't seen a fire in over 100 years and one that had a serious fire that covered over 99% of the watershed – and sampled soil, water, and fish to compare mercury levels. In this episode, they discuss their experimental design, along with a breakdown of the realities of fieldwork. It can be tough carrying heavy equipment or samples of lakewater, let alone camping gear and food; they discuss how they made choices on what to bring, how samples were collected, and how they managed the logistics of the trips. Tune in to learn this and more: How does one collect a water sample from a deep lake? What's a "crown fire" and why is it so dangerous? How is fire severity judged? Why perch? If you would like more information about this topic, this episode's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2016.10.0418 It will be freely available from 19 October to 2 November, 2018. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Randy, you can find him here: https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/people/Kolka [email protected] If you would like to reach out to Trent, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/827 No Mercury Accumulation in Fish after Fire: https://www.soils.org/discover-soils/story/burn-without-concern BWCWA: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/superior/specialplaces/?cid=fseprd555184 Randy's additional fire and mercury publications: https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/people/Kolka MN Department of Health fish consumption advisories: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/fish/index.html USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station: https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ USDA Forest Service, Air Resource Management R8 & 9: https://webcam.srs.fs.fed.us/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"An Inventory of Crop Wild Relatives of the United States" with Dr. Stephanie Greene. Crop Wild Relatives week is September 22 – 29, 2018! Crops are vital to feeding an expanding world – and like anything incredibly important, they need to be protected from things like disease, environmental disaster, and anything else that can pose a real threat. The key to their protection? Unexpected heroes that could be growing in your back yard– wild varieties of domesticated crops called crop wild relatives. Crop wild relatives are the close cousins of domesticated crops (think a poodle vs. a wolf). Often, these crops are well-adapted to their environment and can exhibit wild superpowers such as drought or disease resistance. And because they are so closely related to domesticated crops, scientists can cross them with crops that people rely on for food or other uses, such as wheat or blueberries. The result – stronger, healthier crops– and peace of mind that your favorite blueberry muffins will be available for years to come. Dr. Stephanie Greene and seedbanks around the world have made it their mission to catalog, protect, and educate the public on these wild, unruly cousins of crops and how scientists use them to give our favorite crops super strength. This year, for Crop Wild Relatives week, tune in to find answers to the following questions and more: What's the point of a gene bank? What type of traits are scientists looking for in crop wild relatives? How do they determine which ones are important? What's a gap analysis, and how is it done? Why is it so important that the public knows about crop wild relatives? If you would like more information about this topic, please visit our Crop Wild Relatives Week website here: https://www.crops.org/crop-wild-relative/ Today's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2012.10.0585 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Stephanie, you can find her here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/826 Crop Wild Relative Diversity Site: https://www.cwrdiversity.org Crop Wild Relatives Site: www.cropwildrelatives.org/ Wild Relatives Resource Site: https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/ethnobotany/wildrelatives.shtml Crop Wild Relatives of the US Site: https://cwroftheus.wordpress.com/ Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

The Farm Bill with Dr. Julie McClure and Dr. Elizabeth Stulberg If you have ever eaten food in the United States, you've been impacted by The Farm Bill, a mega-bill that is due for renewal in Congress this September. Although it heavily affects farmers, the Farm Bill covers a huge swath of topics: wildlife conservation, rural affairs, agriculture research, food stamps, and a lot more. If it seems like a big and overwhelming deal, that is because it is. Luckily, we have Drs. Elizabeth Stulberg and Julie McClure, two ASA-CSSA-SSSA science policy managers that are fluent in scientific research and the ins and outs of Washington politics to be our guides. For our membership, they work as translators between scientists and policymakers. Scientists want to know about relevant happenings in D.C. and new available funding opportunities; policymakers want to know new science that could impact their legislative districts. We discuss the amazing history of the Farm Bill, how the bill will move through Congress this September, and what happens to the $1 trillion that is slated to be budgeted for this next Farm Bill. As it turns out, passing an important bill (especially a bill that affects so many) is hard! Put your learning caps on, because we're about to take a deep dive into the process of how a concept grows from idea into a large-scale part of our daily lives. Tune in to learn: Why is the Farm Bill so huge? What does the Farm Bill have to do with The Dust Bowl? What's a congressional committee and what do the different committees do? How are committee assignments made? What's an authorization, and how is that different from an appropriation? What's mandatory funding, and why would a bill need it? Where are we are with the Farm Bill today? Please note: At around 32:00 Dr. McClure says FFAR funds have to be matched by public funding, but in fact they must be matched by private (non-federal) funding. If you would like more information about the Farm Bill, check out the Farm Bill Policy webpage or check out these articles from CSA News: June 2017: https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2017.62.0622 March 2018: https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2018.63.0321 July 2018: https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2018.63.0732 These articles will be freely available from 7 September to 21 September, 2018. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Julie or Elizabeth, you can find them here: https://crops.org/science-policy/about-us Julie: @McClurePhD [email protected] Elizabeth: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/825 Legislative Action Network: https://www.crops.org/science-policy/get-involved/lan Farm Bill Pages: https://agronomy.org/science-policy/farm-bill-policy https://crops.org/science-policy/farm-bill-policy https://soils.org/science-policy/farm-bill-policy Society Policy Pages: https://agronomy.org/science-policy/ https://crops.org/science-policy/ https://soils.org/science-policy/ USDA Leadership Opportunities: ACS-NIFA Internship https://agronomy.org/undergrads/awards-scholarships https://crops.org/undergrads/awards-scholarships https://soils.org/undergrads/awards-scholarships Congressional Fellowship https://agronomy.org/science-policy/fellowship https://crops.org/science-policy/fellowship https://soils.org/science-policy/fellowship Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Simulated Canola Yield Responses to Climate Change and Adaptation in Canada" with Dr. Budong Qian. Canada really cares about the future of canola. It has surpassed spring wheat as the dominant crop in Canada, covering 8.5 million ha of Canadian agricultural land. It is even named after Canada, as the word canola itself is a contraction of "Canada" and "oil". However, climate change and increasing temperatures threaten Canada's canola sector—which is why Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada has constructed a team of scientists to study the future of canola and Canada's agricultural areas, which are projected to have a 3 to 3.5 °C increase in temperatures within the next 30 years. Tune in to learn: What exactly is canola, and why does it matter? How Dr. Qian simulated the response of canola growth to future climate change scenarios Potential adaptations for canola to climate change If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.02.0076 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Budong, you can find him here: [email protected] http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/research-centres/ontario/eastern-cereal-and-oilseed-research-centre/scientific-staff-and-expertise/qian-budong-ph-d/?id=1426279254549 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Budong_Qian Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/824 DSSAT and Crop Growth Models: https://dssat.net/ Canola production in Canada: https://www.canolacouncil.org/ Scientific research and innovation: http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/?id=1360882179814 Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Benefits of Insect Pollination to Confection Sunflowers Differ Across Plant Genotypes" with Dr. Rachel Mallinger. Sunflowers are a hallmark of an American summer. They're grown for beauty, but they are also important industrial crops in America, grown for sunflower oil, for fresh eating (of the seeds), and for bird seed. And although we've slowly bred them to be more independent of pollinators, sunflowers still partner with bees. And not just honey bees. More often, they partner with native bees. Did you know honey bees aren't even native to the U.S.? And while just as charismatic in their own way, native bees might not fit the usual description of a bee that we imagine. Most U.S. bees don't have a colony, don't have a queen, and don't have a hive that sits in a tree. And yet these mostly underground, solitary dwellers are the ones that are so important for sunflowers (and many flowers). Dr. Mallinger's research looks at the fascinating relationship between these species – the confection sunflower and native bees. She wants to be able to measure this relationship. How do sunflowers benefit from pollination by bees? Tune in to learn more about Dr. Mallinger's research and to find answers to these questions: What are the differences between a honey bee and a native bee? Why should we care about native bees? What is Dr. Mallinger's favorite type of bee? How does pollination increase the yield of sunflowers? If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.03.0148 It will be freely available from 20 July to 3 August, 2018. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Rachel, you can find her here: [email protected] www.rachelmallinger.com www.twitter.com/remallinger Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/835 For bees: Xerces Society: https://xerces.org/ Pollinator Partnership: http://pollinator.org/ The Great Sunflower Project: https://www.greatsunflower.org/ Rachel's lab: www.rachelmallinger.com Bee Identification: http://beesinyourbackyard.blogspot.com/p/poster.html Bee Identification Book: https://press.princeton.edu/titles/10593.html, Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Artificial Sweeteners Reveal Septic System Effluent in Rural Groundwater" with Dr. John Spoelstra. Dr. John Spoelstra is something like a wastewater detective. If there is secret wastewater that is contaminating groundwater and putting health outcomes at risk, he wants to know. To trace the path of wastewater, he uses a special set of tools: tracer compounds. These are compounds that are not found in the natural environment, but have a lot of human use. Examples are caffeine, acetaminophen, anti-seizure medication, and a recent discovery Dr. Spoelstra and his team have found to be incredibly effective: artificial sweeteners. Think about it: they are in everything from fruit snacks to ketchup to toothpaste and mouthwash. In his latest research, he needed to investigate the source of a surplus of nitrogen in a community's soil. Artificial sweeteners in rural wells and river seeps pointed to a wastewater problem. Listen in to hear more about: The potential threats of wastewater to the environment and humans How Dr. Spoelstra's team figured out that artificial sweeteners could be such a powerful tool What ion chromatography is and how it separates out the chemicals in a sample If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2017.06.0233 This paper is always freely available. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to John, you can find him here: [email protected] https://profils-profiles.science.gc.ca/en/profile/john-spoelstra https://uwaterloo.ca/earth-environmental-sciences/people-profiles/john-spoelstra-0 Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/823 "Grand River has highest levels of artificial sweetener pollution on record:" https://www.therecord.com/news-story/4271982-grand-river-has-highest-levels-of-artificial-sweetener-pollution-on-record/ Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems: https://www.epa.gov/npdes/municipal-wastewater EPA-Private Wells: https://www.epa.gov/privatewells EPA-Septic Systems: https://www.epa.gov/septic Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

Rapid soil formation in engineered soils, as highlighted in the article "Soil Evolution Par for the Golf Course" with Glen Obear. Not all of us who go golfing think about what is happening underneath the green. Glen Obear has always been that kind of guy. Since his high school days, he has wanted to be a golf course superintendent – even though he doesn't play that much golf! What fascinates him is the science of developing a golf course. We may simply see a beautiful, natural-looking terrain, but those rolling hills and magnificent green fields are the product of the hard work of agronomists, soil scientists, and engineers. They manipulate the elements of soil creation to create a terrain that is perfectly suited to its purpose – an engineered soil. Engineered soils are everywhere – from an urban garden bed to athletic fields to green roofs. Glen's internship work at a golf course in Hawaii led him to find an interesting problem that not even his agronomy professors could solve. Iron pan layers called placic layers were developing in the greens between the sand and gravel layers. These layers were preventing the greens from draining water. However, there was little prior literature on these layers developing in engineered soils. He's now focused his PhD research on these placic layers. Listen in to learn to hear Glen discuss more of his research on engineered soils and to learn: How a putting green is developed, and how they keep it so green What CORPT means The differences between engineered and natural soils If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2017.62.0616 It will be freely available from 22 June to 6 July, 2018. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or sign up for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Glen, you can find him here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/822 University of Nebraska Turfgrass Science: https://turf.unl.edu/ "Soils with iron-cemented layers on golf courses in the USA" https://turf.unl.edu/research/iron_cemented_layer/geoderma.pdf USGA: http://www.usga.org/content/usga/home-page/course-care/turfgrass-and-environmental-research/research-updates/2018/genesis-and-prevention-of-layers-in-putting-green-rootzone-profi.html Research Spotlight: Automating XRF analysis of turf soils: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJzYzuITz44&list=PLwj31x_xFLecSVdfbDs6gnEM8rRWY3gJz Research Spotlight: Iron-Layer Formation in Sand Root Zones: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_iQjshOnHw&list=PLwj31x_xFLecSVdfbDs6gnEM8rRWY3gJz&index=3 Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (Vis-Nir-Swir) as a Promising Tool for Blue Carbon Quantification in Mangrove Soils: A Case of Study in Tropical Semiarid Climatic Conditions" with Dr. Gabriel Nuto Nóbrega. Mangrove forests are some of the most important forests in the world. Mangroves are uniquely adapted to acting as a middleman. They can deal with very high salinity and hide tides, but when the tide drops, they can deal with the low salinity. They act as nurseries for young birds, fish, and large, rare mammals like dugongs and manatees before they are ready to branch out into the ocean. They also have the important ability to act as a carbon sink – they take carbon from the atmosphere and trap it in the soils. Dr. Gabriel Nuto Nóbrega has been working with this aspect of mangrove soils since his undergrad days. He wanted to know just how much carbon mangrove forests have the capability to sequester. However, the act of doing so had proven tricky. Not only were traditional methods not reliably measuring the carbon, but they were leaving a toxic residue behind – not ideal in an important and sensitive ecosystem. His solution was DRS – diffusive reflectance spectroscopy, a technique that is not only friendlier to the ecosystem, but cheaper and easier than traditional methods. Listen in to learn about: What makes mangrove soils different than terrestrial soils How DRS functions similarly to the human eye How Dr. Nóbrega has learned to avoid getting stuck in mangrove forests' sticky soils All the work that goes into taking a mangrove soil sample from the forests into the lab – it's not easy If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.04.0135 It will be freely available from June 22 to 6 July, 2018. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or signup for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Gabriel, you can find him here: [email protected]/GNNobrega If you would like to reach out to other members of Gabriel's research group, you can find them here: https://twitter.com/Tiago_OFerreira https://twitter.com/QueirozHM https://twitter.com/danilo_ichi Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.soils.org/education/classroom/classes/836 Blue Carbon Initiative: http://thebluecarboninitiative.org/ Blue Carbon Portal: http://bluecarbonportal.org/ Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo: https://www.researchgate.net/institution/University_of_Sao_Paulo/department/Departamento_de_Ciencia_do_Solo_LSO_ESALQ http://www.en.esalq.usp.br/departments/soil-science Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Assessment of Selected Antibiotic Resistances in Ungrazed Native Nebraska Prairie Soils" with Dr. Lisa Durso. Antibiotic resistance has revealed itself as one of the great public health threats of our lifetimes. It currently causes 23,000 deaths per year and $55 billion of health costs in the U.S. Those numbers are predicted to skyrocket in coming years without major change. However, there's a caveat that makes researching it harder. Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally in soil, even without antibiotics present – but we're not sure why. That's where Dr. Lisa Durso comes in. She works with the USDA-ARS to look at Nebraskan soils and examine how much antibiotic resistance really occurs in untouched soil so we can establish a baseline for future research. She works with native prairie soils all over Nebraska to promote the broader goal of learning how drug-resistant genes survive in environments, and how they can move from field to people. Tune in to learn: Unexpected grocery store products that were created by the USDA-ARS Top health threats listed by the CDC How bacteria share resistance genes like a banana bread recipe How scientists count bacteria If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.06.0280 It will be freely available from 22 June to 6 July, 2018. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or signup for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Lisa, you can find her here: [email protected] Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/821 CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/protecting_yourself_family.html More information on antibiotic resistance: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/index.html Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.

"Achieving Diverse Cover Crop Mixtures: Effects of Planting Date and Seeding Rate" with Dr. Ebony Murrell and Dr. Mac Burgess In fall, organic farmers across the country will start spreading seeds for crops that they won't ever harvest. The reason? They're cover crops! The secret agents of the crop game, these are crops that are planted in between plantings of cash crops like corn or wheat because of their many benefits to the land, the environment, and the farmer. Historically, they've been planted to prevent water from carrying nutrients away in runoff. But in recent years, there have been discoveries of the many other benefits that cover crops provide, everything from weed suppression, to breaking up soil compaction, to making more nutrients like nitrogen available to their crops in spring. Dr. Ebony Murrell and Dr. Mac Burgess are fascinated with all of this. They've found that mixing cover crops together can bring those benefits to the next level, especially if they are equally represented in the spring. Working with a panel of farmers, agronomic industry professionals, and academics, the two developed four seed mixes that brought together some of the most popular cover crops to see how these pairs worked with one another and how each was represented in spring. Listen in to learn: How Dr. Murrell moved from mosquito research to cover crops How cover crops are like football players How to get started with trying out cover crops for yourself If you would like more information about this topic, today's paper is available here: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.03.0174 It will be freely available from 22 June to 6 July, 2018. If you would like to find transcripts for this episode or signup for our newsletter, please visit our website: https://fieldlabearth.libsyn.com/ Contact us at [email protected] or on Twitter @FieldLabEarth if you have comments, questions, or suggestions for show topics, and if you want more content like this don't forget to subscribe. If you would like to reach out to Ebony, you can find her here: [email protected]://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ebony_Murrell If you would like to reach out to Mac, you can find him here: http://plantsciences.montana.edu/directory/faculty/1582268/macdonald-burgess Resources CEU Quiz: http://www.agronomy.org/education/classroom/classes/820 "Diversifying Cover Crop Mixtures" CSA News article: https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2017.62.0518 Penn State: http://agsci.psu.edu/organic/research-and-extension/cover-crop-cocktails Practical Farmers of Iowa: https://www.practicalfarmers.org/ NRCS: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/site/national/home/ Midwest Cover Crop Council: http://mccc.msu.edu/covercroptool/covercroptool.php Managing Cover Crops Profitably: https://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books/Managing-Cover-Crops-Profitably-3rd-Edition Field, Lab, Earth is copyrighted to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.