Constitutional Chats Presented By Constituting America

Presidential immunity is in the news a lot lately. It derives from a notion that all three branches of government retain powers to execute their duties under the constitution. But there is also a tradition in our country that no one is above the law. In a nation that follows established law, not following those laws can lead to anarchy or distrust in the government. We have a lot to unpack with this very timely and relevant topic. To help us do so alongside our student panel, we are delighted to welcome fan-favorite guest Adam Carrington, associate professor of politics at Hillsdale College.

Did you know the United States Supreme Court has agreed to hear four cases pertaining to social media this term? One of the major issues is whether or not an elected official has the authority to limit speech on social media accounts by blocking critical comments pertaining to their work in office. We know government cannot prohibit your speech, but are elected officials required to permit all comments on their official pages, or can they censor them? What about their personal pages? Can the government pressure social media companies to take down posts the government seems "misinformation"? There's a lot to unpack with these various cases so we are delighted to welcome Michael Dimino, Professor of Law at Widener University's Commonwealth Law School for this very timely discussion.

Who is the Speaker of the House and what are his duties? How does a bill become law? What are the three branches of government. Let's be honest, so many in our country are not fully educated on civics. If we don't understand how Congress works, we get frustrated with the whole process. This leads to an overall sentiment that Congress is broken. Our guest today likes to say "without public trust, you cannot govern. Without governing, people get angry and hostile and walk away from the system." Today, joining our student panel to discuss how we can begin to fix this, is our special guest Michael S. Johnson, author of "Fixing Congress: Restoring Power to the People."

Winning a war was just the beginning for George Washington's service to our new country. After retiring to Mount Vernon post-war, Washington saw a weakness in our country under the Articles of Confederation. He felt the future of republican democratic self-government globally was dependent on the American experiment. If it were to fail in that perfect post-war moment, man was probably not destined to govern himself. Washington's views on what the government should look like can seem to be contradictory in that he wanted a strong central government, as opposed to what the country had under the Articles of Confederation, but he also wanted the National government to be limited. Rather than contradictory, this reveals a principled man. To discuss Washington's vision for the country with our student panel, we are delighted to welcome back Tony Williams, Senior Teaching Fellow with the Bill of Rights Institute for this historical conversation.

The relationship between the federal and state governments is not always clear. These two governments exist simultaneously but at times have different goals and objectives. The federal government can use its purse strings to coerce a state government to take an action and that state can simply refuse. The Founders wanted states to solve major issues that were not under the federal purview to establish "laboratories of democracy." Joining our all-star student panel, we are happy to welcome Ken Cuccinelli, former Virginia state senator, Virginia attorney general and Deputy Secretary, Department of Homeland Security, as we discuss this unique relationship.

Can you name the President? We hope yes! Can you name your state's governor? More than likely yes. But can you name your mayor and city council members? While the issues nationally get the most attention, your local government's actions impact your day-to-day life more. Issues like your water supply, trash pickup, sewage, and police and fire departments are all controlled by local entities. Some mayors aren't paid a salary at all but one defining feature of mayors is they come directly out of the community in which they are serving. They are your friend and neighbor. To help us better grasp the importance of local officials, we are delighted to welcome Andrew Wambsganss, former mayor of Southlake, TX., to our podcast as we discuss the duties and responsibilities of local government officials, and why he says you can have the most impact by local government participation.

Regular listeners will certainly recognize this famous phrase from the Declaration of Independence: "That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." As the governed who give consent to the government, we have several mechanisms through which we can give that consent and voice approval or disapproval with an elected official. Perhaps the most direct mechanism is through a town hall discussion. A town hall is simply a public meeting between an elected official and their constituents where a number of topics pertaining to upcoming or past legislation can be discussed. To help us better understand all things related to a town hall, we are delighted to have two guests joining our student panel. Rochelle Porto is a longtime Pennsylvania activist who regularly participates in town halls in her state and Rep. Lynn Stucky has represented parts of North Texas in the Texas Legislature since 2017.

At Constituting America, we love to talk about federalism. Federalism is a founding principle that government authority is best when one central government does not have all authority, but it is divvied up between local, state and national government. Have you ever thought about why we have this system and what its virtues are? In a large country with varied geographical interests, why does this system work? Should those closest to a problem be the ones to solve that problem, and what are the benefits of this principle of subsidiarity? To help us further grasp the virtues of federalism, we are delighted to welcome Brenda Hafera, Assistant Director and Senior Policy Analyst for the Simon Center for American Studies at The Heritage Foundation, for this engaging discussion.

We have a military. We have a militia. When it comes to protecting our citizens, both play a role. The same militia mentioned in the second amendment is actually defined in 10 U.S. Code § 246 as able-bodied men over 17 and under 45 years old, who are or intend to become US citizens and female citizens who are members of the National Guard. What precisely are the differences in roles of the organized and unorganized militia compared to the military? Under what circumstances is a militia's Commander in Chief the President or a state's governor? When can the military and militia be deployed and what are the limits placed on them such as "posse comitatus?" To help our student panel answer these questions, we are delighted to welcome back longtime friend of Constituting America, Andrew Langer. Andrew is an author, speaker, writer, frequent guest on both radio and TV programs and the President of the Institute for Liberty.

One of the biggest events in the news lately has been the situation at our southern border and illegal immigration. Texas, due to its lengthy border with Mexico, is front and center in this discussion that involves the role both state and federal governments play in immigration. While the U.S. Constitution says Congress has the authority to write immigration-related laws and the executive branch has the authority to implement these laws, what can a state do if the laws are not carried out? Joining our all-star student panel to answer this, we are pleased to welcome Lora Ries, Director of the Border Security and Immigration Center at The Heritage Foundation.

Since World War II, the United States, as the world's lone superpower, has promoted democracy around the world with a focus on the longevity of the nation-state. After all, a nation-state that is whole and free, holds free and frequent elections and is representative of its people will tend to have greater stability, less war, more prosperity and greater trade opportunities. But as our guest discusses, lately we are seeing a greater build-up of multi-lateral and regional organizations to replace the nation-state. How can the US foster a greater reliance on the nation-state as the core unit of analysis? How can we promote relationships between nation-states, instead of regional bureaucracies, for more prosperity? Joining our student panel, we are thrilled to welcome Dr. Kiron Skinner, Taube Professor of International Relations and Politics at the Pepperdine School of Public Policy.

Think about the environment under which our Constitution was drafted. Our new nation had just waged and won a war for independence and was surrounded on all sides with hostility: the British in the north and their navy out to sea, the Spanish empire to the south, British and French ships patrolling the Caribbean and sometimes hostile Native American tribes to the west. Our Founders knew war was necessary but also had a healthy wariness about where the power to wage it should reside. The Founders questioned if war powers could lead to tyranny and questioned the effect of standing armies. Thus, Article 1, Section 8, Clause 11 gives this power to Congress and not the President. Joining our student panel to help us further understand why, we are pleased to welcome Reid Smith, vice president of foreign policy at Stand Together where he serves as an expert of constitutional war powers and foreign policy.

In 1948, the United States under President Truman became the first country to recognize the existence of Israel. Since then, the two nations have been staunch allies. This alliance is certainly being put to the test with the latest round of fighting between the state of Israel and Hamas, the Islamic group which controls Gaza. What is the legal process for the US to provide aid to Israel? What is the dual role Congress and the President play in helping our ally? To help us answer these questions and more, we are delighted to welcome Lt. General (Ret.) Keith Kellogg. General Kellogg is a retired three-star Army General and was a national security advisor to the Vice President. We are grateful he is sharing his unique expertise with our student panel.

Seemingly, the United States has been engaged in some armed conflict somewhere in the world for most of our lives. However, the United States has not had a formal declaration of war since World War II. How exactly does that happen? From what authority does the Congress and President engage in war or armed conflict? What is a Congressional Authorization for Use of Military Force and what are its limitations? How does all of this relate to the almost 2 year long conflict in Ukraine today? To help us answer all of these worthwhile questions with our all-star student panel, we are delighted to welcome Jamil Jaffer, Founder and Executive Director of the National Security Institute at the Antonin Scalia Law School at George Mason University, for this discussion on war powers.

We are wrapping up our series on the Bill of Rights with this special episode on the 10th Amendment. In just 28 words, it grants tremendous powers not to the federal government but to the states. How so? Regular viewers of our chats know Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution grants 17 specific powers to Congress. That's it. The 10th Amendment says any powers not granted by the Constitution to the federal government are under the purview of the states or the people. The Founders did this because they were wary of a strong central government, having just fought a war against a strong central government in King George III. To help us unpack the ramifications and importance of the 10th Amendment, along with our all-star student panel we are delighted to welcome the 71st Governor of Virginia, The Honorable Robert F. "Bob" McDonnell as our special guest to discuss this special amendment.

The Ninth Amendment might seem a bit confusing at first glance. To understand its massive significance requires some insight into what the Founders were thinking. Think of the Bill of Rights not as granting rights to the people but rather restricting what the government can and cant do in the lives of its citizens. To wit, it would be impractical to list every right a citizen has and as such the rights specifically enumerated in the Bill of Rights should not be viewed as a limit to those rights. Helping us and our all-star student panel grasp the importance of this amendment, we are delighted to welcome Ilya Shapiro, Senior Fellow and Director of Constitutional Studies at the Manhattan Institute, as a guest on this week's show.

Once again, the Founders showed their preference for brevity with the 8th Amendment. It is actually the shortest of all the amendments but packs a wallop in just 16 words! In this week's chat, we are discussing the elements of the 8th Amendment: protections against excessive bails and fines and protections against cruel and unusual punishments. We answer what is a cruel and unusual punishment, who decides the standard by which punishment is deemed legal or illegal, how does this relate to "death-eligible" crimes in the application of the death penalty and what is the evolving standard of decency that's used as litmus test? For this insightful conversation, we are pleased to welcome Paul McNulty, former US Attorney, Former Deputy US Attorney General and current president of Grove City College to share his knowledge and insight with our all-star student panel.

As we discussed last week, the Sixth Amendment guarantees a trial by jury in a criminal trial, among other guarantees. The Seventh Amendment guarantees a trial by jury in federal civil cases for disputes over $20. Why were the Founders so adamant about jury trials as opposed to a single judge? What is the difference between a civil or common law trial and a criminal trial? What are the exceptions to a trial by jury? And how does this apply and function in conjunction with state law? Alongside our student panel, we are delighted to welcome Eric J. Wise, partner at Alston & Bird, to help us understand the historical context, need and purpose of the Seventh Amendment.

A criminal trial has the potential to permanently alter the rest of one's life. Punishments can range from fines to imprisonment to execution. This gives the government tremendous ability to impose penalties on its citizens. The Founders understood this and laid out criteria under which criminal trials would proceed. Under the Sixth Amendment, trials are speedy and fair, juries are impartial and Congress cannot take any of these rights away from the accused. We are delighted to have joining our all-star student panel Paul J. Larkin, Senior Research Fellow at the Heritage Foundation as he helps us understand the focus, meaning and purpose of the Sixth Amendment.

The Fifth Amendment really packs a punch. Think about the Constitution like this: the body of the Constitution created the new government and the Bill of Rights immediately put constraints on that government's power. The Founders had a natural skepticism and nervousness about governmental power especially when it comes to the prosecuting of criminal activity. The Fifth Amendment lists 5 significant restraints on government: indictments by a grand jury, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, guarantees of due process and protects private property through the Takings Clause. Joining our all-star student panel, we are delighted to have returning fan-favorite guest Andrew Langer, President of the Institute for Liberty, to help us unpack this crucial amendment.

The Fourth Amendment provides two specific protections: protection against unreasonable searches and seizures and requirements for when a warrant can be issued. At only 54 words, the amendment continues the Founders' penchant for brevity and leaves room for interpretation through the courts. How do we define what is unreasonable and probable and how has this standard changed over time? At one point the United States Supreme Court said a search had to involve a physical trespass onto your property. Obviously that standard has changed due to wiretaps and electronic communication. To help us unpack the ever-changing circumstances around how we define searches, seizures and warrants, we are pleased to have Steven G. Bradbury joining our student panel. Mr Bradbury is a Distinguished Fellow at the Heritage Foundation and has served in multiple Presidential administrations in various legal roles and will provide us with a keen insight into the Fourth Amendment.

At first glance, in a contemporary view, the Third Amendment may seem like a relic from the founding era of our country. Today, it would seem strange for the military to require homeowners to house and feed soldiers. We think it just would not happen. Perhaps the certainty around it not happening today should be attributed to the Third Amendment's success: being so unambiguous and precise when it was written. Join our all-star student panel and returning guest Hans von Spakovsky, Senior Legal Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, for this insightful discussion on this oft-overlooked yet critical amendment and the important founding principles it reflects, including the right to property.

Last month the governor of New Mexico issued a temporary public health order restricting the carrying of firearms in Albuquerque and Bernalillo County. The bipartisan pushback against this order was swift and she later amended the order to only apply at parks and playgrounds. From where, if anywhere at all, did the governor derive such a power? Does this conflict with the second amendment and laws that allow for carrying of firearms? This is the topic we are discussing today. Joining our all-star student panel, we are honored to have John R. Lott, Jr., President of the Crime Prevention Center, as our special guest for this important discussion.

Free speech in the First Amendment protects us from government censorship but not private censorship. This means the government cannot censor your speech but a private entity such as a newspaper does not have an obligation to publish your speech. Continuing this analogy, are social media companies more like a newspaper where they can pick and choose which speech to publish or more like a telephone company where they allow all speech regardless of content to use their infrastructure? What happens when the government wants to stifle otherwise free speech, but doesn't have the grounds to do so? We've seen a troubling trend of the government pressuring social companies to censor speech. Joining our all-star student panel to discuss this trend, we are excited to welcome Brad Smith, Professor of Law at Capital University, former FCC Chairman and founder and Chairman of the Institute for Free Speech for this informative discussion.

Court with lifetime appointments. They decide the most pressing issues of federal law. Did you know the Court regularly receives over 7,000 annual petitions for a case to be heard, but only accepts 60-70 cases per year? Did you know the 9 justices get to decide which cases they hear? Did you know the justices employ a few dozen law clerks to help them work through their caseload? Our guest today has the incredible accomplishment of clerking for not just one Supreme Court Justice but two, and a third justice before he was elevated to the Supreme Court. Whitney Hermandorfer works as Director for Strategic Litigation in the Tennessee Attorney General's Office and we are excited to welcome her alongside our all-star student panel for this incredible conversatio

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." Regular followers of Constituting America understand the importance of this passage from the Declaration of Independence and our natural rights: rights given to us by God that can never be taken away. But take this a step further and you see how these inalienable rights begin to create our system of justice. Without natural rights, rights become merely a privilege and can be taken away…justly or unjustly. We are delighted to have Dr. Jason Stevens, Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science at Ashland University, joining our all-star student panel as we dig deeper into our natural rights to find our foundation of justice.

Our federal government is divided into three branches and each branch has certain powers over the others. We identify this as separation of powers and checks and balances. What if all three powers were held in one set of hands? That government would be the definition of tyranny. Our founders knew government is both necessary and very dangerous so they created this system so today we can ensure equal protection of equal rights for all citizens. We are delighted to welcome Dr. Thomas Krannawitter, President of Speak Easy Ideas, and our all-star student panel for this discussion of checks and balances.

The United States Supreme Court has various depictions of Lady Justice in and around the building. These depictions portray her with three items: a blindfold, scales and a sword. The blindfold and scales suggest the use of reason and logic in judicial judgement. The sword suggests the strength to carry out that judgement. Have you wondered how the concept of an independent judiciary furthers the separation of powers because one branch of government cannot be the judge in its own case? To elaborate further on these fascinating themes, we are delighted to have Richard Reinsch, Director of the B. Kenneth Simon Center for American Studies and AWC Family Foundation Fellow at The Heritage Foundation, join our all-star student panel for this insightful discussion.

Regular followers of Constituting America understand our appreciation for the Declaration of Independence as one of the most groundbreaking documents ever written. Did you know this document was crafted as a logical argument listing both major and minor premises against the Crown making the case for colonial independence? It also illustrates three levels of justice: natural law, legal justice and what can best be described as justice related to conscience. Joining our all-star student panel, we are excited to have William Morrisey, former Professor at Hillsdale College returning as our special guest as we discuss this historic document as America's conscience.

John Adams wrote, "Liberty can no more exist without virtue and independence than the body can live and move without a soul." To understand the need for civic duty, one must fully grasp civic virtue and to fully grasp civic virtue, one must have a civic education. Understanding the hows and whys of our governmental system is vital in knowing how we can best participate and contribute to that structure. We are excited to have Charles "Cully" Stimson, USN, Retired, returning as our special guest with our all-star student panel for this exciting and "virtuous" discussion.

Not very long ago, the circumstances to which you were born largely dictated the path your life took. If you were born into the aristocracy, you likely died the same way. If you were born into poverty, you likely died the same way. The United States ushered in a new era of thinking: meritocracy. It is this notion that a people should rise and fall based on their achievements and not the circumstances of their birth or membership in a social class. We take this for granted today, but this was a novel idea in the late 18th century. So what are the merits of a meritocracy? How does it foster innovation and hamper cronyism? To help us grasp this concept, we are delighted to welcome back our all-star student panel and Andrew Langer, President of Institute for Liberty, for this "meritorious" discussion.

American sovereignty is such a fundamental ideal in the American experiment that it's mentioned in both the opening and closing of the Declaration of Independence. Succinctly, sovereignty is the power to do something and shapes our ability as a people through our elected representatives to make decisions that are best for us. Why were the Founders so concerned with sovereignty? Why was it so necessary not just to win it but maintain it? We are pleased to have our student panel joined by returning guest Christopher C. Burkett, Director of the Ashbrook Scholar Program and Associate Professor of Political Science at Ashland University, to shed light on this vital concept.

The Declaration of Independence so eloquently laid out "charges" against the Crown - detailing why independence was necessary. The test of the Constitution is whether or not it serves the goals and aims of the Declaration of Independence. In the Constitution, the Founders had to strike the proper balance of liberty and order as our new nation was leaving an oppressive government behind while at the same time providing stability for its citizens. In order to accomplish this lofty objective, our Founders needed to empower government but at the same time restrain it. Nearly 250 years into the American experiment, we are still working to create our "more perfect union." Join our guest Constitutional expert Professor Paul Carrese, founding director of the School of Civic & Economic Thought and Leadership at Arizona State University, and our all-star student panel as we explore how we empower and restrain our government through checks and balances, separation of powers and federalism.

What can history teach us? Well…everything! Our Founding generation understood history and studied it when creating the framework for our country. From ancient city-states to the fall of empires, our Founders looked at what did and did not work in past governments. One can argue our current government, this great experiment in self-governing is an amalgamation of previous forms, choosing the best traits but leaving out the worst. Joining our all-star panel, we are pleased to have returning Joe Loconte, Senior Fellow at the Institute on Religion and Democracy and Senior Fellow at King's College in New York, for this insightful and "historic" discussion.

Americans love a good origin story. This love carries into the origin story of our country. Today, we are discussing the role of Providence and faith in the origin story of the United States. What role did religion have on our founders and how is that root belief carried on today? To help us unpack this topic, we are delighted to welcome Nathanael Blake, a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, and our all-star student panel for this "origin story" discussion.

What is popular government? What do we mean when we say we are self-governing? In his 1863 Gettysburg Address, President Lincoln summarized it rather clearly: "…that government of the people, by the people, for the people…". According to our guest, in those few word Lincoln answered who creates our government, who administers our government and for what purpose. Join our guest expert, Adam Carrington with Hillsdale College, and our all-star student panel for this informative discussion on popular government.

In drafting the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson put a specific emphasis on natural law and weaved that theme throughout the entire document. While the Declaration of Independence did not create the new United States government. it severed ties with our previous government so a new one could be formed, and set out important principles upon which our new government would be based. What exactly is natural law, of which Jefferson so eloquently wrote? How do we "know" these "self-evident" truths? From what further historical inspiration did Jefferson derive the Declaration Independence? To help us unravel the philosophical foundation of this groundbreaking document, we are pleased to have Tony Williams, author and Senior Teaching Fellow at the Bill of Rights Institute, returning to join our student panel as we begin a new series on the timeless principles of the American founding.

It's only about 100 miles from the southern tip of Florida, yet couldn't be more different than its American neighbor. Cuba is yet another example of a revolution that promised change but then turned on its people to usher in a communist dictatorship. While Cuba has a constitution that enshrines rights, those rights are seldom recognized by the government. Article 56 of their constitution guarantees a right to assemble, demonstrate and associate but government dissidents are often jailed, tortured or disappear. Join our guest expert John Barsa, executive director of the Foundation for Human Rights in Cuba and the former acting administrator for USAID, and our all-star student panel for further insight into our neighboring country.

Oppressive states and regimes run by a dictator have something in common; an iron grip on every aspect of their citizens' lives. Basic freedoms-like speech, assembly, religion-don't exist in these countries. As westerners, we read about these oppressions. But every now and then, we are able to hear a first-hand account of what happens inside these secretive governments. We are honored that today is one such day. Our guest is Chen Guangcheng. An activist and lawyer, Chen was beaten, jailed and placed under house arrest by the Chinese government. In April 2012, Chen escaped house arrest and was given refuge in the US embassy in Beijing. In May 2012, Chen and his family were granted US visas and they came to the United States. We are beyond excited to have Chen as our special guest, joining our all-star student panel, for this insightful and first-hand account into life inside the People's Republic of China.

It was once the richest country in South America with the largest proven fossil-fuel reserves in the world, according to the World Economic Forum. In just 24 years, this country now sees over half its population living in poverty. In today's chat, we are of course talking about Venezuela. Venezuela, which became socialist through a democratic election in 1999 when Hugo Chavez came to power, serves as a cautionary tale. For a deeper dive into what went wrong in Venezuela, we are pleased to have Daniel DivMartino as our returning guest along with our all-star student panel. Daniel is a native Venezuelan and graduate fellow at the Manhattan Institute. Join us for this fascinating discussion!

It's only existed for 31 years. It covers roughly 1/8 of all inhabitable landmass on earth with a population of 143 million. It has a constitution and a parliament but for 23 years, it has been ruled by one individual. Today, we are discussing the dictatorship of the Russian Federation and its ruler, Vladimir Putin. How did Putin come to power and consolidate his iron grip over his country following the dissolving of the Soviet Union in the 1990s? What strides towards democratization was the Soviet Union making? What is the status of basic civil liberties like freedom of speech, freedom to dissent and freedom to protest? For all of these answer and many more, join our all-star student panel and our special guest, Mark Kramer, Director of the Cold War Studies Project at the Davis Center at Harvard University, as we unpack the Russian Federation.

Look at a map of the Korean Peninsula at night. In the southern half of the peninsula, you will see pockets of bright lights denoting South Korea's cities and population centers. In the northern part, you will see an expanse of a dark expanse with the occasional tiny light. That's not an ocean or other body of water. That's North Korea, an absolute dictatorship and one of, if not the most, isolated countries on Earth. How did this happen? Does North Korea have a Constitution? What is the relationship between the people and their government? What role does "juche" play in the lives of North Koreans? To help us understand this country, we are pleased to welcome Suzanne Scholte. Suzanne is a noted human rights activist, president of the Defense Forum Foundation is the vice co-chair of the U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. Thank you for joining Suzanne and our student panel for this eye-opening discussion on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).

In our previous chat, we discussed how Iran's form of government is a republic in nature, similar to our own republic, but is decidedly authoritarian in substance. In today's chat, we are discussing Saudi Arabia, a country that lacks those same institutions in favor of an absolute monarch. Leading a country of roughly 38 million, the Saudi king is the head of the ruling family that dates back over 300 years to the First Saudi State. What do you know about how this country was formed and how it is ruled? What type of legislative body does Saudi Arabia have and how are its legislators chosen? What role does Wahhabism play in every aspect of the Saudi government? How is this country looking towards the future through its Vision 2030 effort? To help us unpack these questions, we are delighted to have Ilan Berman, Senior Vice President of the American Foreign Policy Council in Washington, DC, join our all-star student panel for this exciting discussion.

This country has a constitution which establishes an executive, legislature and judiciary. They have rights guaranteed under the law. No, we are not talking about the United States. Today we are discussing Iran. Although their Constitution May resemble ours, in practice, their government operates very very differently. Join us as we discover how and why and discuss just who the Ayatollah is, what is "Guardianship of Islamist Jurist and much more! Joining our panel is our guest speaker Dr. James S. Robbins, Academic Dean of the Institute for World Politics, writer for USA Today and Senior Fellow on the American Foreign Policy Council, for this insightful discussion on the Islamic Republic of Iran.

When you hear the term "Artificial Intelligence," what comes to mind? Seemingly overnight, AI has become a topic of daily conversation with the rise of Chat GPT in 2022. But what exactly is AI? How can it be used? What are the Constitutional issues raised with AI? What are the potential effects on our civil rights and civil liberties? These are the questions we tackle in this week's Constitutional Chat. Joining our all-star student panel, we are excited to welcome privacy and cyber-security expert Dan Caprio, Co-Founder and Executive Chairman of the Providence Group to hep us unravel all things AI.

The Department of Foreign Affairs started off as the first Department of the executive branch with 6 employees led by Thomas Jefferson in 1789. Now it's called The United States State Department and employs 75,000 and maintains diplomatic relations with around 180 countries. But what do you know about this historic agency and the work it does around the world? What is its role in International diplomacy, national security and advancing US interests overseas? Why is it a good idea to register with the State Department when traveling overseas? And what is an Ambassador and how can you become one? To answer all of these questions and many more, we are delighted to have Former U. S. Ambassador to Estonia and President of the Institute of World Politics, Aldona Woś, joining our all-star student panel for this informative and insightful chat.

Ben Franklin wrote in 1789, "…nothing is certain except death and taxes." Our chat today is all about the IRS and our taxes. Last year, as part of the Inflation Reduction Act, Congress approved $80 billion in new IRS funding. How exactly is this money going to be spent? Will it lead to an increase in audits for everyday taxpayers? Why did Congress allocate this money related to reducing inflation? For these answers and so many more, join our all-star student panel and the Heritage Foundation's Preston Brashers for this insightful chat on the "certainty" of the IRS.

Ever heard the term "alphabet agencies?" It often refers to various federal government agencies that have usually 3-letter names. Many of these are in the national security community: DHS, CIA, FBI, NSA, DIA, ODNI and many more. What exactly do you know about the various agencies and their mission? When were they formed and for what purpose? How did September 11th change the scope of their missions? We have a lot to unpack in this week's chat. Joining our all-star student panel, we welcome Dustin Carmack, Research Fellow, Cybersecurity, Intelligence, and Emerging Technologies, Border Security and Immigration Center with the Heritage Foundation to help us understand these agencies and their role in national security.

What exactly do you know about the debt and debt ceiling? What are they? Think of the debt ceiling like the credit limit on a credit card and the debt is the total sum of all that spending. In this analogy, wisdom would say spending should be kept to a minimum and the balance paid off in full each month. Unfortunately, this is not how our federal government operates and we routinely rack up debt future generations will have to pay off without their approval. We have been accruing national debt from the moment our country was born. In addition to our student panel, we are pleased to welcome Veronique de Rugy, the George Gibbs Chair in Political Economy and Senior Research Fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University and a nationally syndicated columnist. Her writing and research focuses on the economy, taxation and the federal budget.

What would the Founders think of social media's unlimited and instant communication across the country and around the world? Would they try to regulate it? From what authority could the Founders and subsequent government actually regulate social media? What are the main differences between social media entities and TV or radio which use public spectrum to broadcast? These are questions worth pondering as we discuss the government's role in social media in today's chat. We are honored to welcome our guest, Carl Szabo, Vice President and General Counsel of NetChoice and Adjunct Professor of Internet Law at George Mason Antonin Scalia School of Law and our student panel for this informative and lively chat.