Alpha Exchange

It’s been 25 years since Mark Cuban implemented an exceedingly well-timed and attractively priced hedge on shares of Yahoo. In this short podcast, we review the popular “zero cost collar” trade and discuss the factors that impact its pricing. Cuban is known for playing offense in investing, buying the Mavs and making deals on the Tank. But his defensive trade on Yahoo years ago has been critical in his wealth accumulation. We bring in Jensen Huang, the owner of a few shares of NVDA, and make the case that he ought to consider this risk reducing collar transaction. I hope you find the discussion informative. Feedback is welcome.

There’s been some decent ink spilled recently on the “dispersion trade” which has profited from the epically low level of realized correlation among stocks. If winning trades attract capital and erode the margin of safety in the process, is this exposure crowded and vulnerable to an unwind? In this short pod, I lay out a 5-part, informal framework for thinking about risk-off episodes. In the process, we consider the pricing of vol and correlation. While the spill-over risk from dispersion trades gone wrong doesn’t appear to be high, the pricing of index volatility that results from never seen before levels of implied correlation offers a uniquely attractive cost of macro insurance.I hope you enjoy and find this useful.

Earning a Ph.D. in financial economics is no small feat. And not only did Garrett DeSimone do just that, but he would unknowingly embark on his future career in the process of doing so. His dissertation from the University of Delaware involved the study of event risk premia in single stocks ahead of earnings. And to perform the analysis he engaged with OptionMetrics, a firm specializing in implied volatility data. Now the Head of Quantitative Research there, Garrett leads the firm’s efforts to deliver carefully constructed data sets to its client base, while generating original empirical studies of option pricing and trading strategies. Our discussion considers some of his work, starting with his dissertation and the finding that the earnings event risk premium for single stocks makes straddles punitive to own. We liken this to a more recent phenomenon at the index level – the inflated one-day S&P 500 implied vol levels that have occurred in days before 3 macro events – the CPI, the Nonfarm payrolls report and FOMC meetings. We talk as well about one day options and the risk of a blowup. At least at this point, Garret sees flows that are reasonably mixed, with no obvious risk of instability resulting from positioning. Lastly, we discuss recent work he’s done on implied dividends using a novel approach. Relative to years earlier, he finds that there is currently very little risk premium implied in dividends. That is, the market is charging almost nothing for bearing the risk that dividends wind up disappointing on the downside. It’s interesting work and a good example of the rich information that can be extracted from derivatives markets. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Garrett DeSimone.

The study of correlation is valuable, informative and, likely an over-indulged in activity on Wall Street. That said, there are important risk considerations when it comes to how significantly assets move together or do not. The task at hand in this short podcast is to illustrate and contemplate the diverging paths of two important correlations: that between the stock market and bond market and second, between equities themselves. If the stock market is diversifying itself in real-time, there are reasons to think it cannot last indefinitely. I hope you enjoy.

With option prices in the doldrums, your host provides some thoughts on why and in the process reflects on the skinny levels of risk premia a decade ago. I finish with some cautionary observations around what might go wrong. I hope you enjoy this short pod!

It was a pleasure to welcome Raghuram Rajan back to the Alpha Exchange. Raghu is currently a distinguished professor at the Chicago Booth School of Business and is the former head of the Reserve Bank of India. With a deep understanding of the intersection of markets, the economy and policymaking, he is among the most important voices on Central Banking.With this in mind, our discussion explores his recent book “Monetary Policy and Its Unintended Consequences”, the title alone of which is entirely through provoking. Raghu shares his assessment of the tendency for policy towards increasing asymmetry – where the Fed acts as a lender of last resort during a crisis but finds itself unable to achieve normalization during non-stress periods. We talk as well about the distortions that result from forward guidance and asset purchase programs during non-emergency periods.Lastly, we talk about policy spill-overs, specifically the impact that the Fed’s actions can have on emerging economies. As head of the RBI a decade ago and as India experienced the impact of Bernanke’s 2013 taper tantrum, Raghu has much to say on this subset of unintended consequences. He argues that the Fed’s remit will continue to target domestic growth and inflation, consideration of the international impact of policy decisions should conceivably be a part of the policymaking conversation.The second half of our discussion focused on Raghu’s most recent book, “Breaking the Mold”, in which he reviews the progress and challenges in India. Here, he documents the diverging paths of India and China and makes recommendations for how India can learn from what China has done while recognizing both the constraints and opportunities associated with today’s global economy. He argues that India is uniquely positioned to provide high value-added services in a digital and remote work economy.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Raghuram Rajan.

Corporate Fraud is an unfortunate, costly and seemingly never-ending aspect of the world of business. In the best case, fraud is prevented or, at least caught before harm is done. All too often, however, these cases of deception lead to large financial losses, impacting the lives of many - shareholders, individuals and certainly those that are courageous whistleblowers.A little more than 15 years after the unwind of the Madoff Ponzi scheme, I invited Harry Markopolos back to the Alpha Exchange. Harry is often simply referred to as “the Man Who Knew”. He chased Madoff for years, serving up a comprehensive slew of evidence to the SEC that was mind boggling in its degree of logic, rigor and scope. Our conversation looks back on the lessons of this Ponzi scheme and also zooms out to consider other examples of corporate fraud including Theranos and FTX. Throughout our discussion I seek to gather Harry’s insights on the commonalities in these cases, how to detect them and also, importantly, how to prevent fraud. He points to a few areas of progress on the enforcement front but makes a strong case that the penalties associated with being caught need to be considerably larger.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Harry Markopolos.

It was a pleasure to welcome Kris Kumar, CIO of Goose Hollow Capital, to the Alpha Exchange. Our conversation starts with Fed policy and the manner in which the 500bps of policy tightening is impacting the economy. To this, Kris argues that the propitious starting position for households and corporates in this cycle has been quite different than in previous ones, thus blunting the impact of rate hikes. He points as well to loose fiscal policy with the unemployment rate so low. For Kris, what happens next depends more on fiscal than monetary side.We next consider the backdrop for valuations, starting with fixed income. Kris sees safety that comes from a coupon on 2’s that approaches 5%, noting that there are positive real yields generally in most of the world. From an earnings yield perspective, however, US equities have zero premium to bond yields and Kris points to the concentration of earnings growth coming from the top of the SPX, which, in turn, is a bet on generative AI. Should this growth not materialize, the lofty multiples currently awarded these stocks could be re-rated.Within equities, Kris makes the argument that we’ve invested a lot in bits but not in atoms and, going forward, investment dollars may move away from tech into areas associated with energy demand. How else to satisfy all of the incremental power to run all of the data centers built?We finish the discussion with an assessment of the price of vol. Kris points to the epically low implied correlation on the SPX, a result of the bifurcated market in which a small but valuable subset of the index is a bet on AI. He sees scope for the still elevated level of rate vol to come down but upside in vol on commodities like copper as a function of all the spending on infrastructure that will ultimately come as a function of the AI boom.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Kris Kumar.

The “rule of 72” tells us that a good approximation for the time it takes to double your money can be arrived at by taking 72 and dividing by the interest rate that capital can compound by on an annual basis. Implicit in the calculation is that the initial stack is left untouched and is not vulnerable to a drawdown. In this context, it was great to welcome Jerry Peters, the Managing Partner of Smithbrook to the Alpha Exchange. Providing a risk-managed equity solution to its high net worth clients, Jerry and team are focused on managing downside risk, utilizing an option overlay strategy to mitigate some of the invevitable swoons in equity prices.Our conversation walks through how index put options – when acquired at the right price – can create gains that help offset portfolio losses during times of stress. Acknowledging that the long term expected value of buying insurance ought to be negative, Jerry walks through how a protective strategy can interact with long risk exposure to create long term return enhancement. Here, he points to how gains from insurance during sell-offs can underpin the “rebalancing bonus”, where capital is moved from winning to losing assets on a systematic basis. We also talk about some of the subtle aspects of financial asset taxation and efforts to maximize not just the pre-tax but also the after-tax return of investment decisions. Jerry walks through some straightforward tax loss harvesting strategies that can add meaningfully to investment outcomes on an after-tax basis.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Jerry Peters.

After a 13-year career at CSFB where she would ultimately head the firm’s equity derivative strategy effort, in 2023 Mandy Xu moved to the CBOE where she’s now Head of Derivatives Market Intelligence and swimming in interesting, complex data sets. Our conversation surveys product innovation, going back to the first option trade ever on the CBOE, call options on July 1973 Xerox, through today’s vastly electronified ecosystem of trading in cross-asset risk exposures.We briefly review the unbelievable short squeeze in GME from 2021, and here Mandy asserts that today’s exposures are considerably more balanced than the Meme episode in which the retail stampede engorged on call option premium. Our discussion moves to the present-day backdrop for option pricing and the potential impact of mechanical flows resulting from vol being bought and sold in the market.Noting the substantial increase in AuM for overwriting and option income generating funds in both the mutual fund and ETF complex, Mandy is skeptical that this growth is solely responsible for the low clearing price of measures like the VIX and put skew. Instead, she points to low risk readings in other asset classes, including credit implied vol, as more likely driven by stable macro fundamentals.We spend the remainder of the conversation on the much debated topic of ODTE and whether there’s an accident waiting to happen. In Mandy’s role at the CBOE, she sees option flow data with great granularity and in the ultra-short-dated category, she sees considerable balance in use cases across hedgers, income generators and intraday traders. The result is a healthy mix of buyers and sellers and, at least for now, a low risk of Volmaggedon 2.0. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Mandy Xu.

Kieran Goodwin’s roots go back to the early days of both distressed debt investing and the credit default swap market, two classes of risk he has seen experience significant change over the last 25 years. Our conversation gets underway by exploring the notion of alpha decay in the distressed market, a diminishing opportunity set that has resulted from smarter capital entering the space, equipped with an understanding of the often complicated process around bankruptcy and reorganization. Kieran frames out the option characteristics of distressed investing in an interesting way, suggesting that the short or long profile of the exposure is about whether time is on your side or not while also arguing that it is arming yourself with a margin of safety in price that creates this runway, leaving the trade with more long vol attributes.Distressed investing today, in Kieran’s view, is an adult swim only business, rife with creditor-on-creditor violence and requiring a large balance sheet to be in the room as indentures are changed or portions of a capital structure are being primed. We spend the remaining part of the discussion on the CLO business and the potential for a credit-widening cycle. Kieran describes the CLO machinery as a captive buyer base for loans that has served effectively as a quasi-index product that has facilitated market growth. While noting that the product has indeed been effective over the years, he points to concentration risk that can lead to a rapid rise in correlations and spreads. He also points to at least some early signs of an uptick in defaults.Lastly, we touch on the electronification of credit trading and the factorization of credit exposure that technology has increasingly enabled. Involved as an investor in some of the initiatives to facilitate electronic trading, Kieran sees further growth here, accompanied by more continuous trading and price discovery.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Kieran Goodwin.

In Lori Calvasina's role as Head of US Equity Strategy at RBC Capital Markets, assessing the interaction between macro variables like rates with top-down factors like the equity market multiple is critical. But important as well is an evaluation of markets from the bottoms up. And here, she not only seeks to pull together the views of colleagues doing strategy work in sector verticals, but also to actually read earning transcripts during reporting season to get a sense of what companies are saying. Her broad assessment of the outlook for corporate America is generally optimistic as she sees companies having come out of multiple stress exercises - trade wars, the Covid shock, and the inflation and monetary policy response in the Pandemic's aftermath among them - with a stronger defensive plan. Companies are harnessing technology and managing costs more effectively, leaving them less likely to be forced to reduce headcount. The result is a consumer holding up quite well.Our discussion touches on the Mag7 and how today's top-heavy portion of the market is similar and different to the highfliers of the tech bubble. For Lori, the valuation premium for names like NVDA and other mega cap tech stocks is justified by the premium of earnings growth they've been able to consistently deliver. We explore the impact of higher rates on the market's multiple and the relative performance of sectors as rates rise or fall. She likes energy, both for its high dividend yield, its strong relative performance as rates rise and the potential for a geopolitical tailwind. On this last front, asked about the market risks that she worries about, it is uncertainty on the global political front along with the US election. She also cites sentiment that may be too bullish and positioning that appears stretched. Lastly, we touch on Lori's recent recognition as one of Barron's Top 100 Most Influential Women in US Finance. Asked about industry efforts to empower female careers in finance, she's optimistic, arguing that it's critical to have not just a mentor but a sponsor as well to push you to the next level.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Lori Calvasina.

George Orwell once said that writing a book is a “horrible, exhausting experience…that one would never undertake if one were not driven by some demon whom one can neither resist nor understand”. Ok then. Let’s all agree that writing a book is a heavy lift. Let’s also agree that the personal finance advice industry is littered with gurus making outlandish statements about profit opportunities and often giving unsound advice on wealth management.With these in mind, it was a pleasure to welcome Jared Dillan back to the Alpha Exchange. Jared is the Founder and Editor of the Daily Dirtnap and the author of a recent book, “No Worries: How to Live a Stress-free Financial Life”. While many of the podcast discussions are in the weeds on high finance topics like monetary policy, hedging and correlation, my conversation with Jared emphasizes the basics: how to get the big decisions right and, in the process, enjoy more peace of mind. The foundations of our discussion are debt and risk, the two main sources of financial stress, in Jared’s view. On the debt side, he emphasizes three critical transactions, the house, the car and student loans.On the risk side, he advocates for the “awesome” portfolio, a blend of stocks, bonds, gold, real estate and cash. While not returning what stocks have historically, this combination has considerably smaller realized drawdowns. Overall, Jared’s book is easy to consume with plenty of nuggets accessible to the non-Wall Street types.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Jared Dillian.

Our final segment of 25 Sayings on Vol and Risk is upon us, and with it, 5 fresh pithy principles that I often turn to in trying to make sense of this chaotic sport we call markets. Along the way, in typing out these more than 20,000 words over the series, I’m probably out more than 50 dollars in espresso inspired drinks from Starbucks lead by the dirty chai latte and the caramel machiatto. But I’ve learned some stuff and had some fun and I hope you have as well.Sayings 21 through 25 are… “When I see a bubble forming, I rush in to buy.” (George Soros) “Vol is the only anti-fragile asset.” “When financial markets implode, convexity can be found lurking at the scene.” (Harley Bassman) “The correlation of vol and the vol of correlation are not your friend.” “Vol has memory, vol mean reverts.” Hope you Enjoy!

The task at hand is simple….make further progress on our 25 Sayings on Vol and Risk. I’ve certainly had some fun with the first 15. Somehow, in the context of this exploration of market risk philosophy, I’ve managed to quote both former President Ronald Reagan and Seinfeld hack comedian Kenny Bannia, summoned the wisdom of Wolf of Wall Street’s Mark Hannah and referenced both Morgan Stanley’s James Gorman and Optionseller.com’s James Cormier. My promise remains to get you in and out in under 30 minutes, less time than an episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm.Sayings 16 through 20 are… “The money money makes, makes more money.” (Ben Franklin) “ROMO is the risk of missing out.” “Risk-on and risk-off are curious cousins.” “Accident-free finance promotes the selling of accident insurance.” “Price is the only fundamental.” (Someone)

Our journey to 25 Sayings on Vol and Risk continues, folks…and as UFC’s Bruce Buffer is known to emphatically tells us…”It’s TIME!”… for our third segment…sayings 11-15. We’ve got some good ones ahead of us and, as always, I aim to share some of my thinking on markets, overlay a dose of history and pop culture and, perhaps, give you a chuckle in the process. We’ll be in and out in under 30 minutes, i.e., shorter than a Powell presser, a five-block cab ride from the east side to west side, and no doubt less time it takes Windows to update the drivers on your PC. Sayings 11 through 15 are… 1. “If history is a foreign country, the history of risk is another planet.”2. “By definition, there’s a winner to every back-test.”3. “Price is a liar.”4. “Volatility is an instrument of truth.”5. “It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you in trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.”

Hello! You’ve reached part 2 of our 5 part series “25 Sayings on Vol and Risk”. Over the first half hour episode, we kicked off with the first 5. Over these 30 minutes, we shall explore sayings 6 through 10. The task at hand is to make headway on our sayings, and, hopefully, entertain you a bit in the process. My goal, share some of what I’ve written down on the back of napkins over the years to help me tie together what I’ve observed and experienced in markets. Through these aphorisms as one might call them, I’m hoping to give you some stuff to chew on and expand your thinking on matters of risk.Here are our second five: “The next crisis to occur is the one that happened longest ago” “There are no bad securities, only bad correlations” “Equities are short the straddle on rates” “In markets, it’s move fast and things break” “Greenspan was right, sort of”

Efforts to understand the “why” of the motion in asset prices consume our time and attention in markets. To be sure, traditional sources of risk – namely the economy, the path of corporate profits and changes in the interest rate cycle – do matter. But, as Matt King argues, especially since 2012, we increasingly need to monitor what’s happening in the financial plumbing where Treasury and Central Bank driven fund flows can be responsible for powerful liquidity dynamics. Serving sometimes as a headwind and at others a tailwind, flows like QE as well as changes in the TGA and Reverse Repo facilities influence the manner in which investors interact with risk assets. After a nearly two decade stint at Citi, Matt recently founded Satori Insights, an independent firm helping institutional investors navigate today’s uneven and complicated waters of risk. A main aspect of our conversation is his take on the resilience of the US consumer and broader economy in 2023, set against one of the fastest tightening cycles on record and the Fed’s QT program. Matt’s work suggests that tying favorable asset price results in 2023 to this resilience leaves out a critical point. He states that while the Fed’s balance sheet was nominally reduced by roughly a trillion last year, markets wound up enjoying a trillion in new liquidity. His framework, tying a trillion dollar increase in reserves to roughly a 10% increase in the equity market, helps explain the dislocation between asset price performance like tighter credit spreads and traditional fundamentals like defaults. Through the lens of liquidity that Matt utilizes, the risk asset outlook for 2024 is less favorable. He cautions that the Fed may have done more on the hiking front than they should have, underestimated the impact of their balance sheet policies on asset prices. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Matt King.

I wanted to share with you some of my thoughts about the current state of market risk as this new year is now sufficiently underway. A number of years ago, I created a list that I call “25 Sayings on Vol and Risk”. In the spirt of 7 minute abs and 12 holiday recipes, I think lists are an easy way to connect concepts. Twenty five is a lot to get through, so we are going to simply divide them into 5, creating a series of half hour episodes. I do hope I can keep your attention and, again, make a positive contribution to how you think about markets over 30 minutes. Here are our first five:“Big Moves Matter Most”“Theta is the Rent on Gamma, and the Rent is Often Too Damn High”“Hedge When You Can, Not When You Have To”“Stock Returns, Like Politics, Are Not Normal”“Financial Market Insurance is Not Like Hurricane Insurance” Hope you Enjoy!

Danny Dayan has spent more than 2 decades in markets, developing a top-down process that seeks to find opportunity in derivatives markets. In his search for value in option trades, he marries a study of the macro landscape – including the economic backdrop, the evolution of inflation and the Central Bank reaction function to incoming data – with expertise in understanding how to implement and risk manage a derivatives portfolio. With experience across the major asset classes, but a long history in rate derivatives markets, Danny shares his perspective on the fascinating world of pricing in the US Government bond market and the giant options complex built around it. We start by reviewing the launch of the hedge fund he founded, DWD Partners, in late 2020, a time of epically low rates and skinny option prices. We walk through key developments, including the expiration of the Fed SLR in 2021 that ultimately played a role in the implosion of SVB and an explosion of the MOVE index, which nearly reached 200 in March of 2023. We spend the bulk of the discussion on how Danny sizes up present-day prices and risks. Here, he sees the market priced for substantially more cuts than will materialize. In this context he outlines options trade to do in short-dated rates that both generate and require option premium. We talk as well about the back-end of the yield curve and the explosion of government debt. Here, he argues that the term premium for taking duration risk is insufficient. Lastly, he advocates for FX option trades, highlighting the potential that both the Euro and Canadian dollar decline as their respective Central Banks ease policy at a faster rate than currently anticipated relative to the Fed. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Danny Dayan.

It was once said that we are “the sum total of our experiences”. In the world of investing, this rings especially true. For Nancy Tengler, the CIO of Laffer Tengler Investments, a career in money management that has spanned more than 3 decades has presented real world challenges and opportunities that have reinforced a philosophy on risk. First, she shares that her interest in money came from not having any of it, pushing her to first focus on savings and then on investing that savings. She’s also come to believe that the biggest risk is not taking enough of it, a notion is a thread throughout our discussion. This idea dates all the way back to the crash of ’87, a harrowing episode during which Nancy was forced to look past the shocking volatility and argue that clients should put fresh money to work as part of a longer-horizon plan. We talk about the stratospheric valuations of tech stocks in the late 1990’s and she contrasts that period with today’s the more reasonably valued market leadership. In the present, she sees a secular tailwind coming from developments in cloud computing and in generative AI that will benefit not just the tech companies that create these innovations, but the older economy stocks like Walmart that deploy them as productivity enhancement tools. Next, we discuss the balance between the macro and the micro within her process. While being highly macro aware and concerned about top-down factors like US government debt, Nancy’s process emphasizes a study of business fundamentals along with a strong focus on evaluating the strength of management teams. Lastly, we talk about the women in finance movement and the work that Nancy is doing to promote financial literacy for females, including her book, “The Women’s Guide to Successful Investing”. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Nancy Tengler.

Welcome to Part I of a special, retrospective podcast, looking back on 5 years of the Alpha Exchange. It’s been a joy hosting these conversations with experts. I’ve had an opportunity to solicit their insights and bring to life the lens through which they evaluate risk and reward. In Part I, I highlight some of what guests have shared with respect to how risks materialize, with attention to the exposures that sometimes are forcibly unwound when assumptions about the state of the world change. We also touch on geopolitical risks, those that originate from elections, wars and even Tweets. I hope these perspectives shared deepen your own thought process on risk management.

Welcome back, as we review some of the themes and insights that have been prominent over the first 5 years of the podcast. In Part II, we discuss inflation, stock-bond correlation as well as trend strategies. We finish with a not so optimistic take on the growth of US government debt and the strains emerging on the risk-bearing capacity of the Treasury market. The late Doris Day once said that “gratitude is riches”. I am full of gratitude for having the opportunity to host the Alpha Exchange. I sincerely thank both our guests and listeners for the ongoing support. 2023 has been a year of significant growth for the podcast and I hope that 2024 will bring more of the same. Wishing you an excellent end to this year and a relaxing holiday.

Tony Morris, Global Head of Quantitative Strategies at Nomura International, has spent 25 plus years studying complex market pricing relationships across asset classes, with a focus on derivatives. Our conversation explores some of the factors that drive asset price outcomes, first, considering the vol risk premium. Observing the consistent shortfall of realized versus implied vol in the equity market, Tony details a similar circumstance in credit where realized defaults are lower than implied by spreads. He suggests that the existence of both the equity VRP and the credit risk premium are tied to fact that both have beta to the SPX, which in turn enjoys its own risk premium.Our conversation shifts to the work that Tony and his team are doing within the larger Quantitative Investment Strategies, or QIS, business at Nomura. We touch briefly on the history of QIS, a business motivated by end user interest in systematic strategies that require substantial market access, modelling and operational infrastructure. At its core, QIS enables the outsourcing of these critical components to a dealer who can package complex exposures into a neatly delivered contract.We talk broadly about the set of products that comprise the taxonomy of QIS. Here, Tony cautions that in constructing a portfolio, it’s important to carefully consider the way in which strategies interact, with attention to hidden co-movement. We spend the last part of our discussion on long-dated swaption straddles on long dated US rates, a topic Tony and team have done a deep dive on. Their work suggests that an overlay of 20y20y – that is 20 year swaptions on 20 year swaps – has very favorable correlation, carry and convexity characteristics. Along the way in sharing the results, Tony debunks a few commonly held assertions around the factors driving the returns.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Tony Morris.

Welcome to a special Alpha Exchange Retrospective podcast in which I highlight discussions with female guests and their reflections on efforts to empower careers for women in the field of finance. I launched the Alpha Exchange back in 2018 to host conversations with prominent investors, strategists and policymakers that explored the world of market risk. Over the course of these last 5, most interesting years, I’ve been fortunate to engage with 135 individuals, soliciting their perspectives, uncovering their frameworks and asking them to detail the lens through which they evaluate the trade-off between risk and opportunity. Among my guests, 22 have been women. I’m pleased to say that 2023 is already a record year for female guests at 9. These guests are chief investment officers, heads of derivative strategy, hedge fund founders, heads of asset allocation and macro credit research. Female guests of the podcast are, almost always, mothers as well.I enjoyed putting this together, hoping to highlight what leading women in our industry think about efforts to expand opportunities for females in the investment industry.

Game 5 of the 1973 NBA finals would be the last one played by Wilt Chamberlain, as the Lakers lost to a NY Knick team that featured basketball legends Walt Clyde Frazier, Earl the Pearl Monroe and Willis Reed. A fourth hall of famer, Dave DeBusschere, donning the number 22, also played an instrumental role in what was the last championship for the Knicks. 50 years later, his son, Dennis DeBusschere, is a co-founder and the Chief Market Strategist at 22V Research, a firm advising institutional clients on risk and asset allocation.My conversation with Dennis explores his process for uncovering the interaction between the economy, inflation and the Fed’s reaction function. He emphasizes the importance of the financial conditions channel, asserting that economic growth that proves too resilient will force the market to ultimately confront policy that is higher for longer. A large part of our conversation is around the linkages that Dennis and his team find in various equity factors to macro variables like the shape of the yield curve. Of these, one interesting assertion is that defensive stocks and factors like low vol have provided little safety in the context of bear steepening. Lastly, we talk about hedging in an environment of stock/bond correlation levels that remain unfriendly. Here he points to a customized short basket he’s developed comprised of stocks with deteriorating short-term debt levels and high cash flow volatility.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Dennis DeBusschere.

Over a distinguished 40-year career as an academician in finance, Darrell Duffie has made important contributions to our collective understanding of how markets work. Earning a PhD from Stanford in 1984, Darrell has taught finance there ever since and now serves as the Adams Distinguished Professor of Management and Professor of Finance at the Graduate School of Business. Along the way he has written several books, authored countless papers and provided guidance to policymakers who have sought his counsel in addressing complex regulatory questions.We review some of Darrell’s research over the past 4 decades, starting with equilibrium models of asset pricing in the 80’s, termstructure models in the 90’s and work on default correlation post the GFC. We spend most of our time on his recent research on the US Treasury market, that risk-free asset class that recently appears anything but. Darrell shares some conclusions from analysis of the melt-down of the bond market in March of 2020 and the policy implications that result. First, he states that yield volatility explains a large proportion of the breakdown of liquidity in what should be the world’s most liquid asset class. Higher vol and compromised liquidity generally go hand in hand. Darrell and colleagues show that the bond market freeze could further be traced to dealers reaching their capacity to warehouse risk, a factor that impacts liquidity in a highly non-linear manner.We shift to the policy recommendations that arise in light of his research. First, Darrell notes that a campaign of large-scale asset purchases is considerably more effective in combatting a volatility episode when dealer balance sheets are stretched as they were in March of 2020 than the market turbulence of 2022, when dealers had space to absorb more risk. He also points to a greater need for centralized clearing in the Treasury market, a mechanism that would provide much needed netting of risk exposures. Lastly, Darrell shares some new research he is engaged in, specifically, exploring the 2024 Treasury program to buy-back securities.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Darrell Duffie.

As head of Macro Credit Research within Private Markets at BlackRock, Amanda Lynam is responsible for assessing how the broad picture of risk impacts credit markets and the securities within them. In doing so, she marries the top down with an understanding of company fundamentals, a skillset developed during her time in a sell-side research role focused on the insurance and healthcare sectors. Our discussion takes stock of the current opportunity set in corporate credit, exploring Amanda's process for finding value amidst an environment of middling credit spreads, but high all-in yields. As most of the heavy lifting is currently being done by the risk-free component, her team sees this continuing, with a view that the bar is high for Fed rate cuts well into 2024.Expecting a higher cost of capital to prevail for some time, Amanda expects more dispersion of returns across issuers in credit, with a view that certain capital structures that added considerable leverage when rates were low will struggle as they ultimately need to refinance. She notes that to some extent, higher rates are already biting, with defaults picking up and with the maturity wall beginning in earnest in 2025, corporates will need to engage markets on rolling paper in the not-too-distant future.Next, we talk about the supply and demand for funds in credit markets. First, on the demand for capital side, she states that 2022 was the lowest issuance year in high yield since the GFC, a favorable technical backdrop that is fading as a tailwind this year and next. With respect to the supply of credit, a topic that has received more attention post the SVB debacle, Amanda shares her team's focus on opportunities in private credit, a market she sees as expanding amidst the contraction in bank lending and offering higher spread compensation.We finish the discussion with some of Amanda's views on the progress of empowering careers for women in finance. She says it is important for females to have both a mentor who helps you in the day to day and a sponsor who can help you advance on a longer-term basis. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Amanda Lynam.

As Chief Investment Strategist at iCapital, a global alternatives platform, Anastasia Amoroso is responsible for helping the firm’s clients understand changes in the macro regime and how capital should be allocated in response. We start our discussion by considering the current state of affairs – of high interest rates, of correlated moves in stock and bond prices and resilient economic growth – and exploring where history is and is not relevant.Here, Anastasia highlights the degree to which both consumers and corporations are far less sensitive to interest rate increases than they were in the pre-GFC era. Higher rates are a concern, but they need not derail the case for risk assets like stocks which have delivered good returns amidst higher rates in the past. For Anastasia, an instructive framework for evaluating opportunity is one that considers valuation, positioning and a catalyst. And in the context of this last factor, she notes favorable earnings revisions which are showing signs of recently bottoming and strong earnings growth, specifically in the tech sector. We spend the bulk of our time on the important topic of diversification and the faltering performance of the traditional 60/40 portfolio. She highlights exposure to global macro hedge funds, a strategy that delivered a 9% return in 2022 as both the stock and bond market lost nearly 20%.We finish the conversation by having Anastasia reflect on the state of female careers in financial services. She states that the industry has become more inclusive and more representative of women in leadership roles. With this progress noted, she sees a gap in women serving in the middle, between junior and senior roles, potentially the result of the unique demands on females that often include family responsibilities. Ongoing attention to office/life balance and creating a degree of flexibility in work is likely one part of the remedy here.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Anastasia Amoroso.

Armed with a PhD in economics, Torsten Slok spent several years at the OECD, doing deep dive analysis and making policy recommendations on big picture issues such as pension reform, tax systems and health care policy, before ultimately hitting Wall Street. He spent more than 15 years on the sell-side, a period that included the GFC and Pandemic and the lean rate years between them.Now a Partner and Chief Economist at Apollo Global Management, Torsten is providing input on the macroeconomic backdrop and the implications for the firm’s investments. Our discussion primarily considers the joint states of the economy and inflation - where we’ve been, where we’re headed and the read through on Fed policy. On the economy, Torsten suggests that in this cycle, the transmission of changes in monetary policy to the real economy is especially lagged as both individuals and corporates have largely shielded themselves from rate increases.On inflation, Torsten describes the ebbing and flowing of goods versus services inflation. The latter, which fell sharply during the Pandemic lock-downs has re-emerged as consumers travel, stay at hotels and attend concerts. We then talk about wages, which Torsten believes the Fed sees as still too high. Moderation here is a key part of reducing service sector inflation which, in turn, is needed to reduce the overall level of inflation.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Torsten Slok.

An undergrad econ major, Cameron Dawson got hooked on markets early, taking a class on securities and portfolio analysis in Business School which set her down the path of market study. She broke into the business as an industrials analyst on the buy-side, time that gave her an opportunity to develop an appreciation for how the macro landscape intersects with the micro business fundamentals within a cyclical universe of stocks.In this context, we review the period from 2014 to 2016, a time of ebullience within the energy sector and a fracking supply boom. For Cameron, there are important lessons to be had in observing the speed with which this optimism gave way to a protracted downcycle by late 2014. And, in sharp contrast, when the sector appeared un-investable in early 2016, the stocks would turn, discounting the improving fundamentals that would only be visible by late 2016. Here, she sees lessons with how forward looking the market can be, noting that if you weren’t there early, you missed it.We talk about her role as Chief Investment Officer at NewEdge Wealth, a firm delivering wealth management solutions to high-net worth investors, and I ask Cameron to reflect on how client needs are different now in a 5+% short rate. Noting that, all else equal, higher rates argue for rebalancing away from equities, she highlights the importance of taxes, especially for investors with low basis stock. We also talk about stock/bond correlation and the implications for portfolio construction. Here, Cameron suggests there is room for bonds to play a stabilizing role should the stock market run into trouble, especially in a disinflationary/flagging growth scenario.Lastly, we review some of her recent work on reading the tea leaves of market prices. She notes the recent underperformance of high beta names versus the rest of the market as an early warning sign of flagging risk appetite. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange my conversation with Cameron Dawson.

With a penchant for math and a degree in biology from Cornell, Dave Rogal landed at BlackRock in 2006. With the housing bubble in full sway, he was part of a group that provided asset liability management advice to large institutions. Three years later, as the dust settled from the financial crisis, he joined the fixed income division, mentored by industry experts, and quickly exposed to the world of pricing dislocations that populated the system well into 2009.Now the head of Total Return and Inflation Portfolios, Dave shares some of the lessons learned on risk management through crisis periods. Reflecting on vol events like the Covid market shock, he asserts that simplification of exposures is critical as correlations can become unstable and unreliable. We spend most of our time learning about Dave’s framework for thinking about inflation, a variable he suggests must be approached with humility. On a forward-looking basis, he sees disinflation in autos, a component that was hot, but is now starting to feel the impact of higher rates.We also discuss rents, and here Dave is generally sanguine as well. All in all, there is scope to return to month-on-month CPI readings of 0.2 and 0.3, welcome developments. On the risk front, he sees some potential that the Fed overtightens, based on comments that appear to focus more on the strength of labor market and activity data rather than embracing the progress on inflation. Lastly, we talk about the back-end of the yield curve and what Dave suggests are “daunting” supply dynamics set against the Fed’s QT program and less capacity for banks to absorb new paper.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Dave Rogal.

To be sure, factor investing has been a thing in equities for some time now, with vast pools of capital managed by firms that employ a systematic approach to harvesting style factors like growth, value and momentum. In 2013, Asness, Moskowitz and Pedersen authored, “Value and Momentum Everywhere”, for the Journal of Finance, finding common factors in return attribution across 8 markets.Still, a decade later, fixed income factor investing is a nascent strategy. Enter Karishma Kaul, Head of Systematic Fixed Income Strategies at Fidelity. With a masters in financial engineering from Cornell, she hit Wall Street in 2008, landing on a fixed income desk the day of the Lehman Bankruptcy. The ensuing financial crisis would provide valuable lessons on the limitations of theoretical models and the pitfalls that potentially arise from back-tests.Our discussion shifts to fixed income factor investing. Karishma provides an overview of common factors, including value, momentum and quality. The latter, she argues can play an important stabilizing role during risk-off periods. She makes the point that each of these factors delivers incremental risk-adjusted return in isolation, but when put together, add further value due to favorably low correlation among them.We discuss implementation, a process that can be complicated in fixed income where attention must be paid to trading frictions. Lastly, we touch on the risk of potential return dampening due crowding. Here, Karishma acknowledges this as a risk to monitor, but notes that the capital in these strategies is still small and there should be plenty of room for growth.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Karishma Kaul.

Welcome to a special retrospective edition of the Alpha Exchange, narrated by yours truly. I’m a big fan of consequential events in market history as they provide a great opportunity to learn about the conditions under which asset prices can become unruly.Are there commonalities in these episodes that might allow us to develop a roadmap for why, how and when they might occur? From a risk management perspective, what are the key lessons of vol events?In this context, it’s difficult not to reflect on the nearly unmanageable unwind of Long Term Capital that occurred 25 years ago. Over the next 50 minutes or so, I set out to take you through some of this important event from my own perspective and along the way bring in insights shared by guests of our podcast. I hope you enjoy it.

For Kristy Akullian, an interest in economics during college was motivated by a need to learn about personal finance in order to make budget each month with student loans and other expenses. After a short stint at a boutique RIA, she joined the iShares division within BlackRock, where she is now a Senior Strategist supporting the firm’s clients on asset allocation.Our conversation explores the development of ETF technology over the years and Kristy’s time as part of the delta one initiative in expanding the universe of investors in the product. Here we learn about her desire to be “in the weeds” on margin, clearing, taxes, dividends and funding in access products that enable synthetic replication.We spend the balance of the conversation exploring Kristy’s role as Senior Investment Strategist and the analysis of flows and positioning that constitutes a portion of her framework. She sees extended positioning in futures contracts on broad indices like the S&P and NDX as a reason for caution. She notes, however, that investors are sitting on a tremendous amount of cash, given the much higher short rate of around 5% leaving a higher hurdle for taking on incremental risk.With respect to the path for inflation, while she sees normalization occurring, there is a risk that the cuts implied by the yield curve do not ultimately materialize, putting more pressure on growth and leaving the potential for an accident. We finish the discussion with Kristy sharing some of her views on the state of progress on initiatives designed to expand opportunities for females in the field of finance. Here she states that it is important to think of women as investors and the work that BlackRock is doing to create model portfolios specific to unique circumstances encountered by females.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Kristy Akullian.

With more than two decades of experience trading and managing risk in sell-side and buy-side roles, Mimi Duff has learned a thing or two about high finance. In the early 1990’s she cut her teeth writing research for agency and treasury securities at Goldman Sachs. She’d later move to trading, focused on making markets in the long end utilizing a framework for the relative value of securities across the curve.We review some of the prominent risk events she’s traded through including September 11th and the reverberations of volatility in market prices that resulted. Mimi makes the point that the emotional response to an event so tragic tests a trader’s capacity to manage risk. We also explore the GFC and the front row seat that Mimi had to this event. Running the swaps trading desk at Barclays, she was responsible for the interest rate exposure that came about through the Lehman acquisition, calculating first and second order risks and then implementing a hedging program in the market.Our conversation moves to her current role at GenTrust, a sophisticated wealth advisor catering to high net worth individuals, where she runs the NY Office. For Mimi, wealth management all starts with having a plan and a suitable client benchmark. In this context, we discuss the work that GenTrust does in delivering portfolio construction, diversification and tax planning services to ultra high net individuals and investment entities. In evaluating opportunities for clients, the team is willing to consider alternative, sometimes off-the-run risk exposures. But illiquidity risk is taken on only in instances where the expected return profile and diversification outcome is especially favorable. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Mimi Duff.

Market prices are the outcome of a myriad of factors. Geopolitical developments, the economy, the regulatory landscape and the actions of Central Banks all matter. So, too, do market participants and the set of products they utilize to assume or reduce risk exposures. For Rocky Fishman, the founder of newly formed derivatives strategy firm Asym 500, studying complex products and the mechanical flows they often generate is critical.Our discussion is a review of market risk episodes and how risk management schemes that use volatility as a direct input can accelerate price moves in the broad equity market to both the upside and downside. In this context, we discuss the Feb'18 XIV event as well as the rapid repricing of risk in August of 2015 when China re-pegged its currency versus the dollar. Both events speak to the importance of the positioning that can become lopsided when realized volatility has been especially low.We also talk about diversification and correlation. Here, Rocky makes the point that investors must respect the degree to which an impaired market can cause economically similar securities to become severely dislocated. Lastly, we talk about zero day to expiration options. Not seeing the case for Volmaggedon 2.0 at this point, his work at Asym500 will nevertheless be focused on carefully studying short-dated option flows. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Rocky Fishman.

As Global Co-head of Portfolio Solutions at AQR Capital Management, Dan Villalon is primarily engaged in helping the firm’s clients address constantly evolving challenges around risk management. Central to these, of course, is the search for efficient sources of diversification. In this context, our discussion explores research his team has done in two primary areas.First, we talk about defending against drawdowns that are both fast and slow and back-tests that compare options-based hedging with strategies like trend following that do not require explicit premium payments. For rapid market sell-offs, like those that occurred during the GFC and the Covid crash, explicit, premium based insurance works well. This approach can suffer, however, as the market bottoms and recovers even as option prices remain high. Trend following strategies, while not as effective for sudden market plunges, tend to be more effective in offsetting losses that occur during slower drawdowns, as occurred in 2022.Dan makes the point that a robotic strategy that buys assets that have trended higher and sells those that have trended lower tends to work across asset classes and around the world, at odds with market efficiency. One possible explanation put forth is “under-reaction”. Here, investors respond to good news, but not initially by enough, leaving further gains on the table.Lastly, we talk about AQR’s recent work on international diversification. Noting that US stocks have been the place to be for 3 decades, the firm sees an important place for international equities going forward given the view that the tailwind of rising relative valuations in the US may be behind. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Dan Villalon.

With an early passion for video games and teaching himself programming languages Q-Basic and C, Corey Hoffstein did not expect to ultimately wind up in money management. But exposure to various roles in the industry through an internship started him down the path, helping him see how to marry his love of computer science with markets.Now the CIO of Newfound Research, a firm he co-founded more than a decade ago, Corey is focused on delivering to investors the one free lunch they are entitled to: diversification. We spend most of the discussion here, with an emphasis on “return stacking”, a strategy that Newfound embraces to expand access to diversifying assets. In this light, a topic we spend some time on is trend following, a strategy that has proven to deliver attractive low correlation to stock and bond returns.Corey describes the manner in which the implementation of trend following is similar to the delta hedging of a long volatility position, allowing the strategy to provide some portfolio protection in risk-off events.And with risk-off in mind, we talk as well about “liquidity cascades”, research that Corey and his team have done to highlight the manner in which trades that live and breathe within the market’s ecosystem of risk can create spill-over effects that amplify asset price movements. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Corey Hoffstein.

Your host is back again, providing some thoughts and commentary on the recent period of low volatility in the equity market. With SVB and the debt ceiling uncertainty mostly in the rear-view, markets embraced the calm, experiencing just a single 2% up move and a single 2% down move in the first half of 2023. I break down the causes and consequences of lower volatility. Along the way, you’ll hear some talk on the gamma/theta trade-off, stock bond correlation, the price of upside calls in the S&P 500 and what appears to be an attractive level of implied volatility for gold. Hope you enjoy!

As we cue up some new guests for the Alpha Exchange, some reflections from your host on the Black Scholes model and its 50th anniversary. No model is perfect and traders must grapple with real world frictions not entertained by the model. I discuss how option market participants make adjustments and why. Hope you enjoy!

In a world bubble for the Alpha Exchange podcast, the words vol, carry and convexity would be prominent. And in this episode, featuring Amy Wu Silverman, the Head of Equity Derivatives Strategy at Royal Bank of Canada, we dive into these concepts head on. First, we learn about Amy’s experience in structured rates when, in and around 2007, Fannie and Freddie were the go-to credit to which all kinds of complex instruments were attached.Reflecting on how wrong this ultimately went, she tells us that it often takes the experience of crisis to help us appreciate ways in which market realities can deviate violently from the textbook. We explore some of Amy’s framework, which leans into the value of market prices in helping establish consensus and forming a starting point for investors to map their own distributions of outcomes versus that implied by the market.We then talk about option prices and market risk dynamics today with attention to the huge surge in NVDA and the impact on both option vol surfaces and passive indexation. Amy sees risk in the exceptionally narrow breadth that the surge in NVDA is part of.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Amy Wu Silverman.

There's always a bull market somewhere, and in today's climate of hyper short termism, both volume and commentary are thriving in the land of zero days to expiry options. While the risk characteristics of ODTEs are generally agreed on, the directionality of the flows and resulting positioning remain subjects of vigorous debate. With this in mind, it was a pleasure to welcome Nitin Saksena, the Head of US Equity Derivatives Research at BofA Securities, to the Alpha Exchange.Before embarking on the work that Nitin and team are doing to better understand these ultra short dated options, we survey the landscape of cross-asset vol. Here, Nitin notes that options on certain currency pairs - for example in the Canadian dollar - score on the cheap side on a nominal basis. On a relative basis, rate vol remains substantially high compared to SPX vol as the MOVE index is just 20% off its Covid high while the VIX has declined by 80%.Next, we turn to the risk implications of the substantial flows in daily SPX options. Given the convexity, there are scenarios imagined by some in the industry in which an unwind of wrong-way exposure can accelerate price movements in the index. While respecting the logic of the analysis, Nitin pushes back on the degree to which the flows are one-way, seeing a balance of trades on the long and short side of options. Still, he cautions that because these instruments and the resulting risk exposures are new, we should be carefully monitoring them. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Nitin Saksena.

The hedge that carries positively but delivers convex returns during a market panic is about as elusive as our lawmakers coming together in bipartisan fashion. As head of option strategies at AQR, Roni Israelov not only confirmed this but saw in the empirical data distinctly unpromising results for hedging strategies that utilized put options.Trained with a PhD in Financial Economics from Carnegie Mellon, Roni has spent his career researching complex topics in markets. We explore his paper “Pathetic Protection” and the challenges that arise from paying option premium to reduce risk. Roni sites the path dependency of options as introducing sometimes significant variability in the effectiveness of a program. He also sites the equity risk premium and the vol risk premium as headwinds for success.Our conversation shifts to another interesting topic, “rebalance timing luck”, work that Roni has done in collaboration with Newfound Research. The finding - that the performance of mechanically rebalanced strategies – can rest heavily on the date of rebalance, is especially the case for option strategies like the giant put spread collar on the SPX that is rolled each quarter.Roni is now the President and CIO of NDVR, a firm providing optimized portfolio solutions to individuals, using academic research, technology and tax efficiency. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Roni Israelov.

Welcome to a special edition of the Alpha Exchange, one in which your host and guest are one and the same. Above all, our conversations on this podcast are aimed at helping you think about risk. After all, it was the Spanish philosopher George Santayana who famously said, “those who forget history are doomed to repeat it.”This podcast has three parts. First, an update on a project I’ve been working on, MacroMinds. I created this foundation back in 2019 to raise funding for causes in the NY area focused on student education. Our “business model” is simple – host a once a year, highly differentiated symposium featuring industry leaders who share their insights on the remarkably complex world of investing. On June 7th in NYC, we are doing just that, and I could not be more excited about our incredible agenda.Second, I review a couple of prices in the world of optionality and what they mean in the context of today’s risk dynamics. Specifically, I discuss the fast widening level of CDS written on the US as the reference asset. In the context of the unfolding debt ceiling drama, this instrument is worth keeping an eye on. Next, I review the change in the volatility surface on gold, specifically the emerging bid to upside calls.Lastly, I review some work I did a number of years ago, which I call, simply, “Ten Handy Facts on Vol”. These are characteristics of the behavior of volatility in asset prices and the options that are written on them. I hope you find some value in this exercise and I thank you for listening.

What has experience taught us about consequential market risk events? First, volatility in asset prices can materialize when a strongly held consensus view is shattered. Presented with “new news” – about defaults, about inflation, about earnings – investors may be forced to shed exposures, right-sizing their risk allocations to this new state of the world. Market vol episodes can be especially protracted when the attendant uncertainties do not fit neatly into an Excel spreadsheet.Here, the US debt ceiling checks the boxes. And against the backdrop of an emerging standoff, it was a pleasure to welcome Libby Cantrill, the Head of Public Policy at PIMCO, to the Alpha Exchange. Our discussion explores the sometimes chaotic intersection of politics and markets and the way in which her work is utilized by risk takers at PIMCO. We spend the bulk of our conversation on the debt ceiling and here Libby lays out how the 2023 version has important differences from the 2011 version, specifically in the degree of leverage that the Republicans had then versus now. While of the view that a default is avoided, she sees it as a last minute agreement almost by necessity and with that some market disruption may occur.We finish with a discussion on where 150 million Americans are spending their time, TikTok. Libby helps frame this out in the broader context of the intensifying geostrategic rivalry between the US and China. Noting that “tough on China” has become a bipartisan view, and with the recent spy balloon incident in mind, she sees more catalysts for decoupling on the way, further tension and the potential spillover into the market.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Libby Cantrill.

25 years post the chaotic unwind of Long Term Capital Management, there are lessons a plenty to be gleaned from this event. With this in mind, it was a pleasure to welcome acclaimed writer Roger Lowenstein, author of the famous book “When Genius Failed”, to the Alpha Exchange. His work is a compelling chronical of the vast success but ultimate failure of this storied hedge fund.We discuss some of the philosophical underpinnings of the firm’s risk management framework, focusing on the influence of Nobel Prize winners Myron Scholes and Robert Merton. We review some of LTCMs favorite trades and how in reality they were far less diversified than they appeared. And we discuss the rescue, a messy episode involving banks, the Fed and Warren Buffet, kind of.I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Roger Lowenstein.

Welcome to the Alpha Exchange Q1 2023 Review, in which we assess some of the trends in market risk that have recently been important. We discuss gold, the performance of VIX ETP strategies and the return of traditional risk on/risk off. We also spend time dissecting changes in the shape of the S&P 500 Index volatility skew and commenting on that well known put spread collar. We finish with some information on the MacroMinds Investment Symposium, an event taking place on June 7th in New York City that raises critical funding for education focused charitable organizations. Thank you for listening.

I like to say that you learn the most in markets by studying the periods when things go horribly wrong. And in this spirit, Alpha Exchange guests are often asked to reflect back on risk events of great consequence. 2023 marks the 25th anniversary of the LTCM fiasco, an event too long ago to matter for anyone under the age of 40, even as there are valuable lessons to be had from this giant portfolio unwind. As we look back on this vol event from 1998, it was a pleasure to welcome Nicholas Dunbar, author of “Inventing Money: The Story of Long Term Capital”, to the podcast. With a background in math and physics and with a long stint at Risk Magazine, Nick was well equipped to explain how the effort to conquer markets through the science of derivatives ultimately failed. Along the way, he provides a brief history of how option theory has developed, brings to life key players in the story and dives in to technical details of LTCM’s trades. We learn about the dangers of models, leverage, hubris and crowding all at once. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Nick Dunbar.

There are lies, damn lies and statistics as the saying goes, and about the latter, Adam Parker knows a thing or two. Armed with a Phd in stats, he began his Wall Street career as a semi’s analyst at Sanford Bernstein in 1999. Reflecting back on the deep dive research the firm was known for, he notes that today’s rapid fire information environment requires especially efficient communication to clients.We look backward to gather some insights on how Adam’s framework and process came to be. Markets teach lessons and for Adam, it is the recovery periods – March 2009 and March 2020, for example – that illustrated the need to look past headline negativity and embrace risk when it was difficult to do so. He shares as well the challenges inherent in determining if change – in margins, in profits and stock price, for example – is structural versus cyclical.We shift to Adam’s founding of Trivariate Research, a firm providing top down investment strategy to institutional clients. First, we review some of chaos that ensued 3 years back during the pandemic and learn of some of the factor work that isolated work from home versus re-opening, a theme further distilled by adding a high and low quality factor to each. Next we talk about crowding, an area of focus at Trivariate. Here the team collects data on ownership among a prominent group of stock pickers, aimed at identifying both conviction as well as bad crowding.We round out the conversation by further exploring crowding, but in the context of hidden, overlapping factors. Here Adam talks about his work in the area of signal correlation and how factor sensitivities of sets of stocks can vary substantially over time. The result is a “handle with care” approach to interpreting model outputs. I hope you enjoy this episode of the Alpha Exchange, my conversation with Adam Parker.