BJSM Podcast

This podcast discusses the new consensus statement on the risks of physical activity for people living with long term conditions. Shona Kohlhardt is joined by Dr Hamish Reid and Dr Natasha Jones, as they explain the latest findings and new recommendations from the consensus. This conversation covers: New recommendations around patients being ‘fit for participation’ How to get patients to increase their physical activity levels How to practically overcome perceived risks and barriers to physical activity Who should be the judge of whether someone is safe enough to exercise The potential ramifications of this statement in the broader system, focusing on the physical activity sector The consensus: Benefits outweigh the risks: a consensus statement on the risks of physical activity for people living with long-term conditions: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2021/11/03/bjsports-2021-104281

In this podcast Brooke Patterson talks with Associate Professor Deirdre McGhee about breast injuries and breast health. Deirdre is a sports physiotherapist, and leads the breast research and education area of the Australian Institute of Sport Female Performance and Health Initiative (https://www.ais.gov.au/fphi). She has been researching breast health biomechanics for the past 20 years, has written guidelines for Sports Medicine Australia on breast support and bra fit for female athletes (https://sma.org.au/resources-advice/injury-fact-sheets/exercise-and-breast-support/) and the freely accessible web-based App, “Sports Bra” (https://www.bra.edu.au/), to guide female athletes on breast support and bra fit. The podcast covers practical tips for clinicians to check bra fit and why it is important, and the current evidence related to breast injuries, treatment, and breast protection for women playing contact sports.

Today, AMSSM members Dr. Caitlyn Mooney hosts Dr. Katie Rizzone on the topic of sports bras. With more women athletes than ever, the sports bra has certainly grown in popularity in the last decades. This podcast will visit the history of breast support in sport and discuss how breast pain and discomfort effect sports participation in women as well as recent research by Dr. Rizzone and colleagues on their recent study on characteristics of sports bra preference in adolescent females. More info: CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORTS BRA PREFERENCES IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES Katherine H. Rizzone, MD MPH, Bianca Edison, MD MPH, Jane Chung, MD, Ingrid K. Ichesco, MD, Nailah Coleman, MD https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2325967121S00110

In this podcast, we’re joined by Dr Yetsa Tuakli-Wosornu, Lead Author of the BJSM #SportsEquity e-Edition and Dr Jane Thornton, one of the BJSM’s editors. We cover: How this e-Edition came about The difference between equity and equality Why this issue is so important How people can use this e-edition in their personal and professional Links: E-Edition: https://bjsm.bmj.com/pages/bjsm-e-edition-sportsequity/ Editorial: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2021/09/09/bjsports-2021-104874

Today, Brooke Patterson hosts Annie Strauch and Catherine Etty-Leal, both experienced Australian physiotherapists with a Masters in Sports Physio and Musculoskeletal Physio. Annie’s passion for performance physiotherapy started in London’s West End where she managed performers in over 30 productions. After that, Performance Medicine (https://performancemedicine.com.au/) was born, a multidisciplinary clinic to provide singers, dancers and performers with tailored physiotherapy treatment. Annie and Catherine both specialise in vocal physiotherapy, and provide some tips for online public speaking. They discuss injury management and prevention for performing artists, and the cultural considerations. Sports medicine professionals have a big role to play in the performing arts industry, and Annie and Catherine share some tips for getting involved in the field. Links International Association of Dance Medicine and Science (IADMS) - https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/Cu1_CMwv0QUOKzGqCwWvfG?domain=iadms.org/ Australian Society of Performing Arts & Healthcare (ASPAH)-https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/RieBCNLwP9UlKj10c4VDDt?domain=aspah.org.au/ Australian Voice Association (AVA)- https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/7-noCOMxQyURVvopTkxo26?domain=australianvoiceassociation.com.au/ Medical Problems in Performing Artists (MPPA) - https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/5dXICP7yRZiGY3qKSjiL2U?domain=sciandmed.com RETURN TO DANCE post COVID - Webinar about how dance teachers, dance professionals and dance clinicians can assist their dance students return to the studio in a safe way. -https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/-ILGCROAWocm958vSoFlgP?domain=performancemedicine.com.au/

The mental health of athletes has been in the spotlight throughout this summer, as high-profile athletes such as Naomi Osaka and Simone Biles have spoken out about the importance of prioritizing their physical, and especially their mental, well-being. In this episode, host Dr. Giselle Aerni, MD is joined by AMSSM Past Presidents Dr. Cindy Chang, MD and Dr. Margot Putukian, MD to discuss the AMSSM Position Statement on Mental Health Issues and Psychological Factors in Athletes, which Dr. Aerni also co-authored. In this 33-minute conversation, they address the following topics: The importance of a position statement on the mental health of athletes and the novel aspects addressed in the document The team-based approach to mental health care and why it’s a crucial component for the well-being of athletes How the acceptance of mental health issues has evolved in recent years and the impact social media has on those perceptions The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on athletes’ mental health and how it reinforces the need for conversations about this vital issue Resources: Mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: detection, management, effect on performance and prevention: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement (https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/54/4/216.full) Madam Athlete Podcast (https://madamathlete.com/)

Dan is a podiatrist and a senior lecturer at La Trobe University. He completed a PhD in 2019, where he investigated the use of foot orthoses for the prevention of injury in military recruits. In this episode, Brooke Patterson discusses with Dan the key considerations for clinicians when helping athletes make footwear choices. They discuss the role of performance and sponsorship, and Dan provides his opinion on Nike’s super spike in the lead up to the Tokyo Olympics. The role of injury, comfort, gender, and foot shape, and research in footwear design is discussed. Twitter: @DanielRBonanno

What is a weighted ball velocity throwing program? Do they work, and what is the evidence of benefit? What are the risks involved and common injury patterns seen? Host Dr. Devin McFadden, MD is joined by Dr. Jason Zaremski, MD to explore these topics and more on the AMSSM Sports Medcast. Dr. Zaremski is a clinical associate professor holding a joint appointment from the Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation at the University of Florida. In addition he is the Co-Medical Director of the Adolescent and High School Outreach Program at the University of Florida. He is a past participant in the AMSSM International Travelling Fellowship program, is a Co-Chair of the AMSSM Fellowship Committee and currently serves on the Board of Directors for the AMSSM. In this 17 minute conversation Dr. Zaremski addressed the following topics: Defining a weighted ball velocity program Considering the risks and benefits of their use Determining what populations should not use these programs and how to safely implement them if athletes decide to pursue one. Zaremski JL. Weighted Ball Velocity Throwing Programs Are Effective. Are the Benefits Worth the Risk? Clin J Sport Med. 2020 Mar 11. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000822. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33914497. Caldwell JE, Alexander FJ, Ahmad CS. Weighted-Ball Velocity Enhancement Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2019 Feb 12;7(2):2325967118825469. doi: 10.1177/2325967118825469. PMID: 30800693; PMCID: PMC6378453. Melugin HP, Smart A, Verhoeven M, Dines JS, Camp CL. The Evidence Behind Weighted Ball Throwing Programs for the Baseball Player: Do They Work and Are They Safe? Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2021 Feb;14(1):88-94. doi: 10.1007/s12178-020-09686-0. Epub 2021 Jan 6. PMID: 33403626; PMCID: PMC7930148.

Today Brooke Patterson (@Knee_Howells) speaks with Dr Nonhlanhla Mkumbuzi (@DrNoeMkumbuzi). Dr Mkumbuzi is a physiotherapist, and completed her PhD in 2020 on the association of genetic risk factors with nociception and pain in chronic painful achilles and patellar tendinopathies. She is a post-doctoral research fellow at the University of Cape Town. Dr Mkumbuzi shares some eye-opening experiences as head physiotherapist for Zimbabwe National Rugby Teams. We discuss her recent editorial (https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2021/05/10/bjsports-2021-104202) and the broad consideration of race, culture, gender, and economics in sport and exercise medicine. She shares some personal experience and advice for marginalised athletes, clinicians, and academics. Brooke discusses the opportunity to get involved in the BJSM global mentoring program (https://bjsm.bmj.com/pages/wp-content/uploads/sites/17/2021/03/BJSM-Global-SEM-Mentoring-Program.pdf). Mentors can submit a short statement of interest with your areas of expertise to [email protected]. Mentees can submit a short description of the proposed study, and the specific areas you could use assistance.

On this episode of the AMSSM CRN Spotlight Podcast (T: @TheAMSSM) host Dr. Jeremy Schroeder, DO, is joined by BJSM Editor-in-Chief Dr. Jonathan Drezner, MD, and Kimberly Harmon, MD, who are both Past Presidents of AMSSM. In this 23-minute conversation, Drs. Drezner and Harmon discuss the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes (ORCCA) national registry and address the following topics: · Details about the ORCCA registry, what makes it unique and why it was created · The early findings of the registry and what they mean for team physicians and athletic trainers · How this study and others are impacting return-to-play decisions after COVID · The current recommendations regarding cardiac imaging in athletes · Finding the right balance in our professional and personal lives Resources: SARS-CoV-2 Cardiac Involvement in Young Competitive Athletes (https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054824)

Dr Joanne Parsons (@J_ParsonsUofM) is a physical therapist and an associate professor at the University of Manitoba. Dr Stephanie Coen (@steph_coen) is a health geographer and assistant professor at the University of Nottingham in the UK. To date, ACL injury prevention and management has been approached from a sex-based biological point of view. In this episode, Dr Brooke Patterson (@Knee_Howells) discusses with Joanne and Stephanie how the traditional sex-based approach does not take into account the growing recognition of how sex and gender (a social construct) are ‘entangled’ and influence each other. They discuss their recent review (co-authored with Sheree Bekker), (https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2021/03/09/bjsports-2020-103173) and how clinicians can take a gendered approach to inform more effective approaches to injury prevention and management.

In this podcast, Dr. Jane Thornton hosts Dr. Fiona Wilson and Kellie Wilkie to discuss their 2021 consensus statement for preventing and managing low back pain in elite and subelite adult rowers. Dr. Fiona Wilson is an associate professor and physiotherapist in the School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin where she is head of the physiotherapy programme. She was lead physiotherapist for Rowing Ireland for 10 years and still practices clinically focusing on managing low back pain. Kellie Wilkie is a Sport & Exercise Physiotherapist with her own private practice in Hobart, Tasmania. She was an Australian Rowing Team Physiotherapist from 2008-2016 and the Lead Physiotherapist in the Rio Olympic cycle. We cover: · What is rowing-related low back pain and how prevalent is it? · What causes rowing-related low back pain, and can it be prevented? · How should rowing-related low back pain be managed? · What this means for rowers, coaches and medical staff Links: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2021/03/11/bjsports-2020-103385.abstract World Rowing site: https://worldrowing.com/2021/05/11/guide-for-managing-low-back-pain-in-rowers/

Did you know that being on the International Space Station for a few months can have the same effect on bone density loss as a decade or more of aging here on earth? In this episode, Dr. Erin Macri asks Drs. Leigh Gabel and Kate Ackerman about a recent publication about predictors of bone loss on long-duration space flights – it’s not what you might think! – and how this new information might change how we approach bone health in sports medicine here on earth. Links and resources: https://twitter.com/AstroVicGlover/status/1337434468244746240 Gabel L, Liphardt AM, Hulme PA, Heer M, Zwart SR, Sibonga JD, Smith SM, Boyd S. Pre-flight exercise and bone metabolism predict unloading-induced bone loss due to spaceflight. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Published Online First: 17 February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103602 Ackerman KE, Popp KL, Bouxsein ML. Rocket science: what spaceflight can tell us about skeletal health on Earth. British Journal of Sports Medicine Published Online First: 21 April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104164

On this episode of the AMSSM Sports Medcast (T: @TheAMSSM) host Dr. Ashwin Rao, MD is joined by Dr. Crystal Wong, MD, a family medicine physician at the University of Washington and an Associate Medical Director at UW Neighborhood Clinics. She was instrumental in developing and implementing telemedicine services at the University of Washington during the COVID-19 pandemic, when UW saw a 29,000 percent increase of in telemedicine visits. In this 22-minute conversation, Dr. Wong discusses her experience with telehealth services and addresses the following topics: What do you see as the benefits of telemedicine in primary care and how might translate to other disciplines? What are some of the challenges and barriers of telemedicine? What types of visits are most amendable to the telehealth format? What about efforts to replicate a physical exam virtually? What are the challenges of administering telemedicine across state lines? Will telemedicine continue to have a prominent role in practice after the pandemic? What advice does she have for sports medicine providers interested in pursuing telemedicine services? Resources: Telemedicine Management of Musculoskeletal Issues - American Family Physician (aafp.org)

Professor Vicki Anderson is a paediatric neuropsychologist in Melbourne, Australia, with over 25 years of experience across clinical, research and academic sectors. She is the Director of Psychology at The Royal Children's Hospital, and Director of Clinical Sciences Research at Murdoch Children's Research Institute. Her research aims to better diagnose, manage and treat child concussion. In this episode, Brooke Patterson asks Vicki about who is most at risk of persistent symptoms after concussion, evidence-based intervention strategies, and digital health tools for monitoring child with post-concussion symptoms. Twitter: @bivianoanders Website https://www.mcri.edu.au/users/professor-vicki-anderson Resources: Raising Children Network - https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/concussion HeadCheck App - https://www.headcheck.com.au/

The Black Biomechanists Association (BBA) was recently cofounded by Associate Professor Matthew McCullough from North Carolina A&T State University, Kayla Seymore, PhD student at the University of Delaware, and Dr. Erica Bell, Postdoctoral fellow at the Mayo Clinic. In this episode, Dr. Erin Macri inquires about the need for organizations like this in our global scientific communities, and learns more about how the BBA is positioned to lead the charge in changing how we think about diversity, representation and anti-racism in biomechanics research. Twitter: @BlackBiomechs @Erin_Macri Links to articles and references: Become a member (allies welcome): bit.ly/BBA-member Contact us: [email protected] Follow us: @BlackBiomechs on Twitter/Instagram Dr. Karl Zelik, Vanderbilt University: https://theconversation.com/chadwick-bosemans-black-panther-gives-a-boost-to-diversity-in-stem-a-black-engineers-take-on-personal-and-professional-inspiration-151983 Dr. Cherice Hill, Clemson University/Medical University of South Carolina: Hill CN, Reed W, Schmitt D, Sands LP, Queen RM. Racial differences in gait mechanics. Journal of biomechanics. 2020;112:110070 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110070

Are concussions in para-sport a big issue? What are some of the challenges in this setting? Where do you start, when it comes to assessing para-athletes? In this 20-minute podcast with SEM consultant Dr Richard Weiler, you will learn the answers to all of the above, and know where to find some practical tips & tricks. Links: Link to paper https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2021/04/08/bjsports-2020-103696

Dr Simon Kemp is a Sport and Exercise Medicine consultant, and Medical Services Director at the Rugby Football Union. He is a leading researcher in Rugby Medicine, with a wide and high-impact research portfolio. Dr Patrick O’Halloran is a Sport and Exercise Medicine Registrar in the UK who is undertaking a PhD at the University of Birmingham. He also works as a senior medical advisor to Marker. They both join us in this podcast to talk about their recently published paper on the diagnostic signatures of concussion in the saliva of male athletes. In this 15-minute chat, we talk about the importance of developing objective measures in diagnosing concussions, how they went about their ground-breaking trial and much more. You can find their paper ‘Unique diagnostic signatures of concussion in the saliva of male athletes: the Study of Concussion in Rugby Union through MicroRNAs (SCRUM)’, via the link below: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2021/02/09/bjsports-2020-103274

The benefits of physical activity are unquestioned, but many health care providers still do a poor job of activity counseling and prescription. Frequently cited reasons for this apparent disconnect include a lack of time, poor reimbursement, and lack of training on how to incorporate exercise prescription into clinical practice. The AMSSM has assembled a team of international experts to help address these gaps and share best practices for incorporating exercise medicine into both clinical practice and academic medicine. On this episode of the AMSSM Sports Medcast (T: @TheAMSSM) host Dr. Devin McFadden, MD is joined by Dr. Irfan Asif, MD is a Professor and Chair of the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine. He also serves on the AMSSM board of directors and is an associate editor for both the BJSM and Sports Health. In this 10-minute conversation Dr. Asif addresses the following topics: What is the focus of the upcoming AMSSM Collaborative Research Summit? What are the aims and anticipated outputs of the summit? Is this summit relevant to a clinician not currently engaged in multi-site research? The Virtual AMSSM Annual Meeting takes place from April 13-18, 2021. Registration is still open for both the main meeting and CRN Research Summit. More information can be found at https://annualmeeting.amssm.org/ Exercise is Medicine connects physical activity to healthcare: https://www.exerciseismedicine.org/ Joy E (L), Blair SN, McBride P, et al. Physical activity counseling in sports medicine: a call to action. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47:49-53. https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/47/1/49.full.pdf Hebert ET, Caughy MO, Shuval K. Primary care providers’ perceptions of physical activity counseling in a clinical setting: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46:625-31. https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/46/9/625.full.pdf

Linda Truong is a physical therapist and PhD trainee at the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver. Her research aims to understand how social support can improve recovery outcomes and delay post-traumatic osteoarthritis after a traumatic knee injury. In this episode, Brooke Patterson asks Linda about her recent scoping review and editorial regarding the need to embrace non-physical factors in the treatment of sports-related injury. Linda provides practical suggestions as to how to assess and treat social and contextual factors after sports-related knee injury. Twitter: @LKTphysio Resources: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311534896_Multidimensional_Scale_of_Perceived_Social_Support_MSPSS_-_Scale_Items_and_Scoring_Information The PASS-Q: The Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50936606_The_PASS-Q_The_Perceived_Available_Support_in_Sport_Questionnaire The ARSQ: The Athletes' Received Support Questionnaire - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261256629_The_ARSQ_The_Athletes%27_Received_Support_Questionnaire Truong LK, Bekker S, Whittaker JL, Removing the training wheels: embracing the social, contextual and psychological in sports medicine, BJSM, Published Online First: 12 November 2020. - https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/11/11/bjsports-2020-102679.abstract Truong LK, Mosewich AD, Holt CJ, Le CY, Miciak M, Whittaker JL. Psychological, social and contextual factors across recovery stages following a sport-related knee injury: a scoping review. BJSM, 2020. - https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/54/19/1149

We all know the benefits of physical activity, but have you ever considered the ways the area you live in influences your ability to and options for exercise? Many Americans live in areas that discourage rather than promote an active lifestyle. Lack of access to areas to safely exercise creates physical activity deserts, which like food deserts, where fresh produce is not readily available, have deleterious effects on the health and well-being of the population living there. On this episode of the AMSSM Sports Medcast (T: @TheAMSSM) host Dr. Devin McFadden, MD is joined by sports medicine researcher and president of the American College of Sports Medicine, Dr. NiCole Keith, PhD. Dr. NiCole Keith (T: @nicolekeithphd) is a Professor from the Department of Kinesiology and associate dean of faculty affairs in the School of Health & Human Sciences at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Her research interests include physical activity and health equity. In addition to serving as the current president of the ACSM she has previously served as the vice president of membership, communication, and policy and serves on both the Exercise is Medicine and American Fitness Index advisory boards. In this 20-minute conversation Dr. Keith addresses the following topics: What are physical activity deserts? Who is a risk of these deserts and what are the consequences? What can we do to advocate for improved access to safe areas to be physically active on the local and national levels? Physical Activity Alliance: https://paamovewithus.org/ The American Fitness Index ranks America’s top 100 healthiest cities: https://americanfitnessindex.org/ Exercise is Medicine connects physical activity to healthcare: https://www.exerciseismedicine.org/ ActivEarth seeks to improve communities through physical activity and active transportation: https://www.acsm.org/acsm-membership/strategic-initiatives/activearth-(active-transportation)

Joining us on this podcast to discuss this crucial topic are Dr Adam Gledhill, Dr Dale Forsdyke and Tom Goom. Adam is Course Director for Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences at Leeds Beckett University. He is also chair of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Science Division of Psychology. Dale is a Senior Lecturer in Sports Injury Management at York St John University, and Head of Science and Medicine at York City Tier 1 Regional Talent Club. Tom (probably known to many as ‘the running physio’) is a physiotherapist with over 15 years of experience who specialises in running injuries. He shares his knowledge with clinicians and runners around the world through his website Running-physio.com and very popular Running Repairs Course. In this podcast we cover: The inspiration behind the editorial and why is it such an important topic Patients’ basic psychological needs and how they relate back to rehab? A number of practical suggestions on how to enhance adherence. Links: ‘I’m asking you to believe—not in my ability to create change, but in yours’: four strategies to enhance patients’ rehabilitation adherence https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/11/03/bjsports-2020-102245?hwshib2=authn%3A1611998232%3A20210129%253A76cf0ccf-1d2e-4e4c-8ced-6c1e1766754f%3A0%3A0%3A0%3AikkQGUelivZ4k1xUJsCLFQ%3D%3D Blog on the running-physio website https://www.running-physio.com/adherence/

Childhood obesity is a prevalent problem but perhaps not as commonly addressed in doctors’ appointments due to a variety of reasons. In part two of their conversation, Dr. Dusty Marie Narducci, MD speaks with Dr. Caitlyn Mooney, MD about childhood obesity, including the following questions: · At what point would you recommend intervening? · Once a weight loss goal is determined, how do you move forward? · How exactly does diet play a role in obesity? · What is the role of physical activity, and what are the current activity recommendations? · What’s the evidence regarding interventions for childhood obesity? · Is there a role for pharmacological therapy in treatment? And what about surgical intervention? · Is there a role for counseling in certain populations? Related Articles and Links: Paul R. Stricker, Avery D. Faigenbaum, Teri M. McCambridge and COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS Pediatrics June 2020, 145 (6) e20201011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1011 Brown T, Moore TH, Hooper L, et al. Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 7:CD001871. Thomas H. Inge, MD, PhD1; Meg H. Zeller, PhD1; Todd M. Jenkins, PhD1; et al. Perioperative Outcomes of Adolescents Undergoing Bariatric Surgery The Teen–Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) Study. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(1):47-53. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4296

Childhood obesity is a prevalent problem but perhaps not as commonly addressed in doctors’ appointments due to a variety of reasons. Dr. Dusty Marie Narducci, MD speaks with Dr. Caitlyn Mooney, MD on the AMSSM Sports Medcast all about childhood obesity. In part one of their conversation, Dr. Narducci tackles the following questions: · Why is it important to know about childhood obesity? · What defines obesity, and what causes it in children? · What are BMI z-scores, and how much can clinicians rely on BMI as a measurement? · What are the comorbidities of obesity in childhood and adolescents? · What are the musculoskeletal implications of obesity? · What is the prognosis of childhood obesity? Related Articles and Links: BMI Z-Score and Percentile Calculator: https://www.bcm.edu/bodycomplab/BMIapp/BMI-calculator-kids.html BMI Percentile Calculator for Child and Teen https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/bmi/calculator.html Boutelle KN, Rhee KE, Liang J, et al. Effect of Attendance of the Child on Body Weight, Energy Intake, and Physical Activity in Childhood Obesity Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171:622. US Preventive Services Task Force, Grossman DC, Bibbins-Domingo K, et al. Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2017; 317:2417. Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report. Pediatrics 2011; 128 Suppl 5:S213

In this podcast, we’re joined by Professor Ben Jones, to discuss his recently published paper on the risk of COVID-19 transmission in sport. Ben is a Professor at the Carnegie School of Sport at Leeds Beckett University, with a background in Sport and Exercise Physiology. He is also Head of Performance for England Rugby League and the Pathway Performance Director for Leeds Rhinos. We cover: · The sports the research relates to · The methods involved · What this means for players, for medical staff, and for sport in general Link: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2021/02/10/bjsports-2020-103714

Twitter: @GBruinvels, @JaneSThornton, @Erin_Macri Dr. Georgie Bruinvels is a Research Associate at St. Mary’s University in Twickenham in the UK, and also works as a Senior Sports Scientist and Research Scientist at Orreco. Her research focuses on the female athlete and female physiology. In this episode, Dr. Erin Macri, Dr. Jane Thornton, and our guest Dr. Georgie Bruinvels discuss menstrual symptoms and sports performance, and explore the technology and ethics around normalizing period talk in sports medicine. Related Articles Bruinvels G, Goldsmith E, Blagrove R, Simpkin A, Lewis N, Morton K, Suppiah A, Rogers JP, Ackerman KE, Newell J, Pedlar C. Prevalence and frequency of menstrual cycle symptoms are associated with availability to train and compete: a study of 6812 exercising women recruited using the Strava exercise app. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102792

Brooke Patterson is a physiotherapist who is currently completing her PhD at the La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, investigating the impact of ACL injuries on the lives of young adults. Brooke played several seasons in the Australian Football League national women’s competition (WAFL), and has recently transitioned to becoming a coach. You will be hearing more from Brooke, who will be hosting some BJSM podcasts over the coming months, so we thought we’d take this opportunity to get to know Brooke and her research. In this podcast we discuss: The latest ACL injury prevention & early-onset osteoarthritis research The next big breakthroughs to expect in the next decade from a research perspective do Advice for people wanting to/working in elite women’s sport Links: 1. Making football safer for women with Brooke Patterson and Dr Ben Mentiplay. Episode #445 https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/making-football-safer-for-women-with-brooke-patterson-and-dr-ben-mentiplay-episode-445 2. Building on a BJSM podcast – and celebrating good news! #WomensFootball https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2020/10/22/building-on-a-bjsm-podcast-and-celebrating-good-news-womensfootball/ 3. Making football safer for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury prevention programmes in 11 773 female football (soccer) players https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/54/18/1089

In this podcast, you can hear from James Collins – a leading performance nutritionist and one of the leads on the recent UEFA expert group statement on nutrition in elite football. James has worked with a range of elite sporting organisations, and is also the founder of the Intra Performance Group. In this podcast, we cover: - how the statement came about, and where it fits into the existing literature - nutritional considerations for training and match-day - the importance of body composition - nutritional considerations in the rehabbing athlete - next steps For more, please check out the links below: UEFA expert group statement: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/11/08/bjsports-2019-101961 Importance of nutrition in football: the coach’s perspective https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/10/22/bjsports-2019-101972 The importance of nutrition in football: perspective of a national team’s doctor https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/10/22/bjsports-2020-103318 James’ twitter profile: https://twitter.com/JamesCollinsPN James’ company profile: https://www.intraperformancegroup.com/team Informed Sport https://www.informed-sport.com/

On this week’s podcast, Dr. Dusty Marie Narducci, MD speaks with Dr. Ben Krainin, MD on the AMSSM Sports Medcast about the use of bioinformatics and wearable technology in female athletes. In this conversation, Dr. Narducci focuses the following topics: · A general overview of bioinformatics, including the three main wearable technology product categories · Injury Prevention in Volleyball Players · Menstrual Tracking for Female Athletes · Fitness Trackers for the “General Consumer” This lecture features multiple key points and takeaways about bioinformatics and was originally scheduled to be presented during the 2020 AMSSM Annual Meeting.

Join us for a 15-minute chat with Prof Jon Drezner, the new Editor-in-Chief of the BJSM. We cover his journey to the job, his hopes for the future, and the role he sees the journal playing for the international sport and exercise medicine community over the coming years. In this, the last podcast of 2020, we discuss the challenges of 2020, and also pay tribute to the outgoing editor-in-chief, Professor Karim Khan, for his mentorship and for his incredible contribution to both the BJSM, and the wider Sport and Exercise Medicine community. For more, you can check out Jon's editorial in the latest edition of the BJSM https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/55/1/1

In this week’s podcast, we are joined by Dr Mahmood to discuss how we can support the mental health of elite cricketers. Dr Mahmood is a psychiatrist based in Birmingham, England, who recently authored a chapter about mental health emergencies in cricket in a new textbook, Case Studies in Sports Psychiatry. In this 15-minute podcast, Dr Mahmood explores mental health screening, the difference between sports psychologists and psychiatrists, and how cricket can learn from other sports to improve the wellbeing of all athletes.

Dr. Kirsty Elliott-Sale. Dr. Elliott-Sale is an Associate Professor of female physiology at Nottingham Trent University in Nottingham, England, where she is Head of the Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group. For over 20 years she has been focussed on elite women athletes and maternal populations, primarily in the areas of endocrinology and musculoskeletal and exercise physiology. In this episode, Dr. Erin Macri talks to Dr. Elliott-Sale about menstruation and oral contraception, and their effects on sports performance. This is an important listen for all men and women who work with women athletes of all levels. Twitter: @ElliottSale @Erin_Macri Resources and references Menstruation is not a taboo in women’s sport, period. https://theconversation.com/menstruation-is-not-a-taboo-in-womens-sport-period-92378 The BASES Expert Statement on Conducting and Implementing Female Athlete-Based Research https://www.bases.org.uk/imgs/0000_bas_tses___autumn_2020_online_pg6_7237.pdf McNulty, K.L., Elliott-Sale, K.J., Dolan, E. et al. The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Exercise Performance in Eumenorrheic Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 50, 1813–1827 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01319-3 Elliott-Sale, K.J., McNulty, K.L., Ansdell, P. et al. The Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Exercise Performance in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 50, 1785–1812 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01317-5 Martin, D., Sale, C., Cooper, S. B., & Elliott-Sale, K. J. (2018). Period Prevalence and Perceived Side Effects of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and the Menstrual Cycle in Elite Athletes, International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(7), 926-932. Retrieved Dec 2, 2020, from https://journals-humankinetics-com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/view/journals/ijspp/13/7/article-p926.xml

On this week's episode, we are joined by the WHO's Prof Fiona Bull and Dr Juana Willumsen to launch the new WHO 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. In this 20-minute podcast, Prof Bull and Dr Willumsen discuss the new global recommendations in depth, explain what has changed since the 2010 guidelines, and outline the next steps forward to creating more active people for a healthier world. Want to learn more? Check out the BJSM WHO Guidelines special issue (open access!) as well as the WHO website for all the resources.

On this week’s episode, we are joined by Prof Christa Janse van Rensburg to discuss the do’s and don’ts of mask wearing during exercise. Prof Janse van Rensburg is a Sport and Exercise Physician who is the Head of Department of the Section Sports Medicine at the University of Pretoria in South Africa.

As a three-time Major winner and the current European Ryder Cup team captain, Padraig Harrington is uniquely placed to consider the cultural changes in golf with respect to medicine and performance. During this two-part conversation with Dr Sean Carmody and Padraig's longtime fitness coach, Dr Liam Hennessey, Padraig provides an insight into his experiences of injury, what he believes contributes to injury, and how a willingness to innovate has helped him to continue playing at the highest level over so many years.

As a three-time Major winner and the current European Ryder Cup team captain, Padraig Harrington is uniquely placed to consider the cultural changes in golf with respect to medicine and performance. During this two-part conversation with Dr Sean Carmody and Padraig's longtime fitness coach, Dr Liam Hennessey, Padraig provides an insight into his experiences of injury, what he believes contributes to injury, and how a willingness to innovate has helped him to continue playing at the highest level over so many years.

Serenna Williams, Alysson Felix, Kerry Walsh Jennings, Lisa Leslie. Mothers and champions. In this AMSSM Sportsmedcast sports medicine specialist Dr. Rathna Nuti hosts Dr. Ellen Casey, @EllenCaseyMD, Associate Attending Physiatrist in the Department of Physiatry and the Women's Sports Medicine Center at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York. Dr Casey who works with US Gymnastics, is also an Associate Professor of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College. Dr. Casey addresses the following topics: •What are some things to consider when caring for a pregnant athlete? •Should a pregnant athlete be exercising or training? •What are some misconceptions surrounding a pregnant athlete and exercise? •What exercises are recommended? •What exercises are prohibited? •Is there any point in time that a pregnant athlete should stop exercising? If so, when can she safely resume? •Is there any medications or supplements that a pregnant athlete should be taking during her pregnancy? •Any special medical evaluations that should be assessed by either the OB/GYN or Sports Medicine physician besides to the overall care of the pregnancy? •What are some common barriers to exercise in pregnant athletes (lumbopelvic pain, fatigue) •What are some things to consider when returning to sports/exercise after delivery?What are some of the barriers to exercise in postpartum women? •What is diastasis rectus abdominis? Can anything be done about it? •What are some of the reasons postpartum women develop urinary incontinence during sports/exercise? Can anything be done about it? •What do we know about breast feeding and sports participation? References Mottola et al. Br J Sports Med 2019 PMID: 30337460 Prather et al. PMR 2012 PMID: 23174548 Bø et al. Br J Sports Med 2016 PMID: 28642221 Meah et al. BJSM 2020 PMID: 32513676

On this week’s podcast, Dr. Douglas Casa PhD, ATC and Dr. Francis O’Connor MD, MPH, FAMSSM join Dr. Seth Smith MD, PharmD on AMSSM’s Sports Medcast to discuss exertional heat illness with an emphasis on exertional heat stroke. In this conversation, Dr. Casa and Dr. O’Connor will address the following topics: · What is the basic paradigm for the prehospital care of exertional heat stroke (EHS)? · How to develop a thorough emergency action plan (EAP) for recognition and management of EHS? · What steps can be taken to help reduce the occurrence of EHS? · What future items may be used to help guide return to activity for patients who have suffered an EHS? Listen to an extended version of this conversation on the AMSSM podcast feed, beginning at the 17-minute mark: https://amssm.podbean.com/e/an-in-depth-discussion-on-exertional-heat-illness-with-dr-doug-casa-and-dr-fran-o-connor/

A dive into female athlete health with Dr Nicky Keay. Dr Keay is a Sports and Dance Endocrinologist and Honorary Fellow at the Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences at Durham University. Many of our listeners will know Nicky from some of her publications in BJSM relating to female athlete health, which we cover in two rich podcasts. For some of the resources mentioned, please see the links below, or check out the BJSM blog homepage, where they will be collated into an interactive blog. Links: BASEM website www.health4performance.co.uk (in houses the IOC consensus statements and other published studies in RED-S) BJSM blogs “Of Mice and Men” https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2019/11/21/of-mice-and-men-and-women/ and summary of IOC 2018 RED-S update https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2018/05/30/2018-update-relative-energy-deficiency-in-sport-red-s/ Dr Keay's website nickykeayfitness.com BJSM infographics on RED-S https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/53/20/1310 and cycling study https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000424 Course for coaches working with female athletes endorsed by BASEM https://sport-ready-academy.teachable.com/p/working-with-high-performing-female-athletes Blood tests for athletes/dancers (including female hormone profiling) in UK https://www.forthedge.co.uk/ Menstrual monitoring alongside training metrics used at Sottish Ballet as mentioned in podcast https://www.athletemonitoring.com/menstrual-cycle-tracker/

A dive into female athlete health with Dr Nicky Keay. Dr Keay is a Sports and Dance Endocrinologist and Honorary Fellow at the Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences at Durham University. Many of our listeners will know Nicky from some of her publications in BJSM relating to female athlete health, which we cover in two rich podcasts. For some of the resources mentioned, please see the links below, or check out the BJSM blog homepage, where they will be collated into an interactive blog. Links: BASEM website www.health4performance.co.uk (in houses the IOC consensus statements and other published studies in RED-S) BJSM blogs “Of Mice and Men” https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2019/11/21/of-mice-and-men-and-women/ and summary of IOC 2018 RED-S update https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2018/05/30/2018-update-relative-energy-deficiency-in-sport-red-s/ Dr Keay's website nickykeayfitness.com BJSM infographics on RED-S https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/53/20/1310 and cycling study https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000424 Course for coaches working with female athletes endorsed by BASEM https://sport-ready-academy.teachable.com/p/working-with-high-performing-female-athletes Blood tests for athletes/dancers (including female hormone profiling) in UK https://www.forthedge.co.uk/ Menstrual monitoring alongside training metrics used at Sottish Ballet as mentioned in podcast https://www.athletemonitoring.com/menstrual-cycle-tracker/

On this week’s episode, crowd favourite Dr Alex Hutchinson PhD returns to discuss the difference between effort and pain in the world of endurance. A former Canadian national team middle- and long-distance runner and Cambridge-trained physicist, Alex is an award winning author and columnist who writes for Outside magazine and The Toronto Globe and Mail. Want to learn more about the science of suffering? Follow @Sweat Science on Twitter and check out his book Endure: Mind, Body, and the Curiously Elastic Limits of Human Performance.

Dr. Harvi Hart is a postdoctoral researcher at Western University in London, Ontario, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Dr. Hart’s research focuses on identifying risk factors for knee osteoarthritis, both non-traumatic and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Through better understanding these risk factors, Dr. Hart aims to develop new treatment approaches for managing knee OA. In this episode, Dr. Erin Macri asks Dr. Hart about her most recent studies looking at cadence and its possible role in joint loading and knee osteoarthritis. Twitter: @HarviHart @Erin_Macri Resources and references Hart HF, Birmingham TB, Primeau CA, et al. Associations between cadence and knee loading in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020. Published online first doi:10.1002/acr.24400 Hart HF, Gross KD, Crossley KM, et al. Is step rate associated with worsening of patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis in women and men? The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019. Published online first doi: 10.1002/acr.23864 Lenhart RL, Thelen DG, Wille CM, Chumanov ES, Heiderscheit BC. Increasing running step rate reduces patellofemoral joint forces. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46: 557-564. Willy RW, Meardon SA, Schmidt A, Blaylock NR, Hadding SA, Willson JD. Changes in tibiofemoral contact forces during running in response to in-field gait retraining. J Sports Sci 2016; 34: 1602-1611. Bramah C, Preece SJ, Gill N, Herrington L. A 10% increase in step rate improves running kinematics and clinical outcomes in runners with patellofemoral pain at 4 weeks and 3 months. Am J Sports Med 2019 7:3406-3413.

As long haul domestic & international travel for athletic competition slowly begins to resume post the restrictive COVID period, it will be more imperative than ever to keep these athletes healthy. This travel places significant risks of infection transmission and an aeroplane has unique challenges to overcome. BJSM's Liam West poses the questions to Prof. Wayne Derman who gives golden practical tips on how to commute safely. This podcast was recorded in March - since then the learning curve has been steep and behaviour regarding travel of both athletes and non-athletes changed substantially. Face masks are mandatory on flights, deep cleans of the aircraft pre-flight are routine replacing the need to clean your own tray table. Head over to the fantastic resource from the World Health Organisation (WHO) - https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/air-travel-advice

Why are females more at risk of ACL injuries in football? What can we do to reduce the risk for our athletes? On this week’s episode, we are joined by Brooke Patterson and Dr Ben Mentiplay to discuss their latest review of injury prevention programmes reducing the risk of injury in women’s football. Brooke (T: @Knee_Howells) is a physiotherapist who is currently completing her PhD at the La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, investigating the impact of ACL injuries on the lives of young adults. Brooke played several seasons in the Australian Football League national women’s competition (WAFL), and has recently transitioned to becoming a coach. Dr Mentiplay (@MentiplayB) has a background in sport and exercise science and completed his PhD in 2017. Ben is currently a lecturer and research Fellow at La Trobe, with a strong interest in biomechanics.

On this week’s episode, we are joined by Dr Mary O’Keeffe (T: @MaryOKeeffe007) to discuss how clinicians can better manage patients with low back pain. Mary is a physiotherapist and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow. Mary was awarded her PhD in 2017, in which she examined multidimensional rehabilitation for the individual with chronic back pain. Mary’s research now focuses on changing clinicians’ behaviour, improving diagnostic labels of low back pain, and communicating healthcare messages in the media. In this 20-min podcast, Mary explores clinicians’ common misconceptions about low back pain and how we can better address psychosocial aspects of care.

On this week’s episode, we are joined by A/Prof Daniel Belavy (T: @BelavySpine) from the Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition at Deakin University in Melbourne. A/Prof Belavy is a back pain and spine researcher, and Leader of the Spine Research Group at Deakin. In this 17-min podcast, A/Prof Belavy discusses: • the most effective exercises to improve pain, physical function and mental in adults with non-specific chronic low back pain • how running and cycling affect spine health • how sitting and sedentary behaviour affect spine health

Dr. Mark Matthews (@Mark_MatthewsNZ) is a Lecturer at Ulster University in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Prof. Bill Vicenzino (@Bill_Vicenzino) is Chair in Sports Physiotherapy and Director of Sports Injuries Rehabilitation and Prevention for Health (SIRPH) research unit at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. In this episode, Dr. Erin Macri (@Erin_Macri) asks these clinician-researchers about their recent trial comparing foot orthoses to hip exercises, and how their results change what we think we know about managing patellofemoral pain. Part 1 – The FOHX trial for patellofemoral pain: webinar https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:cc0ee60 Part 2 – Patellofemoral pain panel discussion https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:c813701

What is COVID myocarditis and how strong is the data to create a link between COVID and potential arrhythmias? Was COVID myocarditis the leading factor in the recent decisions of some American athletic conferences to shut-down the fall sports season? What are the criteria to start participation again? On this episode of the AMSSM Sports Medcast (T: @TheAMSSM) host Dr. Devin McFadden, MD is joined by sports medicine physicians and internationally renowned experts on Sports Cardiology Dr. Jonathan Drezner and Dr. Michael Ackerman, who have both been influential in the debate on whether a Collegiate Athletic season can safely occur in the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic. Dr. Jonathan Drezner is a Professor from the Department of Family Medicine and Director of the University of Washington Center for Sports Cardiology, past president of the AMSSM, team physician for the Seattle Seahawks, UW Huskies, and OL Reign and deputy editor of the BJSM. Dr. Michael Ackerman is a Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science. He is the Director of the Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, as well as the president of the Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndromes (SADS) Foundation. In this 40 minute conversation Drs. Drezner and Ackerman addressed the following topics: What is COVID myocarditis and why is it so concerning? How strong is the link between COVID-19 and was this a driving factor in the cancelling of the FALL sports season by some collegiate conferences? What metrics need to be satisfied in order to safely return to play, and will that occur this year. Health and Well Being Considerations for PAC-12 Institutions: Guidance for Local Planning for Return to Sporting Activity https://xs.pac-12.com/2020-08/Pac-12%20Covid-19%20Return%20to%20Play%20Considerations%2008.10.2020.pdf Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Weiters I. Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2768916 Baggish A, Drezner JA, Kim J, et al. Resurgence of sport in the wake of COVID-19: cardiac considerations in competitive athletes https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/06/18/bjsports-2020-102516 Maron BJ, Zipes DP, Kovacs RJ, et al. Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. Copublished in Circulation and the Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2015. https://www.acc.org/~/media/fb92803045d249ae91b715650dd0ebe4.pdf Pelliccia A, Solberg EE, Papadakis M, et al. Recommendations for participation in competitive and leisure time sport in athletes with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and pericarditis: position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). European Heart Journal 2019;40:19. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/40/1/19/5248228

There has been a huge shift in golfers over the last 10 to 15 years with many more golfers at the top of the game such as Tiger Woods, Rory Mcllroy and Brooks Koepka focusing on Strength and Conditioning (S&C) to improve performance. COVID-19 has stopped many sporting events and has provided some a unique opportunity to focus on S&C. Bryson DeChambeau took full advantage of this putting on large amounts of muscle and is the latest golfer to demonstrate the benefits of S&C in golf performance. In this podcast Dan Coughlan explains to Will Wynter Bee the shift in S&C in golf and how the different S&C programmes used by tour players can improve performance while minimising injury risk. He also discusses the S&C set up on the European tour. Additional information. https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/53/1/13.full.pdf?casa_token=SP73J6k2B4AAAAAA:EmiTi99T9da2ALJWIbVB350UmxsyeNLtkCz43HLNyVAGaDqzP9F1bJZC6_ReinWhYHzI8TLCTvA https://shapeamerica.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02640414.2018.1559972#.Xw8soZNKhTY https://sportperfsci.com/strength-and-conditioning-in-golf-probability-of-performance-impact/ Dan’s Twitter and Instagram accounts https://twitter.com/etpi?lang=en https://www.instagram.com/etpi_performanceunit/

Are injury recurrences due to a return to sport prior to adequate biological healing? Can we accurately measure stages healing with imaging or blood tests? Professor Erik Witvrouw discusses the importance of respecting biological healing in sports musculoskeletal injuries with BJSM’s Liam West.