″“Most painful condition known to mankind”: A retrospective of the first-ever international research symposium on cluster headache” by Alfredo Parra 🔸

<p> Article 5 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights states:</p><p> "Obviously, no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment."</p><p> OK, it doesn’t actually start with "obviously," but I like to imagine the commissioners all murmuring to themselves “obviously” when this item was brought up.</p><p> I’m not sure what the causal effect of Article 5 (or the 1984 UN Convention Against Torture) has been on reducing torture globally, though the physical integrity rights index (which “captures the extent to which people are free from government torture and political killings”) has increased from 0.48 in 1948 to 0.67 in 2024 (which is good). However, the index reached 0.67 already back in 2001, so at least according to this metric, we haven’t made much progress in the past 25 years. Reducing government torture and killings seems to be low in tractability.</p><p> Despite many [...]</p> <p><i>The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.</i> </p><p>---</p> <p><b>First published:</b><br/> May 18th, 2025 </p> <p><b>Source:</b><br/> <a href="https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/7FvDvMQypyua4kTL5/most-painful-condition-known-to-mankind-a-retrospective-of?utm_source=TYPE_III_AUDIO&utm_medium=Podcast&utm_content=Source+URL+in+episode+description&utm_campaign=ai_narration" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/7FvDvMQypyua4kTL5/most-painful-condition-known-to-mankind-a-retrospective-of</a> </p> <p>---</p> <p>Narrated by <a href="https://type3.audio/?utm_source=TYPE_III_AUDIO&utm_medium=Podcast&utm_content=Narrated+by+TYPE+III+AUDIO&utm_term=ea_forum&utm_campaign=ai_narration" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">TYPE III AUDIO</a>.</p> <p>---</p><div style="max-width: 100%";><p><strong>Images from the article:</strong></p><a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/bd3d75826ba4d67455693ed078c1b760f69b92a0af66b9f28437fa7b6a621f35/lelatrha87dqhxgfybvc" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/bd3d75826ba4d67455693ed078c1b760f69b92a0af66b9f28437fa7b6a621f35/lelatrha87dqhxgfybvc" alt="Dr. Caroline Ran speaking at the 2025 Symposium on the recent advances in Cluster Headache research and medicine" style="max-width: 100%;" /></a><hr style="margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px;" /><a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/e8d151738e831363de2aa79ccc35e6c1690814d51d7d954999058d514c15b6a6/lfuyxfydnhnknmpreczm" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/e8d151738e831363de2aa79ccc35e6c1690814d51d7d954999058d514c15b6a6/lfuyxfydnhnknmpreczm" alt="From Burish et al. (2020). Cluster headache is one of the most intensely painful human conditions: Results from the International Cluster Headache Questionnaire" style="max-width: 100%;" /></a><hr style="margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px;" /><a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/02e7c9d40f7af2ccd73b0c40d8a4f1fee3d9e1a69316da46f133979e3cc1460b/ohemeqdslsztay8zfvcz" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/02e7c9d40f7af2ccd73b0c40d8a4f1fee3d9e1a69316da46f133979e3cc1460b/ohemeqdslsztay8zfvcz" alt="Cluster headache advocates" style="max-width: 100%;" /></a><hr style="margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px;" /><a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/d0a25d08edb8f386636f57d6899fd83b5bd1704bd4e6517e4b9bbfec966586ea/kpcvssbzjefdfrp8yzzd" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/d0a25d08edb8f386636f57d6899fd83b5bd1704bd4e6517e4b9bbfec966586ea/kpcvssbzjefdfrp8yzzd" alt="From Bratbak et al. 2016" style="max-width: 100%;" /></a><hr style="margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px;" /><a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/2d0dcf65da7331608609ae6db50e6fe70324e7b5a13d9f676a6f88a5b0deac18/bicksvubw7na6zc0m34c" target="_blank"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/cea/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1/mirroredImages/2d0dcf65da7331608609ae6db50e6fe70324e7b5a13d9f676a6f88a5b0deac18/bicksvubw7na6zc0m34c" alt="List showing "20 yrs. of prescription medications" and non-prescription treatments for medical conditions. The image displays an extensive medication list divided into two main sections: a comprehensive catalog of prescription medications spanning 20 years and a column of non-prescription treatments. The list includes various medications like antidepressants, pain medications, antihistamines, and alternative therapies." style="max-width: 100%;" /></a><p><em>Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try <a href="https://pocketcasts.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Pocket Casts</a>, or another podcast app.</em></p></div>