BJSM Podcast

Prof. Roald Bahr is a world-renowned name in Sports Medicine. He is a member of the IOC medical committee and a Professor in Sports Medicine. He acts as the Head of the Aspetar Sports Injury & Illness Prevention Programme and also Chair of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center at the Norwegian School of Sports Sciences. Prof. Bahr’s main research area is the prevention of injury and illness in athletes, and has published more than 200 papers and book chapters. He was speaking at the IOC Advanced Team Physician Course in Doha, Qatar when BJSM caught up with him. In this podcast, Dr Liam West (@Liam_West) poses questions that see Prof. Bahr take listeners through various Return To Play (RTP) frameworks and how we should be willing to accept risk during the RTP period. Relevant Reading: Creighton DW, Shrier I, Shultz R, et al. Return-to-play in sport: a decision-based model. Clin J Sport Med 2010;20:379–85. http://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Abstract/2010/09000/Return_to_Play_in_Sport__A_Decision_based_Model.12.aspx Herring SA, Kibler WB, Putukian M. The team physician and the return-to-play decision: a consensus statement-2012 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2446–8. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/23160348 Shrier I, Safai P, Charland L. Return to play following injury: whose decision should it be? Br J Sports Med 2014:48:394-401 http://bjsm.bmj.com/search?submit=yes&y=0&fulltext=risk%20management&x=0&FIRSTINDEX=10 IOC Sports Medicine Diploma – http://www.iocsportsmedicine.com/ IOC Sports Nutrition Diploma - http://www.sportsoracle.com/Nutrition/Home/ https://twitter.com/bjsm_bmj https://www.facebook.com/BJSM.BMJ https://plus.google.com/+BJSMVideos/posts BJSM App iTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/bjsm/id943071687?mt=8 Google Play - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.goodbarber.bjsm

Dr Carolyn Broderick provides practical examples of the type of physical exercise that is feasible in children with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, mitochondrial myopathy, haemophilia, or after an organ transplantation. She also discusses the risk of injury during the growth spurt and how to best avoid these injuries. Dr Broderick, MBBS, FACSP, PhD, is a staff specialist in Sport and Exercise Medicine at the Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Australia. She was Medical Director of the Australian Team for the Youth Olympic Games in 2014 and Team Physician for the Australian Team at the Sydney 2000 and London 2012 Olympic Games. She is a member of the Australian Olympic Committee Medical Commission and Deputy Medical Director for the Australian Olympic Team in Rio 2016. Her research interests include injury surveillance in youth sport and physical activity in children with chronic disease. Further Reading: Fundamental movement skills, physical fitness and physical activity among Australian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Hulsegge G, Henschke N, …Broderick C, et al. J Paediatr Child Health. 2015 Apr;51(4):425-32. doi: 10.1111/jpc.12733. http://www.jsams.org/article/S1440-2440%2812%2900661-5/abstract Low back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of conservative interventions. Michaleff ZA, Kamper SJ, Maher CG, Evans R, Broderick C, Henschke N. Eur Spine J. 2014 Oct;23(10):2046-58. doi: 10.1007/s00586-014-3461-1. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00586-014-3461-1 A feasibility study of the effect of intra-articular corticosteroid injection on isokinetic muscle strength in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. McKay D, Ostring G, Broderick C, Chaitow J, Singh-Grewal D. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2013 May;25(2):221-37. Epub 2013 Mar 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23504857 Evaluation and management of bleeding risks with athletic activities in children with hemophilia. Broderick C. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2013 Jan;11(1):46-7. No abstract available. Mol Cancer. 2013 Feb 1;12:7. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23416863 Association between physical activity and risk of bleeding in children with hemophilia. Broderick CR, Herbert RD, Latimer J, Barnes C, Curtin JA, Mathieu E, Monagle P, Brown SA. JAMA. 2012 Oct 10;308(14):1452-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.12727. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1377921 Patterns of physical activity in children with haemophilia. Broderick CR, Herbert RD, Latimer J, van Doorn N. Haemophilia. 2013 Jan;19(1):59-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02904.x. The International Olympic Committee Consensus statement on age determination in high-level young athletes. Engebretsen L, Steffen K, Bahr R, et al. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;44(7):476-84. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.073122. No abstract available. Erratum in: Br J Sports Med. 2010 Aug;44(10):770. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/44/7/476.extract

Dr Carolyn Broderick, MBBS, FACSP, PhD is staff specialist in Sport and Exercise Medicine at the Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Australia. Dr Carolyn is Team Physician for the Australian Federation Cup Tennis Team. She was Medical Director of the Australian Team for the Youth Olympic Games in 2014 and Team Physician for the Australian Team at the Sydney 2000 and London 2012 Olympic Games. She is a member of the Australian Olympic Committee Medical Commission and Deputy Medical Director for the Australian Olympic Team in Rio 2016. Her research is on injury surveillance in youth sport and physical activity in children with chronic disease. What are the challenges of being a team physician for tennis players who travel the world continually? Does an athlete management system help to monitor work load and injuries? Musculoskeletal conditions in children and adolescents managed in Australian primary care. Henschke N, Harrison C, McKay D, Broderick C, Latimer J, Britt H, Maher CG. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 May 20;15:164. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-164. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/15/164 Children, sport and the Olympics: Observations from the Games of the XXX Olympiad in London. Broderick C. J Paediatr Child Health. 2013 Sep;49(9):701-3. doi:10.1111/jpc.12217. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpc.12217/abstract The International Olympic Committee Consensus statement on age determination in high-level young athletes. Engebretsen L, Steffen K, Bahr R, et al. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;44(7):476-84. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.073122. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/44/7/476.extract Reducing the risk of injury in young footballers. Broderick C, McKay D. BMJ. 2009 Mar 18;338:b1050. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1050. http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1050

Kids as young as 8 years old sign with football clubs and live at Football Club Academies. One website describes the Brighton & Hove Albion FC Academy as “a place where dreams are fired, hopes are heightened and aspirations are raised.” Sam Blanchard (@SJBPhysio_sport) has had 4 years experience in junior development. He’s also a leader among the UK Physios in Sport (@SportsPhysios) You’ll hear about (i) the typical day for a child/adolescent in this setting, (ii) how to vary training during the adolescent growth period to minimize risk of apophysitis etc. (iii) what to suggest to coaches and how to work with them, as well as (iv) practical tips for assessing maturity. Sam shares strategies for measuring load (including GPS) and uses that to both protect vulnerable athletes from injury as well as ensuring you can add the appropriate type of training as the child matures. A year after the growth spurt the adolescent can benefit from certain dynamic stabilization exercises or heavier resistance loads. In the 2nd half of the podcast Sam includes many practical tips from his vast experience. Remember the UK Physios in Sport Annual Conference ‘The Younger Athlete’: Brighton, October, 9th & 10th October. http://bit.ly/1cLwHeX Sam’s first BJSM podcast is on growth-related sport injuries: http://bit.ly/1HqnXsf

K-tape is ubiquitous in top sport. Does it boost performance or prevent injury? In this 2nd podcast about tape, two-time Commonwealth Games and Olympic Games physiotherapist Chris McNicholl shares his clinical wisdom and his scrutiny of the literature. See below for list of papers that Chris mentions and here’s the link to his other podcast – on regular taping. http://bit.ly/1bUnP5U Don’t forget to check out the UK Physios Taping courses here: http://www.physiosinsport.org/courses.html Schiffer T, J Sport Rehabil. 2015 Feb;24(1):47-50. Kinesio taping and jump performance in elite female track and field athletes and jump performance in elite female track and field athletes. Nunes GS, Effect of kinesio taping on jumping and balance in athletes: a crossover randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Nov;27(11):3183-9. Poon KY, Kinesiology tape does not facilitate muscle performance: A deceptive controlled trial.Man Ther. 2015 Feb;20(1):130-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=j+strength+cond+res++tape+volleyball+soccer Parreira P C, Kinesio Taping to generate skin convolutions is not better than sham taping for people with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised trial., J Physiother. 2014 Jun;60(2):90-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24952836 Kachanathu SJ Comparison between Kinesio Taping and a Traditional Physical Therapy Program in Treatment of Nonspecific Low Back Pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Aug;26(8):1185-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25202177 Shaheen AF, Rigid and Elastic taping changes scapular kinematics and pain in subjects with shoulder impingement syndrome; an experimental study. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015 Feb;25(1):84-92 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25138646 Link to a BJSM paper on K-tape: Br J Sports Med doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094151 Kinesio taping in musculoskeletal pain and disability that lasts for more than 4 weeks: is it time to peel off the tape and throw it out with the sweat? A systematic review with meta-analysis focused on pain and also methods of tape application. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2015/01/16/bjsports-2014-094151.abstract

You or your patient wants to lose weight. What gives you the best bang for your buck? BJSM editor Karim Khan puts London cardiologist and physical activity champion Dr Aseem Malhotra under the glaring lights. This podcast follows up the free BJSM editorial 'It is time to bust the myth of physical inactivity and obesity: you cannot outrun a bad diet' Here’s the link to the related BJSM editorial: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2015/05/07/bjsports-2015-094911.full You can also listen to Dr Malhotra discuss the role of diet and cardiovascular risk factors here: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/aseem-malhotra-dont-fear-the-fat?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/bjsm-1

Steven Stovitz, MD, MS, directs the University of Minnesota’s Program in Primary Care Sports Medicine and is the associate director of the University of Minnesota’s Sports Medicine Fellowship. His clinical work is divided between the University of Minnesota’s Sports Medicine clinic and Orthopedic clinic along with the athletics department, where he is a team physician for University’s athletes. Dr. Stovitz’s research involves the intersection of clinical medicine and epidemiology, as well as a variety of issues related to the study of obesity. He is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and a senior associate editor with the BJSM. He has a special interest in evidence informed medicine and he challenges us with specific clinical settings where patients and doctors commonly make ‘inferior’ choices. Why does this happen? A thought-provoking podcast that may be best enjoyed at home with focus rather than driving on a windy coastal road! See also: Stovitz SD, Shrier I. Sickle cell trait, exertion-related death and confounded estimates. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/4/285.long Stovitz SD, Shrier I. Medical decision making and the importance of baseline risk. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3809433/ Stovitz SD. Confusion surrounding false-positive rates: distinguishing the definition from the important clinical question. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2014 Mar-Apr;13(2):69-70. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000032. PubMed PMID: 24614417. Stovitz SD, Shrier I. Injury rates in team sport events: tackling challenges in assessing exposure time. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/46/14/960.long

Dr Russell Hearn has a portfolio career that sees him balance his time between working in general practice in London and Expedition & Wilderness Medicine. He directs and teaches on the Expedition & Wilderness medicine components at Kings College London (KCL) and University College of London (UCL) & is also an Advanced Life Support Instructor. In recognition of providing high-level medical cover for various expeditions and extreme events, Dr Hearn was elected a fellow of the Wilderness Medicine Society in 2013. In this podcast, Dr Liam West (@Liam_West) poses questions that see Dr Hearn take listeners through what it is like to work within these extreme conditions, tips on how to provide optimal medical cover and how to get involved. Useful Resources: Wilderness medicine society of America – consensus documents http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591379 - High Altitude Illness http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498264 - Hypothermia http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498262 - Frist Bite http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498263 - Heat Related Illness http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498265 - Lightning Injuries http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498266 - Acute Pain in Remote Locations http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498256 - Spinal Immobilization in Austere Environment http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498257 - Wound Management in Austere Environment http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498260 - Exercise-Associated Hyponatraemia International World Extreme Medicine Conference & Expo http://www.extrememedicineexpo.com Fellowship Programme of the Academy of Wilderness Medicine (America) http://www.expeditionmedicine.co.uk/index.php/advice/resource/r-0082.html Diploma in Medical Care of Conflict and Catastrophes – Worshipful Society of Apothecaries, London http://www.apothecaries.org/faculty-of-the-conflict-catastrophe-medicine/course-in-conflict-catastrophe-medicine KCL Wilderness Medicine SSC Website http://www.wildernessmedic.org

Podcast titles are limited to 100 characters; the ideal title would have been…”Working as a multidisciplinary team in elite sport – the role of physiotherapy, strength and conditioning teams, medical folks, soft tissue therapists, exercise rehabilitators etc.”. A leading elite team physiotherapist (Andrew Wallis, PT) and a head of sports science/conditioning (Darren Burgess, PhD) provide you the inside view from within two elite teams. And they have international experience before their current jobs. You’ll hear WHO these teams include on the sports medicine payroll. Our hosts (Ebonie Rio, David Opar) ask whose head would be on the chopping block if there was a rash of hamstring strains after a vigorous pre-season training. Is one hamstring injury recurrence among 10 players worth 9 players coming back a week early? What about sending players to the funky treatment’ clinician – flying for the miracle cure? Apologies for a bit of shuffling noise in Andrew’s first two answers but it disappears. Well worth pushing through that distraction (we are working on trying to get sound quality like in Jack Chew’s podcasts!). Confident you’ll love this inside view! Darren Burgess is High Performance Manager at Port Adelaide Football (AFL) Club. Darren was Head of Fitness and Conditioning at Liverpool Football Club. Darren completed his PhD in movement analysis of AFL and Soccer in 2012. http://www.portadelaidefc.com.au/ Andrew Wallis is head physiotherapist at the St Kilda Football Club and has been there for the last 8 years. He has a special interest in Hip and Groin pathology and consults privately at Melbourne Orthopaedic Group and Malvern Sports Medicine Centre. http://www.saints.com.au/ Relevant papers: Seasonal Training Load Quantification in Elite English Premier League Soccer Players. Malone JJ, Di Michele R, Morgans R, Burgess D, Morton JP, Drust B. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25393111 Countermovement jump performance is not affected during an in-season training microcycle in elite youth soccer players. Malone JJ, Murtagh CF, Morgans R, Burgess DJ, Morton JP, Drust B. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Mar;29(3):752-7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000701. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25226317 Recurrent hamstring muscle injury: applying the limited evidence in the professional football setting with a seven-point programme. Brukner P, Nealon A, Morgan C, Burgess D, Dunn A. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Jun;48(11):929-38. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091400. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/11/929.long

You see kids in the clinic and you get most of them better. Do you want to revisit the anatomy and biomechanics that underpin these injuries? Are there novel approaches to treatment? Does early sport specialization cause problems? How can we balance the need for coaches to have time to develop elite juniors’ skills with the risk of overuse injuries. Some kids’ injuries, such as cam deformities at the hip may arise during the growing years and cause problems later in life. Sam Blanchard (@SJBPhysio), sports physiotherapist, shares his career experience which includes four years at the Brighton Hove Albion Football Club Academy (junior development facility). The entry class begins as age eight years! He is a Senior Lecturer in Physiotherapy at the University of Brighton. If this is your area of interest, check out the program at the UK Physios in Sport Annual Conference, “The Young Athlete” October 9,10, 2015. http://bit.ly/1bzGnsl Relevant links include: UK Physios in Sport, Annual Conference: Brighton. http://bit.ly/1bzGnsl Freitag A. Systematic review of rugby injuries in children and adolescents under 21 years. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/8/511.abstract Tak I, Weir A, …, Agricola R. The relationship between the frequency of football practice during skeletal growth and the presence of a cam deformity in adult elite football players. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/9/630.abstract

Is it safe for this athlete to exercise? Are ultraendurance events and training for them leading to reversible cardiac fatigue to frank damage and fibrosis? How should one investigate the athlete who may be in the ‘grey zone’ between benign ‘athletes heart’ and potentially fatal cardiomyopathy? Dr Andre La Gerche, an internationally renowned sports cardiologist with experience in Europe and Australia took time out from his keynote role at the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine conference (2015) to answer those questions with BJSM’s Dr Michael Turner. Relevant links include: The right ventricle following prolonged endurance exercise: are we overlooking the more important side of the heart? A meta-analysis – this was discussed on the podcast. http://goo.gl/TWgpnr Ventricular arrhythmias associated with long-term endurance sports: what is the evidence? By Dr La Gerche and colleagues. http://goo.gl/TuF4mQ ECG interpretation in athletes – free (minor signing in, takes Jon Drezner from the archive - Jon Drezner and the 2012 sudden cardiac death update: two new key messages http://bit.ly/1aYmnyX

Meryl Wheeler goes by the name of “non-physician expert” and she explains that after an injury a patient books online, sees an athletic therapist especially trained for this setting, before closing with a sports physician consultation. Patients who needed a surgeon got an operation 5 months earlier in this system than in Canada’s regular publicly funded one. Food for thought? Link: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/calgary-knee-clinic-delivers-quicker-cheaper-elite-level-care/article4180511/ The Canadian Academy of Sport & Exercise Medicine is a BJSM member society - casem-acmse.org/

Dr. Jason Fung is a Consultant Nephrologist who trained and began his medical career at the University of Toronto before heading to the University of California in Los Angeles where he completed his fellowship in nephrology. Since then he has founded the Intensive Dietary Management Program, which provides a unique treatment for Type 2 Diabetes & Obesity. This BJSM podcast sees @Liam_West pose the questions and Dr. Fung take the listeners through the evidence behind the impact of diet on obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Jason explains that, whilst the #LCHF model of “Carbohydrates  Insulin  Obesity” is not wrong, it is incomplete. He reiterates that the main player in the development of obesity and T2DM is INSULIN – not merely high carbohydrates. Jason believes that the calories in/calories out model that has previously been described is incorrect. He explains the evidence and builds upon the #LCHF model to include the importance of insulin resistance and meal timing. In T2DM, this resistance leads to Beta-cell dysfunction. Evidence exists that this process can be reversed and therefore T2DM should not be considered to be a chronic progressive disease – it is curable with bariatric surgery and caloric prescription. The take home message for the podcast from Jason is to eat #RealFood, #ConsiderInsulin and #EmpowerPatients to regain control over diabetes. Literature Discussed in Podcast & Further Reading INTERMAP Study (2003) - http://www.nature.com/jhh/journal/v17/n9/abs/1001605a.html KITAVA Study (1995)- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026049599902585 Insulin Resistance - One - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00279918 Insulin Resistance - Two - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025712507000983 Insulin Resistance - Three - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/56/4/984.short Lancet Infant Obesity (2010) - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673610601717 NEWCASTLE Study (2009) - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/342/ Dietary Fibre reduces Insulin Resistance - http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx%3FarticleID=192034 Curing Diabetes – Surgical treatment diabetes - http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/55/2/582S.short Curing Diabetes - Gastric Banding - http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx%3Farticleid=1149302 Curing Diabetes - Fasting & Bariatric Surgery - http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/36/9/2741.short Curing Diabetes - ACCORD - http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe0804182 Curing Diabetes - Losing weight doesn’t work - http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa033179 Curing Diabetes - Calorie restriction induces restoration of hepatic insulin sensitivity - http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/36/4/1047.short Intensive Dietary Management Website - With educational lectures and other content - http://intensivedietarymanagement.com

Modern surgical techniques can make a traditional treatment obsolete. Think of the Herbert screw for scaphoid fracture. Professor Bob McCormack tested a new hook plate in a Canadian multi-centre trial of management of complete dissociation & dislocation of the AC joint. You have to listen to find out how the story ends! Enjoy this 3rd of Bob McCormack’s 3 BJSM podcasts. You can find Bob’s other podcasts here: 1.First time shoulder dislocation: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/shoulder-dislocation-to-operate-or-rehabilitate-prof-bob-mccormack-olympic-physician?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/bjsm-1 2.Managing mid-clavicular fractures. https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/mid-clavicular-fracture-open-surgery-or-collar-cuff-prof-bob-mccormack-olympic-physician?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/bjsm-1

Drs. M.P. (Rien) Heijboer, orthopedic surgeon, works at the Dept at Orthopedic at the Erasamus Medical Centre in Rotterdam. He has extensive experience with sports-related injuries and has worked for more than 30 years as medical adviser of football club Feijenoord in Rotterdam. He is a member of the medical staff of the Dutch National Soccer Team and visited the world soccer championships in Brasil in 2014, which he describes as a "life-time experience"! He is president of the Dutch Orthopedic Society (NOV). He has a great interest in sports-related injuries and today Rien discusses his lifetime experience of managing difficult stress fractures in sport. Further reading: Surgical versus conservative treatment for high-risk stress fractures of the lower leg (anterior tibial cortex, navicular and fifth metatarsal base): a systematic review. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/6/370.long Mallee WH, Weel H, van Dijk CN, van Tulder MW, Kerkhoffs GM, Lin CW. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Mar;49(6):370-376. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093246. Epub 2014 Aug 19. Review. Ultrasonography of fractures in sports medicine. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/3/152.long Hoffman DF, Adams E, Bianchi S. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Feb;49(3):152-60. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094217. Epub 2014 Dec 24. Fifth metatarsal fractures among male professional footballers: a potential career-ending disease. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/12/754.long Ekstrand J, van Dijk CN. Br J Sports Med. 2013 Aug;47(12):754-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-092096. Epub 2013 Apr 9.

Chris McNicholl brings the experience of the Olympic Games and two Commonwealth Games to his sports taping courses for UK Physios in Sport. In this podcast we dig below the surface. Does taping really prevent injuries and if so, how? We cover lower limb, upper limb, joints & muscles. Football and rugby. But we keep the issue of Kinesio-tape for a separate podcast. You’ll hear Chris refer to the following papers: Tricia J. Hubbard, et al. Effect of Ankle Taping on Mechanical Laxity in Chronic Ankle Instability Foot & Ankle International/Vol. 31, No. 6/June 2010 Heather Miller et al. Role of External Prophylactic Support in Restricting Accessory Ankle Motion after Exercise Foot Ankle Int 2012 33: 862 Karl Stoffel et al. Effect of Ankle Taping on Knee and Ankle. Joint Biomechanics in Sporting Tasks. MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE 2010 Eamonn Delahut et al. Altered Neuromuscular Control and Ankle Joint Kinematics During Walking in Subjects With Functional Instability of the Ankle Joint. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 34, No. 12 2006

‘Relative energy deficiency in sport’ (RED-S) refers to impaired physiological functioning caused by relative energy deficiency, and includes but is not limited to impairments of metabolic rate, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, and cardiovascular health. You will hear McMaster University’s Dr Margo Mountjoy clarify the IOC’s consensus statement on this condition. Why it was needed. What the controversies are. And what clinicians can do in the clinic. Dr Mountjoy walks you through the new clinical tool the RED-S Clinical Assessment Tool (CAT) that uses a simple ‘green’, ‘orange’ and ‘red’ traffic light system for clinicians managing athletes who may be suffering the effects of insufficient energy intake. The original 2014 consensus statement is here: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/7/491 The 2015 update/extension is here: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/7/417.full And the clinical assessment tool (CAT) is here: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/7/421.full.pdf+html

Professor Mark Batt graduated from Cambridge University Medical School in 1984 and trained in Family Medicine. He obtained a Diploma in Sports Medicine from the University of London in 1991 and completed a fellowship in Sports Medicine at the University of California, Davis in 1993. Since 1995, he has been in Nottingham, United Kingdom, as a consultant/senior lecturer in Sport and Exercise Medicine at the Nottingham University Hospitals where he was appointed Special Professor in 2004. He serves or served as a consultant for The England and Wales Cricket Board, The Rugby Football League, British Gymnastics, The English Institute of Sport, The Wimbledon Tennis Championships, ATP and the WTA. He is immediate past-president of the Faculty of Sport & Exercise Medicine and past Chairman of the Specialist Advisory Committee in SEM. He chaired the work-group which produced the successful case for SEM as a specialty of medicine (2005). He is director of the Arthritis Research UK (ARUK) Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis: a consortium of Nottingham, Oxford, Southampton, Bath, Loughborough, UCL and Leeds Universities investigating the relationship between acute and overuse injury and subsequent Osteoarthritis. In this podcast, Dr. Liam West (@Liam_West) poses questions that see Prof Batt take listeners through the objectives and aims of the ARUK centre and the research it is currently working on. Prof Batt also gives his views on how to ensure that research remains clinically relevant before finishing the podcast discussion the future avenues for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Further Reading ARUK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis - http://www.sportsarthritisresearchuk.org/seoa/index.aspx ARUK Research Projects - http://www.sportsarthritisresearchuk.org/seoa/research-projects/index.aspx ARUK Work Packages - http://www.sportsarthritisresearchuk.org/seoa/work-packages/workpackages.aspx ARUK Centre Publications - http://www.sportsarthritisresearchuk.org/seoa/publications/index.aspx Isokinetic Football Medicine Conference, 11-12th April 2015, QEII Conference Centre, London http://www.footballmedicinestrategies.com/en/ Exercise for lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review incorporating trial sequential analysis and network meta-analysis http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/21/1579.abstract  Optimal types of exercise for lower limb osteoarthritis http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2014/02/18/bjsports-2013-093384.full  No benefit of surgery over physiotherapy for meniscal tears in adults with knee osteoarthritis http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/9/797 Osteoarthritis as an outcome of paediatric sport: an epidemiological perspective http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2011/02/17/bjsm.2010.081984 Osteoarthritis in football: FIFA/F-MARC approach http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/45/8/673.extract

Sports rehabilitators and trainers specialise in exercise and sports rehabilitation and managing musculoskeletal conditions. They also promote exercise and healthy lifestyles. Listen here to BASRaT Chairman, Steve Aspinall from the University of Salford, and Continuing Professional Development Officer, Allan Munroe, University of Bradford. In addition to painting the picture of the profession, and the training pathway, our guests highlight BASRaT’s clinical contribution to Team True Spirit (rehabilitation of seriously injured servicemen ) and the Rugby Football Union (concussion information and management).

Chris Swier is a sports physiotherapist and has a Masters degree in Business Administration. As a physiotherapist, he has specialised in dry needling and myofascial release techniques. In 2006, he joined the ATP Medical Services Committee as one of their Sports Medicine Therapists on the ATP Wold Tour, traveling from tournament to tournament. He continues to work in clinical practice, mainly for Manual Fysion in Amsterdam. Chris has also worked with Dutch women's volleyball, Dutch Beach Volleyball and even the Argentinian Davis Cup team! His main interests include sports and orthopaedic rehabilitation of the ankle, knee, hip and shoulder. At the ATP World Tennis Tournament in Rotterdam he talks about his life and work on the ATP World Tour.

Physical rehab (physiotherapy), behavioural rehab and combinations of these have been mainstays of back pain treatment. Dr Kieran O’Sullivan shares his expertise on what to do and what not to do – lessons from 15 years of providing specialised clinical care and engaging in top level research. Specifically, what is the role of patient advice, targeted exercises, and novel therapies including injections? You can link to Dr O’Sullivan’s home page at the University of Limerick here: http://www.ul.ie/clinicaltherapies/node/443 Interested in back pain? Related resources: Editorial: Common misconceptions about back pain in sport: Tiger Woods’ case brings five fundamental questions into sharp focus http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2015/02/08/bjsports-2014-094542.extract Podcast: Professor Peter O’Sullivan on Tiger Woods’ back and ‘core strength’ https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/professor-peter-osullivan-peteosullivanpt-on-tiger-woods-back-and-core-strength?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/bjsm-1

Professor Chad Cook is a clinical researcher, physical therapist, and profession advocate with a long history of clinical care excellence and service. In this podcast he shares his passion for refining and improving the patient examination process and validating tools used in day-to-day physical therapist practice. His books, including Orthopaedic Manual Therapy, are game changers. For shoulder examination, Professor Cook refers to this paper in Physical Therapy in Sport. 2014 Aug 10. Combining orthopedic special tests to improve diagnosis of shoulder pathology: http://goo.gl/5wJzDe

Dr Aseem Malhotra is a Consultant Interventional Cardiologist who has been the central catalyst in igniting the debate around the harms of excess sugar consumption in the United Kingdom. He has achieved this via writing commentaries in the BMJ, appearances on majors new channels including BBC, Sky News, ITV & Channel 4 and the regular columns he writes for the Guardian Newspaper about heart disease and other health topics – http://www.theguardian.com/profile/aseem-malhotra. He is the Science Director of the campaign group “Action On Sugar” and has been appointed as Consultant Clinical Associate tot the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. Aseem was recently named in the London evening standard's top 10 "super smart set" in their 1000 most influential list. He has also made the Health Service Journal's top 50 BME outstanding contribution to health care list for the past two years in succession. Aseem has been arguably the most influential secondary care doctor in the UK on issues that effect population health. Thanks to his work it has now become government policy that AEDs will be introduced into all new schools. He is a keynote speaker at the Low Carb High Fat Summit in Cape Town between 19-22 February 2015. In this podcast, Liam West poses the questions that see Aseem take us through the evidence behind the effect of cholesterol, saturated fat and sugar on heart disease. Links to articles discussed in the podcast: Lancet burden of global diseases report http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60460-8/abstract http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)61682-2/abstract NEJM – High fat Mediterranean diet versus low fat Mediterranean diet – impact on heart disease http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200303?viewType=Print&viewClass=Print&activeTab=comments&page=3 EPIC Interact Study http://www.inter-act.eu/publications/publications---scientific-journals.html BMJ Article - Saturated Fat 2013 http://www.bmj.com/content/347/bmj.f6340 Sanja Basu & Robert Lustig – sugar consumption and availability worldwide http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0057873 Nutritional BMJ publications 12/2/15 – sugar industry bias http://www.bmj.com/company/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/sugar-invest.pdf http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h780 http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h231 http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h215 http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h219 http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h220 Twitter handles: @BJSM_BMJ @DrAseemMalhotra Low Carb High Fat Hashtag - #LCHF

Dr Jeppe Bo Lauersen, currently working as a medical doctor in Copenhagen, investigated exercise intervention and its effects during a pre-graduate scholarship year at the Institute of Sport Science in Copenhagen with co-authors Ditte Bertelsen and Lars Bo Andersen. Prof Andersen, who is the head of the Centre for Research in Childhood Health at the University of Southern Denmark and a professor the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, joins him on this podcast. They discuss their systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials investigating exercise interventions for sports injuries. In this podcast they share with us their interesting results, why some of the findings surprised them, and what conclusions we could take away from their work. Prof Andersen also shares some thoughts on the statistics and methods surrounding systematic reviews. With exercise and its effect on health receiving much attention in the wide stream media currently, the authors discuss the effectiveness of exercise interventions, and what we should focus on when considering treatment of sports injuries. Find their article here: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/11/871.full

Clavicle fractures are common in contact sports as well as cycling trauma. Canada’s Olympic Team Chief Medical Officer shares dramatic results from a large RCT which has been a game changer. Thanks to the Canadian Academy of Sports and Exercise Medicine (CASEM) for permission to steal this content from the CASEM Annual Meeting. Enjoy this second of Bob McCormack’s three BJSM podcasts. The first was on first time shoulder dislocation: http://goo.gl/3rvsLC The third will cover AC joint separation.

Dr MP (Rien) Heijboer, orthopedic surgeon, works at the Dept at Orthopedic at the Erasamus Medical Centre in Rotterdam. He has extensive experience with sports-related injuries and has worked for more than 30 years as medical adviser of football club Feijenoord in Rotterdam. He is a member of the medical staff of the Dutch National Soccer Team and visited the world soccer championships in Brasil in 2014, which he describes as a "life-time experience"! He is president of the Dutch Orthopedic Society (NOV). Their annual congress will be held on February 5th and 6th 2015 in Maastricht: http://goo.gl/gzx2BS. He has a great interest in sports-related injuries and today Rien discusses the latest research findings on cam and hip impingement in soccer players. Further reading A cam deformity is gradually acquired during skeletal maturation in adolescent and young male soccer players: a prospective study with minimum 2-year follow-up: http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/42/4/798.abstract Pincer deformity does not lead to osteoarthritis of the hip whereas acetabular dysplasia does: acetabular coverage and development of osteoarthritis in a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK): http://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063-4584(13)00873-X/pdf Cam impingement causes osteoarthritis of the hip: a nationwide prospective cohort study(CHECK): http://ard.bmj.com/content/72/6/918.abstract The development of Cam-type deformity in adolescent and young male soccer players: http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/5/1099.abstract Clinical Graphics: https://www.clinicalgraphics.com/en/professionals/supporters/

“There is no essential human need for any carbohydrate” is just one of Professor Timothy Noakes’ quotes in this provocative chat. He explains insulin resistance, distinguishes between elite athletes and the general population, and provides examples of athletes who were likely insulin-resistant. He shares practical diet tips. BJSM asks whether diets high in protein and fat increase risk of bowel cancer or heart disease. Tim explains the surprising catalyst for Cape Town hosting the world’s first Low Carb High Fat Health Summit (February 19 to 22, 2015). There you can meet Gary Taubes (Good Calories Bad Calories), Nina Teicholz (Big Fat Surprise) and a diverse range of experts who draw similar conclusions about healthy eating. The podcast closes with BJSM challenging Tim about changing his mind – doing ‘U-turns’ – how can a Professor think different things on different days?

Shoulder dislocation is common in sports, and management for the active athlete who dislocates for the first time remains controversial. Canada’s Olympic Medical Committee Medical Director, Prof Bob McCormack, explains the ways to assess patients to help decide whether to trial rehabilitation first or to opt for reconstruction. Bob has vast experience as an Olympic team doctor (beginning with Sydney) and as a team physician in the Canadian Football League and Major League Soccer. This is the first of 3 podcasts; he discusses management of AC joint separation and clavicle fracture in the others. BJSM welcomes the Canadian Academy of Sport & Exercise Medicine (CASEM) as one of 17 member societies (Full access to all content).

With Ann Gates and Ian Ritchie (@ExerciseWorks and Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, respectively). The ebullient Ann Gates, physical activity champion and social media phenomenon, explains that the campaign to train physicians to prescribe exercise is not squarely in the medical curriculum. In this joint podcast with Mr Ian Ritchie, we learn that surgeons are also taking up the cudgel to encourage physical activity before surgery, in hospital, and after surgery. Surgeons themselves need to be role models – to undertake 150 minutes of physical activity per week. Listen to the practical suggestions, share the free Nottingham University Medical School learning module at your institution. See Ann Gates’ full editorial at http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2015/01/01/bjsports-2014-094442.extract The BJSM special issue on Physical Activity (2015) is issue #4 (Online first from January 30th, 2015)

Drs Jon Finnoff and John DiFiori on sports ultrasound. For several years, primary care sports medicine doctors have been mastering musculoskeletal ultrasound. With new technology comes a sharp learning curve and as the field matures, we begin to realise the full utility of point of care ultrasound. As sports medicine practitioners, we are now understanding that ultrasound has applications outside of the musculoskeletal system that may be advantageous for our practices. A couple of examples of this include FAST exam to look at abdominal trauma and limited echocardiography in pre-participation examination. This podcast highlights 2 articles that will be published in the AMSSM themed edition of BJSM in February, 2015. One on a new sports ultrasound curriculum for sports medicine fellowships and the other on a position paper on US- guided interventional procedures. Dr Ken Mautner discusses these articles with the chair of the AMSSM MSK US Task force, Dr Jon Finnoff, as well as with the immediate past president of AMSSM, Dr John Difiori. They will shed much more light on the transition to this new term “Sports Ultrasound” and how it may impact your practice. They will also discuss some aspects of their interventional position paper on MSK US which is timely as there is continued downward trends in reimbursement for interventional US. See also: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2014/10/19/bjsports-2014-094219.full American Medical Society for Sports Medicine recommended sports ultrasound curriculum for sports medicine fellowships: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2014/10/31/bjsports-2014-094220.full

Dr David Opar joins us for this BJSM podcast. David is a lecturer at the Australian Catholic University in Melbourne and one of the emerging voices in the field of hamstring strain injuries, having done work on the possible mechanism of injury as well as prospective studies aimed at better understanding eccentric strength as a risk factor for these injuries. His work also investigates the Nordic Hamstring Device, developed by the Queensland University of Technology Hamstring Group, looking into the potential of this device in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of hamstring injuries. Nicol van Dyk, a physiotherapist in the Rehabilitation Department at Aspetar Sports Medicine & Orthopaedic Hospital in Qatar, leads the discussion around nordic hamstring exercises, the role of eccentric strength in hamstring strain injuries and the seeing the big picture in prevention and rehabilitation. With hamstring strain injuries continuing to receive much attention in the literature and mainstream media, David Opar elucidates some significant features of this common injury.

Cerebral Palsy (CP) Football in the UK gives players the opportunity to develop individual skills within a team environment, encased in an impairment competitive structure. The football programme contributes to the development of the England Cerebral Palsy Regional and National Squads, through talent identification with the goal to provide player performance pathway for elite performers, and also to provide participation opportunities for players of all abilities. Dr Osman Ahmed (@osmanhahmed) has a PhD in concussion & social media where his research was focused on the use of Social Networking Sites (specifically Facebook) in assisting the recovery from sports concussion. Since 2003 he has been involved with providing physiotherapy services to a range of disability football teams for the Football Association including CP, Learning Disability, Blind, Partially sighted and Amputee squads. Jordan Raynes (@jraynes32) has been involved with England CP Football team for many years now as a goalkeeper and has travelled with the squad to various competitions around the globe (including the Paralympic Games in Beijing in 2008). To discuss CP football and the medical issues involved with the sport with Osman and Jordan is Dr Liam West (@Liam_West). Liam is a Senior Associate Editor of the BJSM and a junior doctor in Oxford, UK. He also runs the “Undergraduate Perspective on SEM” blog series for BJSM, building on his passion for increasing awareness and opportunities in SEM for undergraduates. See also: http://www.thefa.com/my-football/player/disability-football/play http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/mar/cps-world-cup-at-sgp-200314 http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/get-inspired/26545892 Enhancing performance and sport injury prevention in disability sport: moving forwards in the field of football http://goo.gl/l8sFs2

Bob Sallis is a family physician and sports medicine expert who encourages his patients to take charge of their health by exercising. With a passion for prevention, he lends his voice to the Every Body Walk Campaign and is an avid supporter and advocate of the Exercise is Medicine initiative of the ACSM. And Bob literally "walks the walk": he walks (or runs) every day! He tells us about the Exercise is Medicine initiative, talks about dosing (and overdosing!) of exercise, discusses the role of the physician and the fitness industry in getting people to exercise, and gives some practical tips on how to prescribe exercises to someone who is injured or has a chronic disease. See also: Sallis RE. Exercise is medicine and physicians need to prescribe it! Br J Sports Med 2009;43:3-4. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/43/1/3.full Sallis RE. Developing healthcare systems to support exercise: exercise as the fifth vital sign. Br J Sports Med 2011;45:473-474. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/45/6/473.full http://everybodywalk.org/ http://www.exerciseismedicine.org/

Dr Cees-Rein van den Hoogenband is surgeon and Chief Medical Officer of the London 2012 Olympic Team from the Netherlands and is on the Dutch Olympic Committee. Cees-Rein has worked for more than 25 years in soccer as the team doctor of football club PSV and is still responsible for their medical policies. He has been awarded a PhD on diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of inversion trauma of the ankle joint. He is also chairperson of the FINA medical commission and the father of Olympic Champion Pieter van den Hoogenband. He was part of the expert panel responsible for specialist recognition of sports medicine in the Netherlands and is the founder and leader of a four year masterclass for top sport physicians. See also: http://www.topsupport-anna.nl/ http://www.pietervandenhoogenband.nl/ http://www.psv.nl/ Sports injuries and illnesses in the 2009 FINA World Championships (Aquatics). http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/44/7/522.long Cox GR, Mujika L, van den Hoogenband CR. Nutritional recommendations for water polo. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2014 Aug;24(4):382-91.

Associate Professor Grethe Myklebust, physiotherapist and PhD from the Olympic Training Centre in Norway, was one of the pioneers to investigate the role of exercise for ACL prevention. To discuss her research with her is Jodie McClelland from La Trobe University. Jodie’s experience is in the biomechanics of the knee in the normal and injured state, and she has the knowledge to extract the best information from Grethe about her research and its impact on the clinical management of those with, and at risk of, ACL injury.

Do you struggle to change your own behaviour? Do you find it hard to get ‘motivated’ or to motivate others? The opening keynote lecture at the tremendous Sports Medicine Australia conference (2014) addressed these issues and gave solutions. Prof Stuart Biddle is the Professor of Physical Activity & Health at Victoria University, Melbourne Australia. He is a recent ‘Aussie’ and a longtime leader at Loughborough University in the UK. In this podcast you will be exposed to the current day thinking on the balance between internal and external factors on motivation. You’ll learn about influential models that help to change behaviour including ‘Nudge’ and the work of BJ Fogg (Stanford). An elegant combination of evidence and practical application, this is a must listen for those who aim to encourage more healthy behaviours.

Emeritus Professor Renström, from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, covers a wide range of topics while talking to BJSM Deputy Editor Babette Pluim. He discusses Lars Peterson's and his book on sports injuries, shares his 24-yr experience with the IOC medical commission, looks back on his time as Professor of Orthopedics in Vermont, explains the importance of periodisation in professional tennis, and analyses the role of the ATP, STMS and ITF in improving the medical care of tennis players and furthering the scientific knowledge in this area. References: Sports Injuries: their prevention and treatment. http://www.humankinetics.com/products/all-products/sports-injuries-3rd-edition The Duke of Edingburgh Prize http://www.basem.co.uk/institute-of-sports-and-medicine.shtml Sports Medicine Hall of Fame http://www.prweb.com/releases/AOSSM/Per_AFH_Renstrom/prweb2574924.htm Injury and illness definitions and data collection procedures for use in epidemiological studies in Athletics (track and field): Consensus statement http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/7/483.long Sports injuries and illnesses during the London Summer Olympic Games 2012 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/7/407.long Sports injuries and illnesses during the Winter Olympic Games 2010 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/44/11/772.long\ Consensus statement on epidemiological studies of medical conditions in tennis http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/43/12/893.long An interview with Per Renström on his personal perspective of the changes and developments in the sports medicine field over the last 40 years http://www.biomedcentral.com/2052-1847/5/8

Prof Mario Maas is professor of radiology, in particular musculoskeletal radiology, at the Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam. His focus of research includes joint and tendon disorders, muscle pathology and sports imaging and he is a regular contributor to the BJSM I-test series. Mario Maas explains the essence of sports imaging and what information a sports physician should include to make his referral note even more useful. He describes what he wants his students, fellows and young doctors to learn about sports medicine and what makes a good teacher. Finally, he shares with us the aims and mission of ACES, the Academic Centre for Evidence Based Sports Medicine. See also: Predicting return to play after hamstring injuries http://goo.gl/9uvlVf MRI observations at return to play of clinically recovered hamstring injuries http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/18/1370.long I-test: a gymnast with anterior knee pain: not a typical case of jumper's knee http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/6/476.extract An 11-year-old high-level competitive gymnast with back pain http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/14/929.extract A long-distance runner with lateral knee pain http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/44/16/1209.1.extract Imaging techniques in sports medicine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19785847

In this podcast James Walsh talks with professional mixed martial artist (MMA) and osteopath Rosi Sexton. They discuss performance enhancing drug use within MMA, the challenges of promoting a new sport to the public, and training and injury within MMA.

In this podcast James Walsh talks with Dr Shabaaz Mughal Tottenham Hotspurs team docor and Dr Ian Beasley Medical director of the FA about head injuries in football. They discuss the new concussion protocols that have come in this season, rule changes and the FA’s “Use your head campaign”. http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/aug/head-injuries-in-football

With over twenty years' experience, accreditation in Sports Physiotherapy, and a recent PhD in the topic of lateral hip pain, Alison Grimaldi (@AlisonGrimaldi) was invited to this podcast by BJSM’s Twitter community. She is a popular conference speaker internationally. Here she walks you through each step of the assessment and treatment of an older patient with right hip pain. She then shares how to assess and treat a younger sportsperson. In both cases, Dr Grimaldi emphasizes that compression is bad for tendons that run over bony prominences (trochanter in this case) and indicates how this can be addressed. Enjoy one of our most practical podcasts. Recorded at the Physiotherapy New Zealand Conference, Auckland (September 2014) with thanks to the NZ Sports Physiotherapy Interest Group (@SportsPhysioNZ). Links: 1) JL Cook, C Purdam Is compressive load a factor in the development of tendinopathy? Br J Sports Med 46(3):163-8. 2012 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/46/3/163.abstract 2) Fearon A, Stephens S, Cook J, et al. The relationship of femoral neck shaft angle and adiposity to greater trochanteric pain syndrome in women. A case control morphology and anthropometric study. Br J Sports Med. 2012 http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/46/12/888.long

This is a podcast by Dr Robert-Jan de Vos, sports physician in the Erasmus Medical Centre in the Netherlands, with Guustaaf Reurink, who is a registrar in Sports medicine in the Netherlands and is currently finishing his thesis on diagnosis and treatment of acute hamstring injuries. Recently, he published a paper in the New England Journal of Medicine about the role of Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) treatment for acute hamstring injuries (http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1402340). We start with discussing this interesting study, which did not show a benefit of PRP injections in acute hamstring injuries. Dr Reurink expresses the methods and results of this study and possible explanations for these findings are debated. Dr Reurink also performed a number of studies on the value of clinical tests and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in acute hamstring injuries. Previously, he already showed that most MRIs are still abnormal when the athlete already returned to gameplay (http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2013/11/19/bjsports-2013-092450.abstract?eaf). We close by discussing the role of MRI and standardised clinical tests as a predictor of time to return to play and re-injury.

Are you old enough to remember the storm when Jenny McConnell first proposed new exercise and taping procedures for patellofemoral pain (PFP)? It revolutionised rehabilitation for the many sufferers of the condition and it promoted much-needed research. So do we still need to tape and focus on the vastus medialis? Professor Kay Crossley of La Trobe University is a present-day expert in PFP, having completed several key RCTs on patellofemoral pain. She discusses (i) the outcomes of the 3rd International Patellofemoral Retreat (BJSM 2014, see below), (ii) the best PFP treatments and evidence for them as well as (iii) new insights into knee pain after ACL reconstruction. See also the following papers: Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised clinical trial http://goo.gl/yhPfxp Patellofemoral pain: consensus statement from the 3rd International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat held in Vancouver, September 2013 http://goo.gl/CxgClm Is patellofemoral osteoarthritis a common sequela of patellofemoral pain? http://goo.gl/Z8Aw1Y

Dr G.M.M.J. (Gino) Kerkhoffs is professor of Orthopaedics at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), with a special emphasis on sports traumatology. Grading of muscle injuries should have a big influence on time to return to sport but it’s not so easy! Babette Pluim asks Prof Kerkhoffs how the Munich Consensus Statement of terminology and classification of muscle injuries in sport was developed. And what are the practical implications for clinicians? Prof Kerkhoffs also shares his dream about the development of a centre of expertise for the advancement of care for injured athletes, with integrated diagnostics, customised treatment and monitoring of treatment results in Amsterdam, and the steps that have already been taken. See also: Terminology and classification of muscle injuries in sport: the Munich consensus statement http://goo.gl/7tM2PF https://www.amc.nl/web/Het-AMC/Afdelingen/Medische-afdelingen/Orthopedie/Orthopedie/Afdeling.htm Amsterdam Institute of Sports Sciences: http://aiss.nl/

Dr Gino Kerkhoffs is professor of Orthopaedics at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Amsterdam (AMC-UvA), with a special emphasis on sports traumatology. He shares his expertise on ankle injuries with Dr Babette Pluim, and discusses evidence based treatment options of ankle impingement, ligament injuries and osteochondral lesions. Prof Kerkhoffs also discusses treatment of the slow healing metatarsal V stress fractures. See also: Economic evaluations of diagnostic tests: treatment and prevention for lateral ankle sprains: a systematic review http://goo.gl/Pn9FMp A twist on the athlete's ankle twist: some ankles are more equal than others http://goo.gl/3FhGBT Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: an evidence-based clinical guideline http://goo.gl/7ITP7S Treatment of proximal metatarsal V fractures in athletes and non-athletes http://goo.gl/fKaib6

Peter O’Sullivan has two recent BJSM podcasts (see below). In this podcast he shares his thoughts on the recent media attention around Tiger Woods' obvious back pain while playing in the US PGA. He discusses what the pathology might be, why the media suggested that Mr Woods’ ‘sacrum went out’. He contends that ‘core strengthening’ may not be the panacea. The lessons apply to the management of low back pain, and other pain, in a myriad of settings. See also Read Professor O'Sullivan's blog on Tiger Wood's back pain: http://bit.ly/1zaISGz Listen to his podcast on lower back pain: http://goo.gl/jrQxSe Listen to his podcast on overtreatment and overdiagnosis in sports medicine: http://goo.gl/vPZ3g8

Professor Michael Kjaer is Professor in Sports Medicine at the Institute of Sports Medicine and Centre for Healthy Ageing in Copenhagen, Denmark. He has published articles in the areas of Sports Medicine and muscle and tendon adaptation at the structural and mechanical levels as well as at the cellular and molecular level. Michael is interested in mechanisms of adaptations to muscle and tendon following exercise, disuse, disease and ageing. In this podcast on tendon and tendon pathology he gives a synthesis of seven models of tendinopathy, explains the difference between mid-tendon and insertional tendinopathy, presents his views on the healing capacity of tendons, talks about the (absence of a) link between tendinopathy and tendon rupture, and discusses the various interventions that are used in an attempt to promote tendon healing, including eccentric and concentric exercises. Links to articles: Heinemeier KM, Schjerling P, Heinemeier J, Magnusson SP, and Kjaer M. Lack of tissue renewal in human adult Achilles tendon is revealed by nuclear bomb 14C. FASEB Journal 2013;27:2074–9. http://goo.gl/MRmulq Kjaer M. Role of extracellular matrix in adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to machanical loading. Physiol Rev 2004;84:649-8. http://goo.gl/tEiirg Magnusson SP, Langberg H, Kjaer M. The pathogenesis of tendinopathy: balancing the response to loading. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010;6:262-8. http://goo.gl/s1dpDc

Dr Ross Tucker is an Exercise Physiologist and High Performance Sports Science Consultant. He obtained a PhD in Exercise Physiology from the University of Cape Town in 2006, and graduated at the same time with a Post-Graduate in Sports Management from the Faculty of Commerce. Ross is hot on social media, with a cool website (http://www.sportsscientists.com), over 12.000 likes on Facebook, and more than 40.000 twitter followers (he's @Scienceofsport ). In this podcast with Babette Pluim he gives an update on what makes a champion, discusses all the fuss about low carb and high fat diets, comments on barefoot running and takes the 10,000 hour paradigm apart. See also: The anticipatory regulation of performance: The physiological basis for pacing strategies and the development of a perception-based model for exercise performance http://goo.gl/tDs9Af The physiological regulation of pacing strategy during exercise: a critical review http://goo.gl/Oe5Llu What makes champions? A review of the relative contribution of genes and training to sporting success http://goo.gl/moG4De

In one of 2014’s ‘highlight’ podcasts, New York Times best-selling author David Epstein simplifies genetics and explains that intricate relationship between nature and nurture. David Epstein’s research took him to all corners of the globe and you’ll hear about ‘Superbaby’ (a newborn with muscles sculpted like a powerlifter), ‘A tale of two high jumpers’ (no hints, spoiler alert), and a person whose genes drove her to exercise so much that she had to talk to David on her cellphone while running around an airport parkade. You’ll be convinced that the ’10,000 hours’ argument (Malcolm Gladwell – Outliers) needs to be put in the scientific trash can. Thought-provoking and entertaining, David Epstein should be a household name for the BJSM community. David delivered the President’s lecture at the 2014 AMSSM Annual Meeting (New Orleans). Recorded at the Summit – Leaders in Performance – New York (June 17/18 2014); with permission from Leaders (James Worrall) See also: This podcast builds on a 2012 podcast and paper by Ross Tucker (“What makes a champion?”) - Podcast: bit.ly/1oJNJ1R, Paper: R Tucker, M Collins bit.ly/1iJG3Vp David’s TED Talk “Are athletes really getting faster, better, stronger?”: bit.ly/SVMy09 What makes champions? A review of the relative contribution of genes and training to sporting success: http://bit.ly/XmmYEY The genetic basis for elite running performance: http://bit.ly/1oUPx6x Podcast- David Epstein – ‘The Sports Gene’ author (Part 2) – Hearts and blood: http://bit.ly/1t2rEJK

If you enjoyed Part 1 of David Epstein’s BJSM podcast listen to this one to hear about the genetic contribution to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the reason it is so hard to detect in all cases, and real life choices that some players made when offered genetic screening opportunities. We finish by discussing whether an Olympic cross-country ski champion with a hematocrit of 65 is a blood-doper or the carrier of an unusual single-gene mutation. I learned a great deal from David Epstein in both podcasts; David has put the bar very high for future podcast guests. Recorded at the Summit – Leaders in Performance – New York (June 17/18 2014); with permission from Leaders (James Worrall). David Epstein’s session at Leaders was sponsored by Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar. For more related content: Sports Cardiology module on BMJ Learning including Seattle Criteria: bit.ly/1lI8djo J Drezner, M Ackerman, J Anderson et al, Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: the ‘Seattle Criteria’ bit.ly/1ic8P6i Advances in Sports Cardiology November 12, Volume 46: bit.ly/1pitAMf J Drezner, Standardised criteria for ECG interpretation in athletes: a practical tool, bit.ly/1lYQc5f Bruce Hamilton, Ben Levine, Paul Thompson, Greg Whyte, Mathew Wilson, Debate: challenges in sports cardiology; US vs European approaches bit.ly/1lEudzX Unravelling the grey zone: cardiac MRI volume to wall mass ratio to differentiate hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the athlete's heart: http://bit.ly/1t1LlmQ Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Cardiac Screening: A trainee perspective: http://bit.ly/1oUOWSk Peripheral vascular structure and function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/46/Suppl_1/i98.full Unraveling the grey zone: cardiac MRI volume to wall mass ratio to differentiate hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the athlete's heart: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2013/06/13/bjsports-2013-092360.full Screening athletes for cardiovascular disease in Africa: a challenging experience: http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/9/579.full