Blockspace: AI & Bitcoin

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Dr. Hashem Hashemian, President of the American Nuclear Society and CEO of AMS, joins us to talk about the massive resurgence of nuclear energy in the United States. We dive into the shift from decommissioning plants to life-extensions of up to 100 years, the economic impact of AI and data centers on power demand, and the $12 billion investment flowing into Tennessee's nuclear hub. Dr. Hashemian explains why nuclear fell out of favor and the challenges the industry faces as it gets back on its feet. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * 94 nuclear plants produce 20% of US power. * License extensions aim for 100-year lifespans. * $12B committed for nuclear fuel refining in Oak Ridge. * $100M Tennessee state funding for nuclear dev. * Global nuclear must triple for climate goals. * $1.7B Oklo recycling plant coming to Tennessee. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 05:51 Tennessee represent 07:56 State of the nuclear industry 10:42 Nuclear faded in USA 17:19 Barriers to Nuclear development 20:12 Reforming the Nuclear Regulatory Commission 27:01 Red tape 29:47 What other policies would be good? 32:41 China copying 34:17 Remaining chokepoints 38:05 States leading the charge 40:46 Are SMRs really a thing? 44:18 Why are SMRs taking so long? 46:21 Fusion? Are we still talking about this? 48:56 Recycling fuel 👉CleanSpark CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉Luxor, Blockspace's preferred mining poolBitcoin mining revenue changes every day. Difficulty adjusts. Fees move. Prices shift. And that makes it hard to plan. Luxor Pool’s Fixed Payouts let miners lock in revenue at a guaranteed daily rate for up to 18 months. According to Hashrate Index, miners who used rolling fixed payout strategies since the last halving have outperformed FPPS mining by up to 15 percent. Fixed Payouts give you predictable daily revenue, so you can plan, budget, and grow with confidence. With Luxor, uncertainty is optional. Learn more at luxor.tech/mining Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Charlie and Colin cover the Block’s 40% workforce reduction and why the stock ripped 20% on the news. We also dive into the bitcoin mining conditions that are driving hashprice to all-time lows, Blockspace’s scoop that Magic Eden is sunsetting its Bitcoin Ordinals marketplace, MARA’s latest AI partnership, and the Terra/Luna lawsuit against Jane Street. Plus, Luxor’s Michael San Miguel joins the show to discuss the ins and outs of the GPU market. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Block laid off 40% of its 10,000 employees. * Block stock surged 20% after the layoff news. * Bitcoin hash price hit an all-time low of $28. * Bitcoin difficulty adjusted upward by 14.73%. * Magic Eden is shutting down BTC and ETH marketplaces, multi-chain wallet * Bitdeer sold all its bitcoin; Cipher plans to sell its bitcoin in 2026 * MARA forms partnership with data center developer Starwood Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:33 Hashrate update via Luxor’s Hashrate Index 09:29 Block lays off 40% of staff 16:37 Magic Eden shutting down 25:54 GPUs & compute 28:03 GPU vs ASIC complexity 29:04 Upgrading hardware 32:16 Finding a compute buyer 34:00 Powershell vs Neocloud 37:12 Compute still in price discovery mode 42:05 MARA earnings 45:20 CIPHER dumping bags 48:44 Jane Street is the new boogyman 59:34 Everyone's short MSTR 👉CleanSpark CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉Luxor, Blockspace's preferred mining poolBitcoin mining revenue changes every day. Difficulty adjusts. Fees move. Prices shift. And that makes it hard to plan. Luxor Pool’s Fixed Payouts let miners lock in revenue at a guaranteed daily rate for up to 18 months. According to Hashrate Index, miners who used rolling fixed payout strategies since the last halving have outperformed FPPS mining by up to 15 percent. Fixed Payouts give you predictable daily revenue, so you can plan, budget, and grow with confidence. With Luxor, uncertainty is optional. Learn more at luxor.tech/mining Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Rapha Zagury, CEO of Elektron, joins us to talk about the company’s management of Tether's massive 50 EH/s bitcoin mining portfolio. Rapha breaks down Elektron and Tether’s partnership, the incipient market bifurcation between AI/HPC and Bitcoin mining, and why he believes progress is directly correlated with energy use. We dive into the legal origins of Elektron, the company’s global footprint across 32 sites, and the future of mining as Tether and Elektron double down on hashrate while the rest of the industry eyes AI. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Tether runs 50 EH/s with Elektron * Greenfield sites trading at $1/MW amid AI boom * Elektron manages ~200,000 ASICs globally * Operations span 32 sites across 5 countries * AI and BTC Mining bifurcation expected in 6 to 12 months Timestamps: 00:00 Start 05:31 BTC market crash 07:59 Who is Rapha? 11:16 What is Elektron? 14:46 Swan & Tether legal struggle 18:00 Asset light build out plan 23:20 Business setup 25:05 Why mine? 33:18 Hashrate geographic distribution 38:54 Bad places to mine BTC? 40:50 AI & HPC 48:56 3.8% staff costs 52:11 Hashrate growth 57:28 There's ALWAYS stranded energy 59:44 Elektron IPO? 👉CleanSpark CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉Luxor, Blockspace's preferred mining pool Bitcoin mining revenue changes every day. Difficulty adjusts. Fees move. Prices shift. And that makes it hard to plan. Luxor Pool’s Fixed Payouts let miners lock in revenue at a guaranteed daily rate for up to 18 months. According to Hashrate Index, miners who used rolling fixed payout strategies since the last halving have outperformed FPPS mining by up to 15 percent. Fixed Payouts give you predictable daily revenue, so you can plan, budget, and grow with confidence. With Luxor, uncertainty is optional. Learn more at luxor.tech/mining Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Join hosts Charlie Spears and Colin Harper for weekly insights, stories, and interviews in Bitcoin, AI/HPC and more. With 3 shows per week, we'll fill you up on what's actually happening in the world of emerging tech assets. If you're an investor in public data centers, mining companies, or bitcoin, this is the show for you. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amanda Fabiano, former Head of Mining at Galaxy and now with Nakamoto, joins us to talk about the shift from Bitcoin mining to building diversified Bitcoin operating businesses. Why the "HODL-only" strategy is evolving for Nasdaq-listed companies, the importance of recurring revenue, and how NAKA is positioning itself as a leader in the next phase of the Bitcoin financial infrastructure. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: • Strategy focused on recurring revenue models. • Transition from mining to operating businesses. • Shift toward diversified crypto business models. • Market adjustment for Bitcoin specific firms. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 05:26 Amanda joins NAKA 07:18 BTC Inc brands 12:06 Valuing companies 16:45 Kindly MD deal 20:18 Next steps & business lines 21:53 Raising debt 28:49 Senior debt obligation 32:54 Preferred equity 34:17 Dividends? 34:58 David Bailey on both sides of the books 40:31 Using proceeds to buy BTC not debt 44:21 NASDAQ delisting notice 49:34 Wrap up 👉CleanSpark CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Matt from CoinShares, Kaan from Luxor, and Jay from Lygos join us to talk about the massive 14.7% Bitcoin difficulty adjustment and the impact of the recent Arctic blast on North American miners. We dive deep into Luxor's 21-month mining analysis, showing why hedging has outperformed spot mining since the 2024 halving. Finally, we discuss Ledn's historic Triple B-rated Bitcoin-backed bond and how institutional investors are beginning to view Bitcoin as high-quality collateral compared to traditional assets. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: • Bitcoin difficulty spikes +14.73 • Hashprice drops to all-time low of $30/PH/day. • ERCOT uneconomic hours rose over 900%. • Ledn bond rated Triple B- by S&P Global. • Hedging outperformed spot mining in 2025 Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:56 Bombshell difficulty adjustment!!! 20:08 Ledn's $188M Bitcoin-Backed Bond Securitization 31:03 Nakamoto acquires Bitcoin Conference & UTXO Mgmt 38:24 Datacenter cry corner/culture corner 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Matt Hougan, CIO of Bitwise, joins us to talk about the current state of the crypto winter and when the bottom is finally in. We explore the digital gold narrative, explaining why central bank buying—not debasement—drove gold’s recent surge. Matt details the institutional vs. retail divide, the impact of Fed Chair Kevin Warsh, and the looming debate over Bitcoin’s security budget. Plus, we tackle the quantum discount and how AI agents could 1000x on-chain activity. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Altcoins like Sui and Aptos fell 70%+ in 2025. * Institutions might end the winter by Q2 2026. * BTC volatility capped at 50-60% drawdowns. * Gold price surge driven by central bank buys. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:22 Is it still "crypto winter"? 04:34 Why January? 06:36 Market segments 08:31 Gold 10:54 Central banks & Bitcoin 12:56 Causes of the crash 14:52 Kevin Warsh 16:58 Fed hawks become doves 17:34 Quantum... oh so scary! 19:59 Bitcoin Core 21:44 Revenue 24:37 Beyond "digital gold" narrative 26:44 AI 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Chris Alfano, CEO of 360 Energy, joins us to talk about the integration of Bitcoin mining and oil & gas. We discuss the recent investment from Halliburton and what it signals for the industry. Chris explains why major oil companies prefer giving away waste gas for free over taking hash price exposure, the technical challenges of dirty fuel gas, and the shift from individual wellheads to large-scale pipeline deployments. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Hash price hit all-time low of $29/PH/day. * China ban cut 80% of global hash rate. * 5 of last 6 difficulty adjustments negative. * AI infrastructure costs $10-$15M per megawatt. * Bitcoin price dropped to $65,000 level. * Sub-50 MW sites are the new frontier. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:22 AI boom & China mining ban 08:30 What edge do miners have over hyperscalers? 13:23 Energy production limits 21:23 Small scale HPC 24:23 Batteries 35:46 Secondary effects 36:51 Pleb miners 39:55 IS US mining doomed? 45:57 Powershell vs Neocloud 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Colin and Charlie join us to talk about a wild week in Bitcoin. We dive into the $16,000 price "puke" and whether we've hit a local bottom, explore Bitdeer's legal snag at their Ohio AI flagship site, and discuss IREN's inclusion in the MSCI USA index. We also break down the historic six-out-of-seven negative difficulty adjustments—the first since 2011—and tackle the "ontology of time" and quantum resistance. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Bitcoin lost $16,000 within 12 hours last week. * BTC saw a historic 21% daily price drawdown. * Bitdeer's Ohio site has 570MW allocated. * 6 of last 7 difficulty adjustments were negative. * IREN to join MSCI USA index on March 2nd. * Bitcoin hash price recovered to roughly $35/PH. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 04:01 BTC number go down! 10:10 Difficulty Update by Luxor 12:32 Bitdeer lawsuit 18:39 Cleanspark Ad 19:08 IREN added to MSCI USA Index 22:33 The MARA-Exaion plot thickens 29:14 BIP 360 merged 37:49 OP_NEXT Ad 39:21 Cry corner: No one understands anything about anything - 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Enjoy the show? Check out our website and newsletter by clicking here. Questions or want to sponsor? [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Tom Masiero, Head of Strategy at Cathedra joins us to talk about the structural shifts pushing bitcoin miners toward AI and HPC services. We explore why this migration mirrors the 2021 China mining ban, the hidden opportunities for smaller operators, and why Bitcoiners understand the "power game" better than traditional data centers. Tom breaks down the reality of infrastructure costs, the current state of hash price, and how the "cockroach" mentality of miners is paving the way for the future of global compute. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Hash price hit all-time low of $29/PH/day. * China ban cut 80% of global hash rate. * 5 of last 6 difficulty adjustments negative. * AI infrastructure costs $10-$15M per megawatt. * Bitcoin price dropped to $65,000 level. * Sub-50 MW sites are the new frontier. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:22 AI boom & China mining ban 08:30 What edge do miners have over hyperscalers? 13:23 Energy production limits 21:23 Small scale HPC 24:23 Batteries 35:46 Secondary effects 36:51 Pleb miners 39:55 IS US mining doomed? 45:57 Powershell vs Neocloud 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, veteran Bitcoin journalist Kyle Torpey joins us to talk about the explosive revelations for Bitcoin in the latest Epstein files. We explore Epstein's $3M stake in Coinbase and his intriguing meetings with the architect of the Bitlicense, Ben Lawsky. Kyle debunks conspiracy theories about Epstein hijacking Bitcoin Core and explains the real influence Epstein had on early startups and protocol development. We also touch on the Blocksize Wars, SegWit2x, and other surprising Bitcoin connections hidden in DOJ documents. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Epstein invested $3 million in Coinbase in 2014. * Epstein sold 50% of his Coinbase stake for $15M. * 90% of hashrate signed the New York Agreement. * Brian Armstrong wrote to investors about Segwit2x * Epstein met with Gavin Andresen in 2011 Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:41 Epstein & Bitcoin highlights 06:05 Hard fork proposals 13:17 Ben Lawsky 15:44 Winklevoss 27:10 Knots 29:53 MIT 30:50 Both side on Blocksize Wars 33:29 Was Gavin influenced? 38:13 Vinny Lingham 44:48 Mining centralization 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Brandon Black, Alex Pruden, Nic Carter, and GG join us to talk about whether Bitcoin is prepared for the quantum era. We explore the technical divide between developers who see quantum as a distant concern and investors who fear an unaddressed existential risk. From the Factor 21 meme to the trade-offs of post-quantum signatures like Sphinx and SLH-DSA, we break down the spicy debate that could lead to Bitcoin's most heated internal battle yet and what it means for the future of the network. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Quantum computers struggle to factor 21. * Bitcoin requires 256-bit factoring security. * Post-quantum signatures decrease throughput. * PQ signatures could force much larger blocks. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 00:58 Quantum: Fear or foreshadowing 05:17 Pumping your bags 08:01 The "appearance" of a plan 13:32 Current activity - 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Enjoy the show? Check out our website and newsletter by clicking here. Questions or want to sponsor? [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Charlie, Colin, and Matt join us to talk about Bitcoin's brutal 50% drawdown and the resulting 13% difficulty adjustment. We dive into the geopolitical tension in France over Mara’s data center acquisition and Tether’s strategic move into Anchorage Digital. We also break down the massive $2 billion debt offering from Cipher Mining that was 6x oversubscribed and TeraWulf's 1.5GW power grab. Whether it's hash price hitting record lows or institutional funds unwinding, we’ve got the pulse on the markets. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Estimated 13% downward difficulty adjustment. * Hashprice hit daily lows near $30. * TeraWulf added 1.5GW potential power capacity. * Cipher Mining $2B note saw $13B in bidding. * Tether invested $100M into Anchorage Digital. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:58 Bitcoin sell off 10:19 Gemini exit EU & AU 14:41 Difficulty Report by Luxor 20:44 France stalls MARA takeover bid for Exaion 26:19 Tether invests in Anchorage digital 29:17 CAPEX still going strong? 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Enjoy the show? Check out our website and newsletter by clicking here. Questions or want to sponsor? [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, CleanSpark's VP of Digital Asset Management Rory Murray joins us to talk about the latest macro shocks hitting the market and how they are driving bitcoin’s price. Rory breaks down how the options market may have been weighing on bitcoin’s price in Q4, and how the options market has changed bitcoin’s market. We also dive into the six sigma move in Japanese rates, the unraveling of the yen carry trade, and how geopolitical tensions over Greenland are affecting global liquidity. Rory explains why bitcoin is being buffeted by noise while gold and silver take the lead in the debasement trade, plus the intersection of AI energy demand and Bitcoin mining as we head into 2026. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Japan 40-year bond yields topped 4% first time. * Japan has world's highest debt-to-GDP ratios. * Korean equity index rose 70% last year. * Yen carry trade has driven trillions in flow. * Gold crossed USD as top central bank reserve. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:20 Bitcoin & macro 06:45 Japan 17:08 Carry trade & liquidity drying up 18:08 Debasement trade 18:47 Hypercycle 22:50 Silver rally 23:18 Energy is the value creator 26:59 Options suppressing Bitcoin price? 41:10 Dampening volatility 42:35 Next 90 days 46:07 Cleanspark's BTC stack 48:14 Easier or harder to manage stack 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Taylor Monahan, a security lead at MetaMask, joins us to talk about a highly sophisticated $300M phishing attack linked to North Korea’s Lazarus Group. Taylor shares how the Lazarus Group hijacks Telegram accounts to lure victims into fake Zoom meetings and download a Trojan horse malware program. We break down the hackers’ strategy, how the malware works, which wallet types are most vulnerable to theft, and what users can do to protect themselves if they have fallen prey to the scam or not. Tune in to learn how to identify these red flags and implement better digital hygiene for your crypto assets. Check out this article for a deep dive into how the malware works; plus, follow Taylor for updates on X and keep track of Lazarus Group’s history of hacks via her Github. Notes: * Lazarus Group stole over $300M in the last year. * Attackers hijack Telegram accounts. * Scammers use fake Zoom links to deploy malware. * Malware often bypasses paid antivirus software. * Sandbox architecture on iOS offers more safety. * Software wallets and browser wallets are most vulnerable. * 2FA remains critical for sensitive account access. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:51 Telegram attack 11:30 2 Factor Authenticators 13:48 Losses 16:38 Calculating losses 19:08 North Korea 21:52 Malware 24:17 Malware detection 25:16 EDR 27:12 Wallets 34:21 Is verifying addresses enough? 39:28 Wallet malware design 44:11 What do they want? 54:16 Taylor stealing payloads 1:01:49 Steps to protect 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! In lieu of a news roundup today, we recap Thursday’s market chaos, in which gold shed Bitcoin’s entire market cap in a single morning. We unpack Microsoft's historic 10% drop despite an earnings beat and contrast it with Meta's rally. Are we looking at a systemic liquidity shock or a one-off deleveraging event? We break down the charts, from credit spreads to the VIX, and examine the canaries in the coal mine that could point toward a rocky 2026. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Gold shed ~$1.7 trillion in one morning * Microsoft stock closed down 10%, worst daily move since 2000 * Meta stock rose 10% after earnings beat * Bitcoin pukes to $83,000 * VIX spiked 8% Timestamps: 00:00 Start 01:46 Market rips then dips, then rallies again 08:40 Bitcoin bear 11:43 Microsoft 20:31 Polymarket government shutdown odds 27:34 Why BTC go down? 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Tom Kleckner, a veteran energy correspondent at RTO Insider, joins us to talk about how ERCOT is overhauling the Texas grid to handle the unprecedented AI boom. We dive into the massive 233GW interconnection queue, the impact of Senate Bill 6 on transmission costs, and new reliability measures like DRRS. Tom breaks down the "batch process" for large loads and whether Bitcoin miners or AI data centers are better at balancing the grid. We also touch on the future of Texas energy, from gas plants to small modular nuclear reactors. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * 70% demand jump to 145GW by 2031. * Interconnection queue reached 233GW. * SB6 shifts transmission costs to large loads. * Large loads defined as 75MW or greater. * Texas Energy Fund has $10 billion available. * 73% of queue requests from data centers. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 01:51 Interconnection queue changes 06:46 Kill switch 08:50 Batch system 11:22 What's DRRS? 13:39 Is DRRS an ancillary service? 16:13 Storage (battery) 18:22 4CP 22:00 Rate of change 24:18 Current state of changes 26:24 Timeline 27:33 Baseload & ghost loads 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉 FBOX, Cooling for Bitcoin Mining and the AI Data Center Transformation FBOX is the global leader in cooling system manufacturing, with the #1 shipment volume of bitcoin mining containers worldwide. Not only powering for the strongest hashrate, their technology also helps mining infrastructure transform into AI data centers. Backed by the largest production scale on earth, global deployment capability, and a full range of cooling solutions, they are shaping the future of compute. 👉 Luxor, Leaders In Bitcoin Mining and Compute Power! Get game-changing mining results with Luxor Firmware. Boost hashrate, cut energy costs, protect your hardware, and maximize mining profits with LuxOS. Published thrice weekly, "The Blockspace Pod" interviews the best builders and operators in the Bitcoin and Bitcoin mining landscape. Subscribe to get notifications when we publish interviews on Tuesday, our news show on Friday, and our Writer's Room talk show on Saturday! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Tackling the technical battle to protect Bitcoin from quantum computers. We explore why quantum-resistant signatures are up to 100x larger than current ones and the impact this has on block space and fees. From lattice-based math to STARK-based compression, Charlie breaks down the leading proposals like BIP 360 and BIP 347. We also calculate the "migration" timeline—how long it would actually take to move every Bitcoin to a safe address before "Q-Day" arrives. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Quantum signatures can reach 17,000 bytes (500x!) * Optimized hash signatures are 50x larger. * Full BTC migration takes 76 to 142 days. * There are 190 million unspent BTC outputs. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 05:31 Hash based signatures 08:17 Adoption 12:17 Bitcoin uniquely exposed 14:38 Proposals 17:39 Going forward 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉 FBOX, Cooling for Bitcoin Mining and the AI Data Center Transformation FBOX is the global leader in cooling system manufacturing, with the #1 shipment volume of bitcoin mining containers worldwide. Not only powering for the strongest hashrate, their technology also helps mining infrastructure transform into AI data centers. Backed by the largest production scale on earth, global deployment capability, and a full range of cooling solutions, they are shaping the future of compute. 👉 Luxor, Leaders In Bitcoin Mining and Compute Power! Get game-changing mining results with Luxor Firmware. Boost hashrate, cut energy costs, protect your hardware, and maximize mining profits with LuxOS. Published thrice weekly, "The Blockspace Pod" interviews the best builders and operators in the Bitcoin and Bitcoin mining landscape. Subscribe to get notifications when we publish interviews on Tuesday, our news show on Friday, and our Writer's Room talk show on Saturday! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to all things Blockspace: Podcast, Newsletter, Events Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Charlie and Will to talk about a massive week in markets and compute. We break down BitGo’s $2.1 billion IPO valuation and why the New York Stock Exchange’s move toward tokenized securities and instant settlement is a game changer for TradFi. The duo also discusses Blockspace’s acquisition of Bitcoin Layers, Zebedee’s $40M Series C, and the controversial exit of the Farcaster founding team. Finally, we look at how OpenAI and Microsoft are handling grid upgrades and why Coinbase is building a "Quantum Avengers" advisory board. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 01:58 Blockspace acquires Bitcoin Layers 02:43 OPNEXT is back baby! 03:10 $2B ETF inflows 04:39 NYSE blockchain & 24/7 trading 08:27 Open AI & MSFT pinky swear not to not raise power costs 13:33 Saudi's Humain secures up to $1.2B to expand AI infrastructure 15:20 ZBD raises $40M 18:18 Coinbase announces quantum thing 19:11 BitGo prices IPO at $18 per share, set to begin NYSE trading 24:47 Cry Corner: Farcaster shuts down 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner!CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Craig Tindale, macro investor and former manufacturing consultant, joins us to talk about the critical mineral shortage and multi-trillion dollar problem facing the US data center, energy, and defense sectors. We dive into his "Critical Mineral Thesis," exploring how China secured 80-90% of the world's critical mineral refining capacity. Craig explains the "midstream matrix," the looming 25,000-tonne silver deficit, and why the US is like a "turtle on its back" after decades of outsourcing. We discuss if sound money can save a system that has lost its atomic backbone. Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! If you’d like to read Craig Tindale’s work to learn more, you can find his seminal articles here: -⁠Critical Materials: A Strategic Analysis⁠ -⁠The Hard Bifurcation⁠ Notes: * China controls 80-90% of mineral refining. * 70% of silver production refined in China. * 25,000-tonne silver deficit in four years. * Large transformers have 4-5 year wait times. * Chinese firms borrow at 2-4% interest. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:37 Who is Craig? 10:15 Thesis 13:49 Silver problems 17:41 Tin 19:50 Titanium 22:42 Recession game theory 27:32 Sound money standard 33:43 Regulation outlook 40:24 Reshoring industry 45:22 Data center demand 49:39 Energy generation stagnation 54:52 Waking up to reality 1:00:52 Greenland & political games 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉 FBOX, Cooling for Bitcoin Mining and the AI Data Center Transformation FBOX is the global leader in cooling system manufacturing, with the #1 shipment volume of bitcoin mining containers worldwide. Not only powering for the strongest hashrate, their technology also helps mining infrastructure transform into AI data centers. Backed by the largest production scale on earth, global deployment capability, and a full range of cooling solutions, they are shaping the future of compute. 👉 Luxor, Leaders In Bitcoin Mining and Compute Power! Get game-changing mining results with Luxor Firmware. Boost hashrate, cut energy costs, protect your hardware, and maximize mining profits with LuxOS. Published thrice weekly, "The Blockspace Pod" interviews the best builders and operators in the Bitcoin and Bitcoin mining landscape. Subscribe to get notifications when we publish interviews on Tuesday, our news show on Friday, and our Writer's Room talk show on Saturday! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Explaining the latest shakeup in Bitcoin development: the addition of a sixth Bitcoin Core maintainer known as "The Charlatan." We explore the history of Bitcoin’s governance—from Satoshi to Wladimir van der Laan—and why the project has moved away from a single lead maintainer. We also break down the "Bitcoin kernel" project, an initiative to separate consensus code to allow for a more diverse ecosystem of Bitcoin clients, and address the common conspiracies surrounding who really controls the network. Subscribe to the newsletter! [https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com](https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com) Notes: * Bitcoin is a $2 trillion network asset. * Bitcoin Core has six current maintainers. * No person officially holds lead maintainer title. * GitHub is a Microsoft-owned product. * Bitcoin on path to $100 trillion valuation. * New maintainer added first time since Feb 2023. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:09 What's Github? 05:29 What is a Maintainer? 09:27 Client diversity 16:24 Lead maintainer 18:28 Faketoshi 26:15 New Maintainer 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉 FBOX, Cooling for Bitcoin Mining and the AI Data Center Transformation FBOX is the global leader in cooling system manufacturing, with the #1 shipment volume of bitcoin mining containers worldwide. Not only powering for the strongest hashrate, their technology also helps mining infrastructure transform into AI data centers. Backed by the largest production scale on earth, global deployment capability, and a full range of cooling solutions, they are shaping the future of compute. 👉 Luxor, Leaders In Bitcoin Mining and Compute Power! Get game-changing mining results with Luxor Firmware. Boost hashrate, cut energy costs, protect your hardware, and maximize mining profits with LuxOS. Published thrice weekly, "The Blockspace Pod" interviews the best builders and operators in the Bitcoin and Bitcoin mining landscape. Subscribe to get notifications when we publish interviews on Tuesday, our news show on Friday, and our Writer's Room talk show on Saturday! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Jason Les, CEO of Riot Platforms, joins us to talk about Riot’s first HPC/AI deal with AMD. We dig into the details on the $311 million deal with AMD, Riot’s acquisition of the property for its Rockdale facility, and Riot’s strategy for repurposing bitcoin mining infrastructure for high-performance computing at a lower CAPEX than some of its peers. Jason explains how Riot is leveraging its massive power portfolio and Bitcoin treasury to fund this expansion without dilution, and what could be coming down the pipe for Riot’s 1.7 GW portfolio with regards to future AI deals. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * $311M AMD deal over 10 years for 25MW load * Rockdale land acquired for $96 million cash * Expansion options up to 200MW for total potential revenue of ~$1B * CapEx cost of $3.6M per MW for retrofits * Portfolio includes 1.7GW total power capacity * Project financing targets 75-85% loan-to-cost. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:22 RIOT & AMD deal announcement 04:03 Rapid timeline & costs 07:15 Financing strategy 10:21 Rockdale power rights 12:40 In addition to Rockdale 13:26 Finance ratings 15:18 New clients 17:07 Future of Bitcoin mining & RIOT 19:45 Power shell vs Neocloud 21:44 Final thoughts 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉 FBOX, Cooling for Bitcoin Mining and the AI Data Center Transformation FBOX is the global leader in cooling system manufacturing, with the #1 shipment volume of bitcoin mining containers worldwide. Not only powering for the strongest hashrate, their technology also helps mining infrastructure transform into AI data centers. Backed by the largest production scale on earth, global deployment capability, and a full range of cooling solutions, they are shaping the future of compute. 👉 Luxor, Leaders In Bitcoin Mining and Compute Power! Get game-changing mining results with Luxor Firmware. Boost hashrate, cut energy costs, protect your hardware, and maximize mining profits with LuxOS. Published thrice weekly, "The Blockspace Pod" interviews the best builders and operators in the Bitcoin and Bitcoin mining landscape. Subscribe to get notifications when we publish interviews on Tuesday, our news show on Friday, and our Writer's Room talk show on Saturday! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Colin and Charlie dig into Galaxy's 830 MW ERCOT approval for its Helios site, CleanSpark's latest land acquisition in Texas, BitGo's $1.96B IPO prospectus, Semler shareholders voting yes on the merger with Strive, and the first change to Bitcoin’s BIP process in 9 years. Finally, for this week’s (truly odd) cry corner: BitMine is investing $200M into YouTuber MrBeast (yes, really). Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Galaxy Helios: 830MW approved * Clean Spark: 447 acres acquired * BitGo IPO: $1.96B valuation aim * BitMine: $200M to Beast Industries * Bitcoin Price: $97,000 recorded * Hash Price: Above $40/PH/Day Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:17 Difficulty Report by Luxor 06:42 Galaxy 830 MW approval 10:30 CLSK land acquisition 15:37 BitGo IPO 19:00 ASST - SMLR deal approved 21:32 New BIP, who dis? 25:39 Cry corner: BMNR invests in MrBeast 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉 FBOX, Cooling for Bitcoin Mining and the AI Data Center Transformation FBOX is the global leader in cooling system manufacturing, with the #1 shipment volume of bitcoin mining containers worldwide. Not only powering for the strongest hashrate, their technology also helps mining infrastructure transform into AI data centers. Backed by the largest production scale on earth, global deployment capability, and a full range of cooling solutions, they are shaping the future of compute. 👉 Luxor, Leaders In Bitcoin Mining and Compute Power! Get game-changing mining results with Luxor Firmware. Boost hashrate, cut energy costs, protect your hardware, and maximize mining profits with LuxOS. Published thrice weekly, "The Blockspace Pod" interviews the best builders and operators in the Bitcoin and Bitcoin mining landscape. Subscribe to get notifications when we publish interviews on Tuesday, our news show on Friday, and our Writer's Room talk show on Saturday! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

James Check, Co-Founder of Check on Chain, joins us to talk about the current state of Bitcoin in 2026. James breaks down why Bitcoin decoupled from the wider market in late 2025, the massive sell-side pressure from long-term holders, and why on-chain metrics point to a bear market phase. We also explore the "extraordinary" nature of ETF flows, the quantum computing debate, and why gold and Bitcoin are ultimately the same trade. Subscribe to the newsletter! [https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com](https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com) Notes: * ETF outflows reached ~$6.5 billion * Realized Cap is currently trending lower * Bitcoin fair value is approx $90k Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:25 Current state of the market 07:52 ETF vs. chain analytics 10:49 ETF outflows & price drivers 14:00 Retail ETF buyers 18:56 Whale selling? 20:37 Gold 25:34 4 yr cycle is crap 32:07 Good indicators 35:57 What's exciting in Bitcoin now? 40:58 Evolving views on Bitcoin - 👉CleanSpark, America’s Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. 👉 FBOX, Cooling for Bitcoin Mining and the AI Data Center Transformation FBOX is the global leader in cooling system manufacturing, with the #1 shipment volume of bitcoin mining containers worldwide. Not only powering for the strongest hashrate, their technology also helps mining infrastructure transform into AI data centers. Backed by the largest production scale on earth, global deployment capability, and a full range of cooling solutions, they are shaping the future of compute. 👉 Luxor, Leaders In Bitcoin Mining and Compute Power! Get game-changing mining results with Luxor Firmware. Boost hashrate, cut energy costs, protect your hardware, and maximize mining profits with LuxOS. Published twice weekly, “The Blockspace Pod” interviews the best builders and operators in the Bitcoin and Bitcoin mining landscape. Subscribe to get notifications when we publish interviews on Tuesday and a news show on Friday! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We break down the difference between bits and qubits, explain why Shor's algorithm threatens elliptic curve cryptography, and debate the fate of Satoshi's vulnerable coins. It’s a deep dive into encryption, timeline predictions, and the massive coordination challenge facing the Bitcoin network to upgrade before it's too late. Subscribe to the newsletter: https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Satoshi has ~1M quantum vulnerable BTC. * 2-4 million total BTC are currently exposed. * 10-20% of supply is vulnerable to Shor's algo. * Breaking BTC needs ~4,000 logical qubits. * Google’s Willow chip has 105 physical qubits. * NIST finalized quantum standards in 2024. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 01:02 Overview 05:08 The Algorithm 10:59 Satoshi's Coins 13:09 How Long Do We Have? 15:18 Where Do We Stand? 17:22 Post Quantum Migration - 👋The Blockspace Pod is produced Blockspace Media, Bitcoin’s first B2B publication in Bitcoin. Follow us on Twitter and check out our newsletter for the best information in Bitcoin mining, Ordinals and tech! Enjoy the show? Check out our website and newsletter by clicking here. Questions or want to sponsor? [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices