Azeem Azhar's Exponential View

Cities drive prosperity. But during the Covid-19 pandemic, they also have become crucibles of disease. Sameh Wahba, the World Bank’s Global Director of Urban, Disaster Risk Management, Resilience, and Land, joins Azeem Azhar to discuss how the World Bank partners with technologists to help cities on the frontline of the pandemic, and how the dynamism of urban density can be harnessed to build livable and inclusive cities of the future. They also address: Why the inexorable trend towards urbanization will not be stopped by Covid-19. Why more densely populated cities are not necessarily the worst affected. How satellite imagery, 3D maps, and AI are helping cities manage transmission hotspots. Further reading: “Now Is the Time to Embrace Density” (New York Times, 2020) “Cities are on the front lines of COVID-19” (World Bank Blog, 2020) “Competitive Cities for Jobs and Growth: What, Who and How” (Global Urban Lecture, 2017) @SamehNWahba @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Note: We updated one sentence in this interview for clarity. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

After ImageNet transformed AI vision, superstar Stanford computer science professor Fei-Fei Li has turned her attention to advancing healthcare. Fei-Fei Li, co-director of Stanford’s Human-Centered AI Institute, is leading the next generation of interdisciplinary technologists. She joins Azeem Azhar to explore her journey from pioneering AI vision to her current focus on healthcare, and to discuss the need to craft AI systems that enhance human flourishing. They also discuss: How AI technologies could support the isolated and elderly during the pandemic. Why machine values must mirror human values, and how to embed that connection. What allowed Li’s — and the industry’s — early naivete to the dangers of facial recognition. Why Li’s health technologists must work with doctors and patients, not just medical data. Further reading: “Fei-Fei Li’s Quest to Make AI Better for Humanity” (Wired, 2018) “AI Pioneer Fei-Fei Li on Building Benevolent Machines” (Wall Street Journal, 2019) “AI, Accountability, and Power” (Exponential View podcast with Meredith Whitaker, 2019) @drfeifei @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Nasdaq has evolved from being the world’s first digital marketplace to a global technology company. CEO Adena Friedman joins Azeem Azhar to discuss how their digital operation has become the model for markets around the world, the surprising importance of regulation as a driver of innovation, and how Nasdaq prepared to keep functioning during the pandemic lockdown. They also discuss: The infrastructure that allows Nasdaq to reliably maintain data rates thousands of times faster than the internet and traffic volumes many times higher than Google searches. How smart regulation played a vital role in the evolution of Nasdaq’s resilience. Why the Nordic states exemplify a healthy balance between government and business. Further reading: “What’s the Future of Capitalism?” (TED Talk, 2019) “Interview with Adena Friedman on COVID-19” (The Economic Club of Washington DC, 2020) “Technology Companies and the New Recession” (Exponential View podcast, 2020) @adenatfriedman @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Global supply chains are efficient, but fragile. How can we make them more robust, flexible, and sustainable? Pamela Mar, EVP for Knowledge and Applications at the Fung Group, joins Azeem Azhar to explore the technological and economic changes needed to improve these vital networks of production and distribution. They discuss: The lessons about mass production and specialization we’re learning with the Covid-19 crisis. How digitization can build trust along the supply chain. Why automation is an opportunity to move from mass production to mass customization. Further reading: “Reinventing Fashion” (Chatham House Panel Discussion, 2018) “Meet the Eco-Business A-Listers: Pamela Mar” (Eco-Business, 2020) “The State of Fashion – Coronavirus Update” (McKinsey and Business of Fashion, 2020) @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

For the first time in history, there are more people on the planet over 65 years old, than under five. How do we adapt to this demographic transformation? Camilla Cavendish, award-winning journalist and former Director of Public Policy for UK Prime Minister David Cameron, joins Azeem Azhar to explore the immense cost and new potential of this brave old world. They discuss: The huge wealth gap opening up between older and younger people. What we can learn from the Okinawan concept of “ikigai” or “life purpose”. Why meaningful relationships are the single most important factor in long-term wellbeing. Further reading: “The New Science of Aging” (Exponential View podcast, 2020) “Extra Time: 10 Lessons for An Ageing World Camilla Cavendish” (2019) “We are prioritising the old and will have to make it up to the young” (Financial Times, 2020) “The Three Cleavages” (Azeem Azhar, 2020) @CamCavendish @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We have long assumed aging is inevitable, but is it? Professor David Sinclair, founder of the Sinclair Lab at Harvard’s Medical School and author of the bestselling “Lifespan: Why We Age — and Why We Don’t Have To,” joins Azeem Azhar to discuss emerging research that promises to radically slow down aging. Their conversation covers: What the Information Theory of Aging is and how it shifts the paradigm on biomarkers of aging. Why periodically stressing your body can promote health and longevity. Which supplements might arrest the three biochemical pathways implicated in aging. Further reading: “Why We Age and Why We Don’t Have To” (Talks at Google, 2019) “This is why we need to start treating ageing as a disease” (Wired, 2018) “Has Harvard’s David Sinclair Found the Fountain of Youth?” (Boston Magazine, 2017) @davidasinclair @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In Estonia, the only public service not available online is marriage. Dubbed the “digital republic”, Estonia has the most advanced e-government in the world and nurtures a vibrant start-up community. Kersti Kaljulaid, President of Estonia, joins Azeem Azhar to explore how legal and technological innovations have helped to build e-Estonia, and how this digital republic is navigating the Covid-19 pandemic. They explore: How Covid-19 could accelerate technology development and implementation. How Estonia has achieved astonishing transparency and privacy in digital government. How Estonia combats constant cyber threats. Further reading: “Estonia, the Digital Republic” (New Yorker, 2017) “Why Estonia Was Poised to Handle How a Pandemic Would Change Everything” (New Yorker, 2020) “Can AI Be a Fair Judge in Court? Estonia Thinks So” (Wired, 2019) The Official Website for E-Estonia @KerstiKaljulaid @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Clean energy is now cheaper than coal, and its uptake is accelerating. But can we get to zero emissions in time? Investor and technologist Ramez Naam joins Azeem Azhar to discuss how technological innovation and economies of scale are accelerating us towards a zero-carbon future, as well as the major challenges that remain. They also cover: The virtuous cycle that drove the falling price of clean energy. How the Covid-19 pandemic could be an opportunity for massive government investment in clean energy infrastructure. Three strategies to overcome the renewable energy storage problem. Why industrial production of steel, concrete, and plastics remains the biggest challenge. Further reading: “The Third Phase of Clean Energy Will Be the Most Disruptive Yet” (Rameez Naam, 2019) “Solar Power Is Sustainable for the Economy, Too” (Wired, 2020) “How Germany helped make renewable energy cheap for the rest of the world” (Vox, 2020) “How industry can move toward a low-carbon future” (McKinsey, 2018) @ramez @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

X, Alphabet Inc.’s “moonshot factory,” dares to solve big problems with breakthrough technologies. Most of their projects fail. But some — like self-driving cars and the AI that powers Google — are already changing the world. CEO Astro Teller joins Azeem Azhar to explain how he built a culture of radical creativity, where employees are encouraged to dream — and to fail — big. In this episode they explore: Why allowing the right amount of chaos is vital for flourishing creativity. The five basic principles at the heart of X. Why innovation dies if only success is rewarded. What inspiration Astro takes from Willy Wonka. Further reading: “Inside X, Google’s top-secret moonshot factory” (Wired, 2020) “Astro Teller on How to Handle Failure” (Wired, 2019) “Astro Teller, ‘Captain of Moonshots’ at Alphabet’s X, Is on a Roll” (WSJ, 2018) @astroteller @Theteamatx @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Biotech is gathering pace: AI systems are simulating novel materials, new genomic technologies are enabling precision bioengineering, and automation is executing production on a massive scale. Softbank Vision Fund Senior Managing Partner, Deep Nishar tells Azeem Azhar why biotech is the next trillion-dollar market, and what breakthroughs to expect. In this episode they also discuss: Why emerging biotech and AI, together, would help control and stop coronavirus-like outbreaks in the future. What new materials and medicines are coming out of the “virtuous cycle” of research and funding that is now taking off. What the rest of the world should learn from China’s vigorous development of AI technologies. Further reading: “As Zymergen Buys EnEvolv, Biological Manufacturing Is Ready To Transform How Industry Makes Everything From Airplanes To Air Jordans” (Forbes, 2020) “AI just found a new type of antibiotics” (Vox, 2020) @deepnishar @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The world is facing an economic crisis never seen before, says equity analyst Pierre Ferragu. Consumer demand remains strong and supply infrastructure is still healthy, but both are in lockdown and unable to function. In this wide-ranging conversation with Azeem Azhar, Ferragu explains how the pandemic will affect the technology industry and its major players. They also discuss: How “partial insuring” and “China + n” strategies could make for more resilient supply chains. How the crisis is accelerating the next generation of technologies. The winners and the losers of the pandemic. Further reading: “Tesla has yet another biggest bull on Wall Street. Here’s why he thinks the stock could surge 57%. (TSLA)” (Markets Insider, 2020) “Tech Sectors and Stocks to Avoid in a Recession” (The Street, 2020) @p_ferragu @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The exponential growth of COVID-19 is threatening to bring down the world economy. To understand the pandemic, Azeem Azhar chats with professor Yaneer Bar-Yam, President of the New England Complex Systems Institute, who worked on the response to Ebola with pioneering complex-systems mathematics. In this conversation, they discuss: Why we need to crush, rather than flatten, the curve. What lessons the Ebola outbreak offers us for dealing with COVID-19. What complexity mathematics offers beyond traditional epidemiological modelling. Further reading: “A Better Way: Building Capacity, Adaptation and Resilience” (Exponential View, 2020) End Coronavirus: Map, Guidelines, Community (2020) “Coronavirus: The Hammer and the Dance” (Tomas Pueyo, 2020) “Transition to Extinction: Pandemics in a Connected World” (Yaneer Bar-Yam, 2016) @yaneerbaryam @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Note: a previous version of this episode included an excerpted conversation with Dr. Adam Kucharski, author of “The Rules of Contagion: How Things Spread – and Why They Stop.” That excerpt has now been removed, and the full conversation with Dr. Kucharski can be found here: https://www.exponentialview.co/p/-modeling-the-pandemic. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Data monopolies and abuses of privacy are only some of the flaws of Web 2.0. Muneeb Ali, co-founder and CEO of Blockstack, tells Azeem Azhar how the emerging Web 3.0 solves these challenges and gives users more control over their digital existence. In this conversation, they discuss: Why property rights and privacy are intimately linked. The emergence of a novel app ecosystem on the new internet. The role of the new crypto economy in the transformation of the internet. Further reading: “Tech Thinks It Has a Fix for the Problem it Created: Blockchain” (The New York Times, 2018) “The Emergence of Web 3.0” (Hackernoon, 2019) “Can’t Be Evil vs. Don’t Be Evil” (Exponential View newsletter, 2020) “Beyond Digital Gold” (Exponential View newsletter, 2020) @muneeb @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Existing social institutions are not adequate to meet the challenges of the exponential age. Social entrepreneur and author, Hilary Cottam, proposes a radical overhaul of the welfare system. In discussion with Azeem Azhar, she also argues that we must reject the old economic model for humanity, Homo econonomicus (guided by ration to maximize economic gains), and embrace Sapiens integra, a new theoretical human with stronger connections to nature and other humans. In this conversation, they discuss: The New Industrialists and their role in the social revolution. How a switch from the mindset of efficiency to the mindset of care can transform our institutions. The role of new technologies in this transformation. Further reading: “Radical Help” (Hilary Cottam, 2019) “Revolution 5.0: A Social Manifesto” (Hilary Cottam, 2019) “The Future of Public Service and Governance” (Exponential View podcast, 2018) @HilaryCottam @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

“People judge humans by their intentions, and machines by the outcome,” says physicist and author Cesar Hidalgo. He is one of the creators of the field of Complexity Economics. Hidalgo joins Azeem Azhar to explain how he applies this complexity approach to understanding how we judge decision-making in machines. They also discuss: What the Shenzhen electronics market reveals about the economics of megacities. How we unconsciously ascribe morality to machines, and what this implies for innovation. Algorithmic aversion and how it will influence the implementation of AI. Further reading: “A Bold Idea to Replace Politicians” (TED, 2018) “The Autonomous Economy” (Exponential View podcast, 2019) @cesifoti @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Airtable, valued at $1.1 billion, is carving out a new product category that could compete with cloud computing in value. The founder of Airtable, Howie Liu, joins Azeem Azhar to discuss what creating a new market category looks like in practice. They also discuss: How Airtable is democratizing software development. Why investors were initially skeptical, and how Howie got them on board. How Airtable treats its competition, including the tech giants. Further reading: “Move Slow and Make Things: Airtable’s Howie Liu Built A $1B Software Giant Emphasizing Substance Over Speed” (Forbes, 2018) “No-one understood our idea, but now it’s worth over $1bn“ ” (BBC, Nov. 4, 2019) “100 People Transforming Business“ ” (Business Insider, 2019) @howietl @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Some would argue that the world is more volatile today than it was during the Cold War, and technology is catalyzing a number of fundamental changes to the world order. Geopolitical expert Ian Bremmer joins Azeem Azhar to dissect the top risks for the decade ahead. They also discuss: How technology is influencing global decoupling. How the China-U.S. relationship will shape the world in the next decade. How we should think about global challenges in a multipolar world. Further reading: “Top Risks for 2020” (Eurasia Group, Jan. 6, 2020) “Preparing for 2030” (Exponential View, Jan. 5, 2020) “Predictions for 2030” (Talking Politics, January 2020) @ianbremmer @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Crisis management is not only about cleaning up after a disaster, but also about establishing a healthy company culture. Judy Smith, renowned crisis management expert, joins Azeem Azhar to explore why large tech companies seem to stumble into crises as they mature, and what every founder can do to avoid catastrophic reputation damage. They also discuss: Why corporate culture is the most important element of good reputation management. How to navigate a crisis while focusing on growth. How to communicate controversial issues to different stakeholders. Further reading: “Managing High-Stakes Situations: 5 Lessons from the Pentagon” (HBR, July, 2019) “‘Scandal’ Finale: Judy Smith, the Inspiration for Olivia Pope” (NPR, April, 2018) @JudySmith_ @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Microsoft’s president, Brad Smith, argues for multilateral cooperation across borders and sectors in order to advance the regulatory framework for technology companies. In this conversation, he joins Azeem Azhar to discuss: Why regulation is necessary to advance innovation. How to maintain greater purpose at a company’s core while scaling. Why employees organizing is a positive force in every company. The case against the facial recognition ban. Further reading: “Tools and Weapons: The Promise and Peril of the Digital Age” (Brad Smith, 2019) “The Real Reason Tech Companies Want Regulation” (Exponential View newsletter, Jan. 26, 2020) “Thinking About Innovation” (Exponential View newsletter, Dec. 28, 2019) “Tech Firms Need More Regulation” (The Atlantic, Sept. 9, 2019) @bradsmi @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Artificial decision-making machines have been with us for hundreds of years. We call them corporations and states, and they have hugely accelerated the development of our societies. That’s the argument David Runciman makes in conversation with Azeem Azhar in this week’s episode. Runciman is professor of politics at Cambridge University and host of the “Talking Politics” podcast. He and Azeem discuss what this reframing of artificial intelligence can teach us about navigating the hurdles it presents. In this podcast, they also discuss: How the current dynamics between private enterprises and states will shape the future of technology. Why the creators of artificial intelligence should account for politics when creating and implementing their technology. How generational politics will shape the 2020 U.S. elections. Further reading: “Preparing for 2030” (Exponential View, Jan. 5, 2020) “How Democracy Ends review — is people politics doomed?” (The Guardian, May 20, 2018) “Tony Blair: Governing in the Age of AI” (Exponential View podcast, Oct. 2, 2019) @TPpodcast @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Seedcamp has backed close to 400 European startups at the seed stage. The fund’s co-founder and managing partner Reshma Sohoni joins Azeem Azhar to discuss what it takes to build a thriving startup ecosystem outside Silicon Valley, and how some of Europe’s most successful startups were created. In this episode, they also discuss: The “next big thing” from an investor’s perspective. How regulators use “sandboxes” to help entrepreneurs innovate. How the cultural diversity of Europe benefits both investors and founders. Further reading: “2020 Vision: predictions from 28 big-hitters in Europe’s startup scene” (Sifted, Dec. 16, 2019) “Why Silicon Valley Investors Are Bonkers For European Startups” (Forbes, Dec. 2, 2019) @rsohoni @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Nanotechnology has long been hailed as a means of eradicating diseases and delivering other healthcare solutions. University of Oxford professor Sonia Contera, a nanotechnology pioneer, joins Azeem Azhar to discuss how scientific and technological developments in her field are bringing about another tech revolution that will change our lives. In this podcast, they also discuss: Which nanotechnology applications are already available in healthcare and materials engineering. How machine learning and AI are crucial in the new era of nanotechnology. How advances in biological physics are reshaping our understanding of life. Further reading: “Structurally designed DNA star creates ultra-sensitive test for dengue virus” (Phys.org, Nov. 25, 2019) “The ‘blob’: zoo showcases slime mold with 720 sexes that can heal itself in minutes” (The Guardian, Oct. 16, 2019) “Nano Comes to Life with Prof Sonia Contera” (Oxford Martin School, Dec. 4, 2019) @soniacontera @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

AI is reshaping the landscape of cyber defense. As new security fissures open up, threat analysts deploy more powerful tools to prevent and respond to attacks. Nicole Eagan, CEO of Darktrace, joins Azeem Azhar to discuss the escalating arms race in this new cybersecurity landscape. In this podcast, they also discuss: What security experts can learn from the human immune system response. Why trust in automated decision-making technology is a crucial step in implementing AI-first security systems. How a parked Tesla in your company parking lot can be a security flaw for the entire organization. Further reading: “Louisiana Was Hit by Ryuk, Triggering Another Cyber Emergency” (ArsTechnica, Nov. 21, 2019) “AI is the Latest Weapon Cybercriminals are Exploiting” (World Economic Forum, Sept. 25, 2019) “Advancing AI in Health Care: It’s All About Trust” (STAT, Oct. 23, 2019) @darktrace @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

For the first time in history, we have to tackle a truly global problem: climate breakdown. Energy transition away from fossil fuels is imperative, but there is no consensus on how to achieve this. The preeminent expert on energy history and development, Vaclav Smil, joins Azeem Azhar to explore the limits of renewables, the consequences of megacities, and why waste reduction is a game-changer. In this podcast, they also discuss: Whether the massive amounts of information we gather today has purpose. What possibilities Moore’s Law predicts for biology and chemistry. The limits of nuclear power. Further reading: “What I See When I See a Wind Turbine” (IEEE Spectrum, Vaclav Smil, March 2, 2016) “Thank Maxwell for Cellphones” (IEEE Spectrum, Vaclav Smil, Feb. 28, 2017) Inside Bill’s Brain (Netflix, 2019) @azeem @exponentialview VaclavSmil.com Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In November 2018 mass protests by Google workers drew attention to deep problems with bias and discrimination at some of the largest Silicon Valley companies. Meredith Whittaker, co-director of the AI Now Institute and one of the organizers of the Google Walkout, joins Azeem Azhar to discuss how technology workers can influence progress in culture and technology. In this podcast, they also discuss: How discriminatory culture influences the values embedded in AI. Whether ethics officers can actually influence firms and their products. Why responsible AI design must include recognition of the shadow workforce helping to create it. Further reading: “Discriminating Systems: Gender, Race, and Power in AI” (AI Now Institute, April 2019) “Exposing the Bias Embedded in Tech” (The New York Times, June 17, 2019) “’People Fix Things, Tech Doesn’t Fix Things’” (Tech Crunch, October 21, 2019) @mer__edith @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The nature of work is undergoing tremendous changes, influenced by aging populations, the digital revolution, and a paradigm shift away from Fordism. Laetitia Vitaud, author of “Du Labeur à l’ouvrage (From Labour to Work),” and Azeem Azhar discuss how the reinvention of craftsmanship is creating a new deal to ensure more equitable, sustainable, and fulfilling jobs. In this podcast, they also discuss: How Silicon Valley is bringing back the values of craftsmanship. What the single most important skill in the new world of work is. Why the jobs of tomorrow will largely be in proximity services. Further reading: “The future of work is in proximity services… But first we need to speak about work and gender” (Medium, Laetitia Vitaud, Oct. 24, 2019) “The Future of Work and Democracy in the Information Age” (Exponential View episode featuring Matthew Taylor, Nov. 7, 2018) “Bubbles, Golden Ages, and Tech Revolutions” (Exponential View episode featuring Carlota Perez, Oct. 16, 2019) @vitolae @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The late 1960s saw a revolution in public policy, as economists began to play an important role in shaping politics. On the wings of ideas popularized by Milton Friedman and other economists, the world was forever changed by free markets, dominant corporations, and stakeholder capitalism. Azeem Azhar discusses this with New York Times editorial writer and author Binyamin Appelbaum, whose recent book, “The Economists’ Hour,” is a deep dive into the history of ideas that formed capitalism, as we know it. In this podcast, they also discuss: Why supply-side economists were able to drive home their ideologies with such success. Why the theories that formed the foundation of free-market economic policies have failed in practice. What kinds of solutions economists can offer during this period of explosive technological change. Further reading: “Blame Economists for the Mess We’re In” (The New York Times, Binyamin Appelbaum, Aug. 24, 2019) “Milton Friedman Was Wrong” (The Atlantic, Eric Posner, Aug. 22, 2019) “The Economists’ Hour: False Prophets, Free Markets, and the Fracture of Society, Review” (Binyamin Appelbaum) @BCAppelbaum @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Gary Marcus is well known as a deep learning critic. A neuroscientist, entrepreneur, and the author of “Rebooting AI: Building Artificial Intelligence We Can Trust,” Marcus believes that researchers need to move past deep learning in order to make true advances in machine intelligence. Marcus and Azeem Azhar discuss why, how, and when we can expect progress. In this podcast, they also discuss: What newborn ibexes can teach us about intelligence and learning. How deep learning widens the gap between big companies and startups. What we need for a breakthrough in AI. Further reading: “How to Build Artificial Intelligence We Can Trust” (The New York Times, Gary Marcus and Ernest Davis, Sep. 6, 2019) “Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal” (Cornell University, Gary Marcus, Jan. 2, 2018) @garymarcus @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In our rapidly changing world, peace is increasingly fragile. The only way to ensure we keep it and foster it around the world is to educate citizens to become its resilient stewards. General Sir Richard Barrons is the former Commander of the UK’s Joint Forces Command, and he joins Azeem Azhar to discuss why the definition of warfare is changing with the development of technology and why our society’s resilience in the face of threats to peace must be founded on education. In this episode, they also discuss: What societal resilience is, and how it can ensure our survival. What better leadership looks like in the exponential age. The common denominator between conflict and quinoa. Further reading: “How to Stay Informed on the Future of War” (Quartz, Tim Fernholz) “The Future of War is Already Here” (New York Times, P. W. Singer, Sep. 18, 2019) @azeem @exponentialview Exponential View newsletter Wychwood Partners Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

How do we exploit the technological revolution for green growth and global development? Celebrated economist, author, and scholar, Carlota Perez joins Azeem Azhar to discuss the nature of techno-economic paradigm shifts and current progress in the cycle of technological revolution. Perez is the author of one of the most influential books on the subject, “Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital.” In this podcast, Carlota and Azeem also discuss: The new welfare state. How universal basic income could increase innovation. If we’re on the verge of a new Golden Age. Further reading: “Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital: The Dynamics of Bubbles and Golden Ages” (Carlota Perez, 2002) “A Smart Green ‘European Way of Life’: the Path for Growth, Jobs and Wellbeing” (Beyond The Technological Revolution, Carlota Perez and Tamsin Murray-Leach, March, 2018) “The Two Innovation Economies: Follower and Frontier” (Bill Janeway, Sept. 9, 2013) @carlotaprzperez @azeem @exponentialview www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Artificial General Intelligence won’t be with us for at least another 100 years, but former Baidu chief scientist and Google Brain cofounder Andrew Ng argues that AI will radically alter most industries within the coming decades. Ng joins Azeem Azhar to discuss the progress of AI and how it’s altering businesses and the future of work. They also discuss: How billionaires decide to invest in overly ambitious and unrealistic ideas. What makes a company an AI-first business. Why you shouldn’t start with strategy first when implementing AI into your business. Further reading: “How to Choose Your First AI Project” (HBR, February 2019) “AI Guru Andrew Ng on the Job Market of Tomorrow” (Wall Street Journal, October 2018) @andrewyng @azeem @exponentialview www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

If the UK’s former Prime Minister, Tony Blair, was in the government today, he says that he would mobilize his whole office around the technology revolution. Tony Blair and Azeem Azhar discuss why the tech leaders must collaborate with policy makers — whether they want to or not — and why regulating big technology is only a small part of the solution. In this podcast, Tony and Azeem also discuss: Why Silicon Valley needs to share societal responsibility with the public sector How the government needs to change to be at the forefront of the technology revolution How the power of the technology industry has become its greatest liability Further reading: “Tony Blair Foreword: Technology for the Many” (Institute for Global Change, November 2017) “Regulating Big Tech” (Exponential View, September 2019) “Majority Worldwide Say Their Society is Broken — An Increasing Feeling Among Britons” (IPSOS, September 2019) @InstituteGC @azeem @exponentialview www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In the new season of the Exponential View podcast, Azeem Azhar speaks to an eclectic group of leaders in technology, business, politics, economics, and science to help us break through the complexity of our world and understand how it’s changing. The world’s top AI researchers discuss what the technology is really capable of, a 4-star general shares his concerns about the future of war in the AI age, and a leading economist untangles what economics has got wrong about the tech revolution. Azeem digs into nano-tech, the future of work, and the nature of complexity. Coming on October 2, 2019! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Engineering biology holds the key to improving the lives of people across the world. It promises solutions to disease, food production, and pollution amongst other deep-seated problems. But this engineering is immensely difficult. CEO of LabGenius James Field, partner at NFX Gigi Levy-Weiss, partner at the investment firm Episode 1 Carina Namih, and science writer Oliver Morton come together to discuss the merging field of bioengineering. Carina, James, Gigi, and Oliver also discuss: How machine learning is improving life sciences and healthcare. Experiences of fundraising and hiring for biology companies in the UK and the U.S. The role of bio-engineering in solving major global problems, including pollution. Further reading: “35+ Companies Using Synthetic Biology To Rethink Everything From Plastics To Fabrics To Fertilizers” (CB Insights, Nov. 8, 2018) “Where Are All the Biotech Startups Raising?” (Tech Crunch, 2019) “The New Era of Life” (CognitionX, June 24, 2019) Carina Namih @CarinaNamih Oliver Morton @Eaterofsun James Field @jejfield Gigi Levy-Weiss @GigiLevy www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Artificial intelligence is a powerful technology with capabilities that are open to use by state and non-state actors. In this conversation Azeem Azhar, De Kai, and Joanna Bryson discuss how governance should adapt as our institutions are challenged by unintended consequences of the technology and its creators. Joanna, De Kai, and Azeem also discuss: Why rule-based systems fall short of protecting us against the unintended consequences of technology. The value of cross-cultural dialogue in establishing common values to guide the governance of AI globally. The role of the leading technology companies in regulating the industry. Further reading: “Designing Responsible AI” (The Exponential View podcast, April 10, 2019) “Google Needs to be Treated Like A World Power” (Business Insider, June 12, 2019) “Translation: Chinese Expert Group Offers ‘Governance Principles’ for ‘Responsible AI’” (New America, June 2019) “Governance and Accountability in an AI World” (CognitionX, June 12, 2019) Joanna Bryson @j2bryson De Kai Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

“At a fundamental level, insurance is a social good. It’s about a community of people pooling their resources to help the weakest members in their hour of need. That should be the most loved industry, but it’s 180 degrees away from that,” says Daniel Schreiber, the cofounder and CEO of the InsureTech startup Lemonade, in conversation with Azeem Azhar. Daniel and Azeem also discuss: How insurance is a business of probability theory, which is why the sector as a whole will only get more susceptible to transformations through AI, big data, and machine learning. Why the corporate cultures of legacy insurance firms are well-adapted for preservation, but ill-adapted for business transformation, innovation, and the transition from a policy-centric to customer-centric business model. Integrating AI into behind-the-scenes processes, including regulation, feature development, and production. Further reading: “First, Fire All The Brokers: How Lemonade, A Millennial-Loved Fintech Unicorn, Is Disrupting The Insurance Business” (Forbes, May 2, 2019) “Insurers in UK and US lagging behind in divesting from coal” (The Guardian, Dec. 3, 2018) “Why Lemonade Won’t Invest In Coal” (Lemonade, Sept. 11, 2018) “How A.I. Is Transforming the Insurance Industry” (Bloomberg, April 9, 2018) Daniel Schreiber @daschreiber Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In 2015, computer scientist and AI pioneer, Stuart Russell, became the first signatory of an open letter calling on researchers to ensure “that increasingly capable AI systems are robust and beneficial.” Stuart joins Azeem Azhar to discuss the possible AI futures and how to ensure technology serves the good of humanity. Stuart and Azeem also discuss: The nature of intelligence and re-creating intelligence in machines Algorithmic fairness and regulating AI Embodied intelligence Using AI to reach the UN Sustainable Development Goals Further reading: Stuart Russell, “The Long-Term Future of AI” (Berkeley) “Moral technology” (Aeon, March 21, 2019) “Concerns of an Artificial Pioneer” (Quanta Magazine, April 21, 2015) “Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence” (Future of Life Institute) Stuart Russell Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Shoshana Zuboff coined the term “surveillance capitalism” to describe the new way companies claim private human experience as products. Shoshana joins Azeem Azhar to discuss the emergence of surveillance capitalism, its pernicious and beneficial aspects, and the future for human autonomy and agency. Shoshana and Azeem also discuss: The evolution of the first surveillance capitalist. The economics of scale, scope, and action as forms of harm. How we can safeguard the beneficial aspects of technology, while preventing its covert use by surveillance capitalists. Further reading: “The Secrets of Surveillance Capitalism” (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, March 2016) “Beyond Surveillance Capitalism: Reclaiming Digital Sovereignty” (Decode, October 2018) “Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks” (PNAS, June 2014) Shoshana Zuboff @shoshanazuboff Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

For Jürgen Schmidhuber, a recognized pioneer in AI, artificial intelligence is much more than another technological revolution. He sees it as the opportunity to transcend humanity and biology. In this conversation, Jürgen and Azeem Azhar discuss what the next thirty years of AI will look like. Jürgen and Azeem also discuss: The role of Long Short-Term Memory architecture in recent AI breakthroughs. Why the next AI wave will see machines actively shaping the data that they perceive. The second- and third-order consequences of bringing these more sophisticated artificial neural networks into our world. Further reading: “An AI taught itself to play a video game – for the first time, it’s beating humans” (The Conversation, May 2019) “Moving Beyond Cloud Computing to Edge Computing” (CableLabs, May 2019) “An All-Neural On-Device Speech Recognizer” (Google, March 2019) “Google’s head of translation on fighting bias in language and why AI loves religious texts” (The Verge, January 2019) Jürgen Schmidhuber Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

One of the founders of complexity economics, W. Brian Arthur, joins Azeem Azhar to discuss how artificial intelligence is ushering us into the age of the autonomous economy with radical implications for our society. In this podcast, Brian and Azeem also discuss: Why the decision-making ability of AI will have a different class of impact on the economy than previous ‘landmark’ technologies like the printing press. Whether it is possible to have publicly available decision-making enabled by artificial intelligence outside the proprietary enclaves of Silicon Valley monopolies. Increasing Returns Theory and how to generate good governance in a digital economy with dominant market actors. Further reading: “A Short History Of The Most Important Economic Theory In Tech” (Fast Company, December 2016) “Where is technology taking the economy?” (McKinsey Quarterly, October 2017) “The second economy” (McKinsey Quarterly, October 2011) “Increasing Returns and the New World of Business” (HBR, July-August 1996) W. Brian Arthur Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Artificial intelligence is unlocking new value in the banking and finance industry, but incumbents are struggling to keep pace. Azeem Azhar discusses what this means for the industry and its customers with Citi Research’s Global Sector Head for Banks Ronit Ghose, and the founder-CEOs of two leading innovators: Daniel Schreiber of Lemonade Insurance and Rishi Khosla of OakNorth Bank. Paul and Azeem also discuss: The huge role technology debt plays in obstructing legacy banks from innovating. How social networks, the smartphone, and AI grew exponentially and converged to mount a challenge to the traditional banking industry. The ways AI is cutting friction on the customer side. The ability to identify the sources of client or third-party data that can generate an algorithmically-powered image of the client and provide an insight into their ‘real’ level of risk. Further reading: “Digital Disruption: How FinTech is Forcing Banking to a Tipping Point” (Citi Velocity, March 2016) “Bank X: The New New Banks” (Citi Velocity, March 2019) “The Future Of Banking: Fintech Or Techfin?” (Forbes, Aug. 27, 2018) “Bank 4.0 Will Be All-Digital, Low-Overhead, Mobile-First” (Forbes, April 19, 2019) Ronit Ghose @ronit_ghose Daniel Schreiber @daschreiber Rishi Khosla @rishi_khosla Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

AI is the fastest-growing industry that Accenture’s CTIO Paul Daugherty has ever experienced. He joins Azeem Azhar to discuss how AI can help businesses across a broad range of industries enhance the value they offer customers. Paul’s 2018 bestselling book Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI laid the foundations for companies that want to harness AI to help innovate and grow quickly. Paul and Azeem also discuss: AI as a general-purpose technology and how to set priorities for its application. How critical it is to have data at the heart of your business. Can you use AI effectively if you don’t utilize the “data network effect?” The difference in an AI system that can interact with and modify human behavior from a company that puts out services or products that are highly addictive. How the rush to individualization moves us into “The Trust Age.” What are the practical steps companies can take to (re)build consumer trust? Self-regulation vs. external regulation, and the challenges of appropriately balancing regulation and innovation. Further reading: “The Future of AI Will Be About Less Data, Not More” (HBR, Jan. 14, 2019) “Accenture Interactive Launches Groundbreaking Artificial Intelligence Solution to Tackle Elderly Loneliness” (Accenture, April 30, 2019) “Using AI to Make Knowledge Workers More Effective” (HBR, April 19, 2019) “Hey Google, sorry you lost your ethics council, so we made one for you” (MIT Technology Review, April 6, 2019) “From Principles to Action: How do we Implement Tech Ethics?” (Industry Ethicists, April 17, 2019) Paul Daugherty @pauldaugh Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Director of the Humans and Autonomy Lab at Duke University and one of the first female fighter pilots, professor Missy Cummings debates the current state of autonomy with Azeem Azhar. Taking a stance of techno-realism, Missy explains why we’re not even close to developing Level 5 autonomy in driving and why robotic surgery is still not safe. In this podcast, Missy and Azeem also discuss: The nonlinear upward movement across levels of automation. While early developments may take similar amounts of time and money, the final advancements demand exponentially more. The psychology behind why we will almost certainly always have human pilots on commercial flights. Why the United States’ certification system, based on equivalence, has never been suitable for autonomous systems — and how training regulators and policymakers alongside engineers might spark regulatory improvements that would foster safe innovation. Parallels between the cultures of Silicon Valley and the U.S. military and thoughts on why gender equality still hasn’t been achieved. Further reading: “Technological, Regulatory Innovation Needed to Ensure Safety in Autonomous Vehicle Research” (Duke, April 9, 2018) “FDA clears new robotically-assisted surgical device for adult patients” (U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Oct. 13, 2017) “Robotic Surgery: An Example of When Newer Is Not Always Better but Clearly More Expensive” (The Milbank Quarterly, March 2016) “‘I Don’t Know How Professors Teach Without Fighter-Pilot Experience'” (The Atlantic, April 26, 2018) “Ex-pilot: I understand Martha McSally’s pain” (CNN, March 8, 2019) Missy Cummings @missy_cummings Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Michigan State University senior vice president Stephen Hsu, a theoretical physicist and the founder of Genomic Prediction, demonstrates how the machine learning revolution, combined with the dramatic fall in the cost of human genome sequencing, is driving a transformation in our relationship with our genes. Stephen and Azeem Azhar explore how the technology works, what predictions can and cannot yet be made (and why), and the ethical challenges created by this technology. In this podcast, Azeem and Stephen also discuss: FDA approval of the first genetic treatment for monogenic conditions and the work towards developing treatments for polygenic conditions like diabetes and cancer. How this technology might exacerbate existing social inequalities or create new ones; is it just an issue of access, or does it go further? Developing best practice protocols for governance and regulation of genomic technologies. Further reading: “FDA approves novel gene therapy to treat patients with a rare form of inherited vision loss” (Dec. 19, 2017) “Genomic Prediction of Complex Disease Risk” (Dec. 27, 2018) “How Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Services Led to the Capture of the Golden State Killer” (September 2018) Stephen Hsu @hsu_steve Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

With healthcare under extreme commercial and political pressure, the doctor-patient relationship is at a low point — and risks further deterioration. But digital technologies promise to revolutionize the daily delivery of care. Renowned digital medicine pioneer Dr. Eric Topol and Azeem Azhar discuss what this could mean for medical professionals, patients, and national healthcare systems. In this podcast, Eric and Azeem also discuss: Issues of access: equality of access and coping with differential patient capability when participating in digital therapeutics. The impact of GDPR on the need for ‘explainable AI’ in medicine. Algorithmic surveillance and whether the traditional management culture of ‘patching’ bugs translates to digital therapeutics and pharmaceuticals. Data security and the possibility of a data ‘bill of rights’ for patients and consumers of medical tech. Further reading: “The Topol Review” (February 2019) “Mobile health devices diagnose hidden heart condition in at-risk populations” (July 10, 2018) “A call for deep-learning healthcare” in Nature Medicine Vol. 25 (Jan. 7, 2019) “NVIDIA, Scripps Research Translational Institute Partner on AI for Genomics, Digital Health Sensors” (Oct. 23, 2018) Dr. Eric Topol @EricTopol Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

“We haven’t really understood the power of the state,” argues economist Mariana Mazzucato, warning that this has impacted the rising inequality in wealth creation and distribution. Mariana and Azeem Azhar discuss the role of government in innovation and business growth, risk-taking as the new mentality of bureaucracy, and how the benefits of entrepreneurial innovation have been misread. Above all, the case is made for a new theory of value in today’s economy. In this conversation, Mariana and Azeem also discuss: The role of the entrepreneurial state: moving away from the concept of the state as a facilitator and towards the state as an actor in the future of public-serving innovation. Why the GDP model is flawed — but why we should retain it as one of several economic indicators. Creeping privatization of the ‘data economy.’ Further Reading: “Yes, Government Creates Wealth” (September 2018) “Let’s make private data into a public good” (June 27, 2018) “Rethinking the Smart City” (January 2018) “The unlikely tech giant empowering citizens through data” (March 12, 2019) “Strategic design for public purpose” (March 8, 2019) Mariana Mazzucato @MazzucatoM Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Our society has become increasingly reliant on data, but its value is not accessible to all. Of the 16 billion terabytes of data created globally in 2016, only 1% was analyzed. Among other discrepancies, the growing data monopolies concentrate power over certain technologies such as artificial intelligence precluding their positive impact on society. Trent McConaghy, AI researcher and the founder of the decentralized data exchange, Ocean Protocol, is aiming to solve this by enabling individuals and organizations to share, monetize, and access data. In this conversation, Trent and Azeem Azhar discuss: The real-world impact of deep learning and error reduction, and why we have not yet fully leveraged data’s learning potential. Early use cases of successful data exchange in mining and autonomous driving. Drawing distinctions between human rights and tradable property, should ownership of personal data be protected as a human right? Further Reading: “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data” (2009) “The Web3 Data Economy Towards a Transparent, Permissionless Ecosystem to Spread the Benefits of AI” (Nov. 22, 2018) “Major Automakers, Startups, Technology Companies and Others Launch Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative (MOBI)” (May 4, 2018) “Is It Your Data” (Jan. 22, 2019) “Should we treat data as labor? Let’s open up the discussion” (Feb. 21, 2018) “We need to own our data as a human right — and be compensated for it” (Jan. 21, 2019) “This AI Company Is The Future Of Gold Exploration” (February, 2019) Open Data Impact Map Trent McConaghy @trentmc0 Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

“Intelligence is central to everything humans do, and artificial intelligence should be no exception.” With these words, Joanna Bryson urges for stronger professional standards for software engineers and experts designing intelligent-like systems. Joanna is a tenured associate professor at the University of Bath in the United Kingdom, where she founded the Bath Intelligence Systems group. She is one of the world’s leading AI researchers, uniting the perspectives of computer science, psychology, and biology in her work. In this podcast, Azeem Azhar and Joanna explore: The role of goals in conceptualizing and programming intelligence systems — and who sets these goals? The risks and inadequacies of anthropomorphizing AI. The critical importance of assuring ongoing human involvement in AI systems. The explainability of AI systems and litigation over the definition of ‘explanation’ in light of EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Further Reading: Group Agency: The Possibility, Design and Agency of Corporate Agents (April 7, 2011) UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training in Accountable, Responsible and Transparent AI (ART-AI) Joanna Bryson et al, “Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases” (April 14, 2017) Nick Bostrom, “Ethical Issues in Advanced Artificial Intelligence” Joanna Bryson, “No one should trust AI – AND – Presenting robots as people stops us thinking clearly about AI” (Dec. 23, 2018) Joanna Bryson @j2bryson Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In the late 1800’s, three innovation platforms shaped the world as we know it today: the telephone, electricity, and the internal combustion engine. Today, five powerful innovation platforms are accelerating at the same time: DNA sequencing, robotics, energy storage, deep learning, and blockchain technology. Cathie Wood, CEO and CIO of ArkInvest, is leading the way in investing in disruptive technologies at a time when many investors are holding back due to uncertainty. Azeem Azhar and Cathie discuss the multi-trillion-dollar opportunity in exponentially-developing industries, the role of incumbents, and how investors can shift gears to find comfort in risk. Further Reading: Moore’s Law Isn’t Dead: It’s Wrong — Long Live Wright’s Law (Jan. 2, 2019) On the Road to Full Autonomy with Elon Musk (Feb. 19, 2019) 18 Exponential Changes We Can Expect in the Year Ahead (Dec. 31, 2017) Cathie Wood @CathieDWood Azeem Azhar @azeem www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Parag Khanna is a leading international relations expert and the author of The Future Is Asian: Commerce, Conflict and Culture in the 21st Century. Azeem Azhar and Parag discuss the law of technology diffusion, break common myths about Asia’s development, and question whether the future belongs to cities or nation-states. www.exponentialview.co Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.