Addressing Gettysburg

We all know that during the Gettysburg Campaign in 1863, JEB Stuart was "ridin' 'round up North gettin' his name in the papers." Undoubtedly, he ain't caused nothing but a little fuss. But what about his foray into the Keystone State in 1862? Well, Tracy Baer joins us to fill us in on that lesser-known raid. I'm learning. You're learning. Let's learn together. I'll continue to do the heavy-lifting finding and interviewing guests and all I ask from you is your support to keep AG going and growing. You can hear the rest of this episode and hundreds of others by joining here www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Season 13 begins with LBG Deb Novotny joining us to talk about Civil War battle flags, particularly those that led regiments across the fields here at Gettysburg. Such stories involve the 26th North Carolina's boy-colonel Henry K. Burgwyn, the 16th Maine tearing their flag to shreds in order to save it from capture and more! SUPPORT THE SHOW I'm learning, you're learning, so let's learn together. I'll do the heavy lifting by finding and booking guests and producing ooodles of content to further our education. All I ask of you is your support to keep it going and growing. Here are a few ways you can do it: Support the sponsors in the ads on the show Grab a bag of delicious Little Ground Top Coffee www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe Join our Officers' Club www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg Grab some merch from the thumbnails below this video or here www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Join us for Tacos and Trivia at the Seminary on February 15 https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/events/tacos-and-trivia-0215

As promised, we're back to releasing Patreon episodes. Thanks for giving me that two month reprieve from uploading in order to catch up. So... Carrie Janney was in town back in November for the Fortenbaugh Lecture at Gettysburg College. The next day, she was in the studio to sit and talk about the fascinating Rebel-turned-American-again, John S Mosby. Mosby was a headache for Yankee troops operating in NOVA , but he was much more than just a guerrilla leader. After the war, Mosby became a reformed Rebel and a big target for the Lost Causers of his day. Carrie and I dig into who the man was and the many things he did in anticipation of her upcoming book. I'm learning, you're learning, so let's learn together! You can hear the rest of this episode in its entirety AND you can learn more about the Civil War with me WHILE supporting our efforts to bring it to you by join us at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Back in 2021, Bo Brinkman and I interviewed actor Tom Berenger about, not only his role in Gettysburg, but his career as well. Take a trip down memory lane with and enjoy this classic episode of Addressing Gettysburg. We're busy recording new shows for 2025 and--guess what-- our patrons have already heard them and stored the information in their notebooks and brains. Join them and never wait again! Please go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

LBG Deb Novotny joins us for the first time to talk about Evergreen Cemetery, the private cemetery adjacent to Gettysburg National Cemetery. "Cemetery Hill" gets its name from Evergreen. It's home to many famous names from the Battle of Gettysburg, the civilian population during the battle and even a Pittsburgh Steeler and movie actor. If you ever get the chance when you visit Gettysburg, you must make time to stroll through Evergreen Cemetery. You won't be disappointed. ~JOIN US for TACOS and TRIVIA~ Together with the Seminary Ridge Museum and Education Center, it's our second annual Tacos and Trivia night, Saturday, February 15, 2025 @ 6pm. Get your tickets here https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/events/tacos-and-trivia-0215 JOIN the 530+ brave digital history PIONEERS at our Patreon Channel www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

JOIN US FOR TACOS AND TRIVIA at the Seminary! February 15, 2025 https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/events/tacos-and-trivia-0215 This week's classic AG episode is from the bleak restriction-laden year of 2020. Bob Steenstra, Tim Smith, Roy Frampton and Matt braved the chilly air and sat atop East Cemetery Hill near that tree in front of Rickett's Battery and behind the Howard statue to record an show about Gettysburg National Cemetery. Perhaps the piece of information that blew listeners' minds at the time was the melody that the poem "The Bivouac of the Dead" fits percfectly with. ORIGNAL SHOW NOTES: LBG Roy Frampton joins Matt, Bob and Tim from near the Howard Statue on East Cemetery Hill. While this Ask A Gettysburg Guide is about the National Cemetery, we didn't think four people on lawn chairs talking into microphones would look appropriate in the cemetery itself. So, we went across the street. In this episode, we cover topics such as: -USCT graves -the cemetery during the battle and the monuments within it -A confederate mass grave in the Annex? -Revelry in the town the night before the Dedication -Confederate soldiers buried among the Union dead -boxes containing the personal effects taken from the "Unknown" soldiers -The Bivouac of the Dead matching up with the melody of Gilligan's Island -methods used to identify the dead -families recovering their buried soldiers and which unit has the most soldiers buried in its section. As always, this is brought to you by the awesome support of our Patrons. Become one today by clicking here. Don't forget to support our sponsors who are still doing modified-business during the lockdown. www.gettysbike.com www.victorianphotostudio.com www.masondixondistillery.com Copyright 2020. All rights reserved

Tim Smith joined the ladies of That's What She Said to talk about Gettysburg's most famous female, Jennie Wade. After they sign off, I left the audio in as they take questions from our First Lieutenants who watched the recording session.

ORIGINAL AIR DATE: March 8, 2020 ORIGINAL NOTES: "Jim Pangburn is back in the studio with us for our tenth Ask A Gettysburg Guide. What do we cover on this episode? Let's see: did Longstreet dawdle? - medal of honor winners - Doubleday's removal from command of the First Corps - substitutes - Civil War soldier basic training - Batteries on Benner's hill This is free because of our sponsors and our generous Patrons. Please consider becoming a Patron and/or supporting our sponsors to keep the show going. Outro music, "Garryowen" arranged and performed by Billy Webster." PATREON- www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg LITTLE GROUND TOP COFFEE- www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe

Matt Atkinson, Gettysburg National Military Park R. E. Lee stands today as one of the most influential military leaders in world history. But what were his upbringing, education and experiences that molded the man? Join Ranger Matt Atkinson and explore Lee's life before the Civil War. This lecture was originally released on February 18, 2023 and is being re-released now as part of our "Classic Rewind" season. Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg Pepping-up with Little Ground Top- www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books Joining our book club. Email [email protected] Joining our Film Club- [email protected] Supporting Our Sponsors: Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/ For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com Buy Billy Webster's Music- Billy Webster arranged and performed the rendition of "Garryowen" that you hear at the end of the show. https://billysongs.com "Garryowen" by Billy Webster

Karlton Smith, Gettysburg National Military Park This program looks at the military career of Brig. Gen. John Gibbon, focusing on his Civil War service, especially Gettysburg. It will also look at Gibbon's post war service on the frontier and his attitude concerning the Native Americans he encountered. Enjoy this and all AG shows in 2025 while sippinig a delicious cup of Little Ground Top- www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe And, while you're at it, help this podcast of the People, by the People and FOR the People go and grow by becoming a Patron. It is our mission to get to the truth of our Civil War as best as we can through exploration of various topics with renowned historians, amateur historians, Licensed Battlefield Guides, professors and more. You can explore with us with up to FOUR additional episodes per month by joining at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

ORIGINAL AIRDATE December 23, 2019 This is the continuation of Ask A Gettysburg Guide #3 with Tim Smith. Apparently, back then it didn't occur to me to make a long episode and instead I split it in two. Or maybe there was another reason that I've forgotten. Either way, enjoy. There original shownotes: Merry Christmas! It's time for the final Ask A Gettysburg Guide of 2019. Bob Steenstra and Tim Smith continue with the questions that we couldn't fit into the previous Ask A Gettysburg Guide. Instagrammers who answered the call for questions in this episode are: @Soldier_Up_ @SJcolmus @Mrsmaestas2 @civil_war_Nerd @Cwhitt @Tylerfashistory Follow us on Facebook and Instagram and if you want to book a tour with any of the guides you hear on our podcast, email [email protected] and I will put you in touch with one.

As we take a backward glance at our extensive (dad)body of work for the sake of our new listeners who might not go all the way back to the beginning and work their way forward, we chose this episode to be our first. Back in the old days, when Ask A Gettysburg Guide began, we hadn't, yet, fleshed-out the format of the show. Back then, it was a shotgun-approach: listeners sent in questions and I asked the guides for the answers. LBG Bob Steenstra was my cohost and would be until The Rona hit. Tim Smith was a frequent guest and was the first guide to come on the show as a guest. This is Episode 3, one of a two parter. This show "aired" on December 23, 2019. Here are the original shownotes: It's time for another Ask A Gettysburg Guide! This time we received so many questions that we had to make this into two episodes. That means next week there will be another just in time for Christmas! In this episode we take questions from Instagrammers: The Great Tronetti @HistorywithBrad @GrantHarvey15 @NCHistoryNerd @CWhitt @Veronica Brestensky @Civil_War_Footsteps @Soldier_up_ @SJcolums @Mrsmeastas2 If you would like to be put in contact with Bob, Tim or any of the guides we feature on Addressing Gettysburg, let me know! Email [email protected] Get your oodles of bags of our delicous coffee, Little Ground Top, here www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe Our Patreon channel was launched right around the time this episode came out about the Battle of Gettysburg. Podcast listening is an easy way to learn about your favorite subjects and, in our case, become a part of an online and in-person community. Support the going and growing of Addressing Gettysburg AND gain a deeper knowledge and appreciation of the Civil War (among other things) by joining here www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

It's the holidays and Garry Adelman joined us to take YouTube viewers' questions LIVE about just about anything they wanted relating to the Battle of Gettysburg Make the Holiday break morning's delicious with Little Ground Top coffee from Bantam Roasters and Addressing Gettysburg www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe As always, we keep this going because of our generous and loyal Patrons at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . 'tis the season to join them. Learn the rules of the incredibly fun game known as "Grumble Jones" on our website www.addressinggettysburg.com

Carolyn Ivanoff joins us to talk about her great book "We Fought at Gettysburg: Firsthand Accounts by the Survivors of the 17th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry". This book is a MUST HAVE in your Gettysburg library. Press play to find out why. There are hundreds of episodes like this on our Patreon page and our Patrons have chosen this as one of the episodes they want to share with you. Thank them by joining their ranks at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

During the holiday season we are giving all non-Patrons a gift, from AG and our Patrons to you, the non-Patrons. It is the gift of knowledge that Patrons are gaining in such quantities that their tummies hurt. Here is another episode that they highly recommended for you. In this episode, the first installment of many, historian Richard Condon joins Matt to begin the daunting task of learning about Reconstruction, which, you may know, probably has more to do with our understanding of the Civil War than the war itself, at least what's known officially as The Reconstruction Era which begins in 1865. But, it began in 1861 and Rich explains how. Still stinging from that whopper of a guide exam? Ya didn't believe us when we said that our Patreon content would help you. Did ya? Well, prepare for the next one by finally joining our community. Become a Patron at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg today and make the Yuletide bright for yourself. Happy Holidays!

It's December and that means it's time to share with you full Patreon episodes from 2024. This time, our Patrons weighed-in on what they thought were the 5 best episodes of the year. So, we listened to them and are gifting them to you because even "free" listens help Addressing Gettysburg. In this episode, we hear from John Michael Priest, author of "Stand To It and Give Them Hell." Due to a commiunciation error on my part, I wasn't able to prepare like I typically do for a book-based interview, but, when has that stopped me before? John and I decided to wing it and, somehow, it ended up as a Patron favorite. We hope you enjoy. And if you do enjoy it, please consider becoming a Patron in 2025, or maybe gifting a membership to the Gettysnerd in your family. We have big plans to expand what Addressing Gettysburg does in 2025 and, since we're listener-supported, we need YOUR help! So, if you can, go to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

LBG Chris Army is joined by hater-turned-Patron Dwayne. Som eknow him as "McNair." Dwayne has done extensive research on Scales' Brigade and asked if he could sit in on an Ask A Guide. We love to include our Patrons in whatever they can contribute to, so, of course, I said yes. Scales Brigade (from its Brigade Plaque): C. S. A. Army of Northern Virginia Hills Corps Pender's Division Scales's Brigade 13th 16th 22nd 34th 38th North Carolina Infantry July 1. Crossed Willoughby Run about 3.30 P. M. relieving Heth's line and advancing with left flank on Chambersburg Pike took part in the struggle until it ended. When the Union forces made their final stand on Seminary Ridge the Brigade charged and aided in dislodging them but suffered heavy losses. Gen. A. M. Scales was wounded and all the field officers but one were killed or wounded. July 2. In position near here with skirmishers out in front and on flank. July 3. In Longstreet's assault the Brigade supported the right wing of Pettigrew's Division. With few officers to lead them the men advanced in good order through a storm of shot and shell and when the front line neared the Union works they pushed forward to aid it in the final struggle and were among the last to retire. July 4. After night withdrew and began the march to Hagerstown. Present about 1250 Killed 102 Wounded 381 Missing 116 Total 599 Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Now with a FREE TRIAL for 2nd Lieutenants Subscribing to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@addressinggettysburg Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38 Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books Joining our book club: Email [email protected] to get in! Joining our Film Club: Email [email protected] to get in! Enjoying our coffee LITTLE GROUND TOP- www.addressinggettysburg/com/cafe or at Bantam Roasters, 82 Steinwehr Ave Support our scheduler Dave's store TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com Supporting Our Sponsors: You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/ For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com Music possibly by: "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Historian and Patron Kenneth Gavin joins us to talk about Gettysburg during the American Revolution. That's right, it existed before July 1, 1863. This is Part 1 of a 2-part series exploring the make-up of the town, how it contributed to the war effort, the economy and more. I really enjoyed learning about Gettysburg in a different era of American history and I think you will too. Ken is an engaging guest and we will have him on often. Join Ken and hundreds of other highly intelligent Gettysnerds on our Patreon channel www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg Or, gift a membership to your beloved Gettysnerd https://www.patreon.com/AddressingGettysburg/gift?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR2gW8KuD1FKzZSKLsnL844CNqQUIOH81ekBhuMTuN9jbpQKZcOoG2eGtBQ_aem_pbkVWyIGepx9etfU8ynQ2w OR buy only this episode https://www.patreon.com/posts/four-score-and-1-116078660?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link

LBG Paul Bailey joins us for the first time on an Ask A Guide to talk about the Army of the Potomac's Major General John Newton. A Virginian who remained loyal to his oath to the United States of America, Newton participated in the construction of the Washington defenses, led a brigade in the Peninsula Campaign and worked his way up to the rank of major general and controversially commanding the 1st Corps here at Gettysburg. There's so much more to this man and Paul tells us in an engaging way. Support Addressing Gettysburg by: -Joining Patreon www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg -Grabbing a bag or ten of our first coffee brand, Little Ground Top www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe -Visiting the Gettysburg Museum of History at 219 Baltimore Street in Gettysburg www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com -Visiting the Seminary Ridge Museum and Education Center https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/ -Grabbing some great merch from our shop www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop or from our friend Dave at TR Historical www.trhistorical.com -Reading a book from For The Historian www.forthehistorian.com

Britt Isenberg joins us for the first time on AG to talk about the 21st Pa Cavalry. You might know that George Washington Sandoe was the first Union soldier to be killed in the BOG, but did you know all of the other things we talk about in this episode? Maybe a good deal. Probably some. Regardless, you should listen. You'll like Britt and you'll find the information compelling...or else! Enjoy Listen to this episode by becoming a Patron, in a FREE 7-day trial or make a one-time purchase here www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Dr. Ashley Whitehead Luskey joins Beth and Ronnie to discuss the First Lady of the Confederacy, Varina Davis; her life and love with ol' Jeff Davis and their sad post-war existence. If you support women's history, then please become a patron so That's What She Said and the rest of Addressing Gettysburg can continue. www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

The citizens of Gettysburg didn't only sacrifice during and after the battle. Like Americans all across the county, the Civil War affected them in many way. Ken Rich joins us on Patreon to talk about the cost Gettysburgians paid from 1861-1865 Join us on Patreon! You'll learn so much more while keeping this show alive www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Since 1915, Gettysburg has featured an elite force of historians known as Licensed Battlefield Guides. In recognition of the guide exam being given on December 7, 2024, Jasan Hileman came by to share the history of the guides. Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Now with a FREE TRIAL for 2nd Lieutenants Enjoying our coffee LITTLE GROUND TOP- www.addressinggettysburg/com/cafe or at Bantam Roasters, 82 Steinwehr Ave Subscribing to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@addressinggettysburg Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38 Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books Joining our book club: Email [email protected] to get in! Joining our Film Club: Email [email protected] to get in! Support our scheduler Dave's store TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com Supporting Our Sponsors: You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com Music possibly by: "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Author Ron Kirkwood comes in to talk about the sequel to his book "Too Much For Human Endurance" entitled "Tell Mother Not To Worry". In this interview, we fly by the seat of our pants because I messed up not realizing I had received a digital copy of the book while waiting for a hard copy. Silly Matt. But Ron is easy to talk to and it came out pretty good, much to our surprise. Hear the rest of this episode and help keep Addressing Gettysburg going and growing so we can bring you MORE Gettysburg and Civil War history www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Ralph Siegel. 6 Questions Lentz. Joe from Peach Orchard Publishing. How could it get any better? How about questions from listeners via email and phone calls? Also, the subject matter: Carl Shurz, an interesting fellow. Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Now with a FREE TRIAL for 2nd Lieutenants Subscribing to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@addressinggettysburg Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38 Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books Joining our book club: Email [email protected] to get in! Joining our Film Club: Email [email protected] to get in! Enjoying our coffee LITTLE GROUND TOP- www.addressinggettysburg/com/cafe or at Bantam Roasters, 82 Steinwehr Ave Support our scheduler Dave's store TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com Supporting Our Sponsors: You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/ For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com Music possibly by: "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Historian Carolyn Ivanoff sits down with Bethany and Veronica to talk about the one and only Clara Barton. Clarissa Barton was an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and a patent clerk. Since nursing education was not then very formalized and she did not attend nursing school, she provided self-taught nursing care. This episode is over a year old! Our Patreons have been listening to it that long. Beyond that, their feedback has helped the show develop, as you'll see as these episodes continue to come out. Folks, seriously, we feel so bad for you for being late to the party. Help yourself to help yourself. Join us www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

The Order of Battle of the Army of Northern Virginia at the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, 3, 1863, as found in Edwin Coddington's "The Gettysburg Campaign: A Study in Command."

John Miller from the Shippensburg Historical Society sat down with me two years ago in the old shed-studio to talk about Shippensburg during the Gettysburg Campaign. Hear the rest of this episode and almost 300 others by joining out Patreon channel. www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

The Gettysburg Cyclorama is something to behold. It's an engineering marvel, an art marvel and has its own fascinating story from creation to where it now resides at the GNMP Museum and Visitor Center. LBG Chris Brenneman joins us for the first time to talk about it. Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Now with a FREE TRIAL for 2nd Lieutenants Subscribing to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@addressinggettysburg Subscribing to our Rumble Channel: https://rumble.com/user/AddressingGettysburg Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38 Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books Joining our book club: Email [email protected] to get in! Joining our Film Club: Email [email protected] to get in! Supporting Our Sponsors: LITTLE GROUND TOP- www.addressinggettysburg/com/cafe or at Bantam Roasters, 82 Steinwehr Ave - DELICIOUS! You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com Baer Sign- www.baersign.com The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/ For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com Music possibly by: "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

James Hessler joins us again to talk about Humprehys' Division of Dan Sickles' III Corps. This episode must be good because Jim has been asking me when it will be released since we recorded it in February. So, enjoy this episode with the Hessler Seal of Approval. Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Now with a FREE TRIAL for 2nd Lieutenants Subscribing to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@addressinggettysburg Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38 Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books Joining our book club: Email [email protected] to get in! Joining our Film Club: Email [email protected] to get in! Supporting Our Sponsors: LITTLE GROUND TOP- www.addressinggettysburg/com/cafe or at Bantam Roasters, 82 Steinwehr Ave You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com Help Historian Eric Wittenberg Fight Cancer: https://www.gofundme.com/f/please-consider-helping-eric-and-susan-wittenberg Baer Sign- www.baersign.com Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/ For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com Music possibly by: "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

If you are studying for the guide exam or just want to know the battle inside and out, then I have something to help you. This is actually a recording I've been dreading editing (lots of tongue-ties and stumbles to cut out) since 2019 when I recorded it. It can be found in Coddington's book. I hope it helps. These will help you too https://www.lulu.com/search?contributor=Stephen+Lunsford&page=1&pageSize=10&adult_audience_rating=00 Plus joining this https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg ANV Order of Battle Coming soon

Our friend David Martin is back and, this time, talking about my home state of New Jersey at Gettysburg. Basically, we sat around and ate gabagool while hurling insults at people who were busy fighting the battle. That's a joke. I just wanted to say "gabagool." New Jersey was just quite active here and involved in many of the major actions of the battle. David also has a guide book "New Jersey at Gettysburg" available here

LBGs Ralph Siegel and Jessie Wheedleton care. They care about ye who want to become guides here at Gettysburg. Therefore, they're on the show to clue you in to the realities of guiding. Are you going to be that "Rock Star Guide" you fantasized about night after night? Or are you most likely going to give tours to sweaty, bored families, dreaming about their reservation at the Chinese Buffet? Actually, the buffet is good, so I wouldn't blame them. But, the latter is the answer. But they answer many other questions besides that one. So, sit back, open your mind and hit play. If you're driving, sit up straight, 10 and 2, and press play. This episode is brought to you by the highly intelligent members of our Officers Club at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg AND The most historically delicious coffee you've ever had: LITTLE GROUND TOP www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe

THIS EPISODE DROPS LIVE ON PATREON at 7:30 AM EST TODAY! Join and listen with fellow Gettysnerds You know how we like to do a series of shows on one topic. Right? Right. Well, this episode is the first on the subject of Reconstruction. I know, I know. You're saying "Reconstruction? How boring." Or maybe, "Reconstruction? Whatever, dude." And some of you are probably saying things I haven't anticipated and probably don't want to hear anyway. Rich Condon joins us to talk about Reconstruction during the war. That's right. It started during the war, not after. See? Interesting already. Seriously, to understand our country today, we must include the Reconstruction Era and not just the war. A lot of the nonsense we were raised to believe about the war came about in this period. thus, we embark on our journey into how to rebuild a country that you just destroyed. Enjoy! The Guide Exam is coming and you're nervous. We can feel it. That's why we've been working for 5 years on our Patreon channel to build a library of episodes for you to devour about so many aspects and angles of the Battle of Gettysburg, its actions, participants and the Civil War Era as a whole. There are literally hundreds of episodes waiting for you there. These episodes feature guests from all walks in the history field. Even actors from the movie (you don't think you'll be asked about the movie on a tour?). We even go so far as to interview modern-day combat vets about their experiences so that you might understand what the Civil War soldiers might have gone through. You're really missing out if you're not a 1st or 2nd Lieutenant on Patreon. You can even try a FREE 7-day trial so that you can see why 9 out o 11 chiropractors agree that being a Patron of Addressing Gettysburg is the best way to truly understand the Battle of Gettysburg. See you there!

We are very proud to present the first episode of our first "spin-off" podcast, "That's What She Said", hosted by Bethany Yingling and Veronica "Ronnie Ronstadt" Brestenksy, women. In their inaugural episode, Beth and Ronnie are joined by Licensed Town Guide Rosanne Zajko to talk about one tough lady: Elizabeth Thorn, who dug almost 100 graves while 6 months pregnant. This episode is brought to you by our Patrons. Did you know they heard this episode a full year ago? Membership has it's privileges. www.patreon.com/adressinggettysburg

LBG Charlie Fennell is back to talk about who he thinks the heroes of Culp's Hill are, well, just SOME of them. If you're studying for the guide exam, you will want to make sure you listen to this episode. You'll also want to make sure you join us on Patreon for hundreds of epsiodes about, not only, the Battle of Gettysburg, but the Civil War as a whole, which you also need to know. Plus, you'll be supporting our show which you might find yourself on after you're licensed! Win-win-win. Goo to www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Now with a FREE TRIAL for 2nd Lieutenants LITTLE GROUND TOP- https://www.addressinggettysburg/com/cafe or at Bantam Roasters, 82 Steinwehr Ave Subscribing to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@addressinggettysburg Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38 Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books Joining our book club: Email [email protected] to get in! Joining our Film Club: Email [email protected] to get in! Supporting Our Sponsors: You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com Help Historian Eric Wittenberg Fight Cancer: https://www.gofundme.com/f/please-consider-helping-eric-and-susan-wittenberg Baer Sign- www.baersign.com The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/ Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/ For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com Music possibly by: "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Susan Wall is a living historian who can often be found doing her thing at the George Spangler Farm. If you haven't gone out there yet, make sure you do as soon as you get the chance. The farm was carefully and truthfully restored to its 1863 appearance through diligent research by the Gettysburg Foundation and is well worth your time. In this episode, Susan tells us what the USSC did to assist the troops while here in Gettysburg. Oh boy! There are hundreds of episodes on our Patreon page and they feature historians from all over the Civil War field, Licensed Battlefield Guides and more! If you're thinking you can go without these episodes before taking the guide exam, you might kick yourself come January. That's why 6 out 10 botonists agree that being a 1st or 2nd Lieutenant on Patreon is a game changer for anyone who wants to really understand the battle and the war. So join us at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg.com

Stephen Evangelista is back with another book. This time, it's about the history of the fabled "Gettysburg Gun", one of the artillery pieces which was disabled during the fighting near the Angle on July 3, 1863. Get your copies of "Forever Silenced" and "Our Story" here www.evangelistabooks.com Studying for the guide exam? Of course, we all are. Find out why 9 out 10 dentists agree that commissioning yourself a 1st or 2nd Lieutenant in our Officers' Club will help you improve your knowledge of the Battle of Gettysburg and the Civil War. Join the Addressing Gettysburg OFFICERS' CLUB at www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

Tom Huntington is back on the show to talk about his book Searching For George Gordon Meade. Naturally, we meander off-topic for a bit, but it's all relevant stuff. Don't forget to check out Tom's blog too! Here's the books' description: "While researching Searching for George Gordon Meade: The Forgotten Victor of Gettysburg, author Tom Huntington visited a severed leg, a buried arm, and a horse's head. He also hiked across Civil War battlefields, recited the names of fallen soldiers at a candlelit ceremony at Gettysburg, and drank a champagne toast in a Philadelphia cemetery on New Year's Eve. It was all part of his quest to learn more about the man who commanded the victorious Union army at the Civil War's Battle of Gettysburg, yet has been unfairly overlooked by history in the years since. Although in command of the Army of the Potomac for a mere three days before the battle, Major General George Gordon Meade managed to defeat Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia during three days of vicious fighting. The cantankerous general remained in command of the army for the rest of the war even as he watched his reputation decline. "I suppose after awhile it will be discovered I was not at Gettysburg at all," he griped in a letter to his wife. Searching for George Gordon Meade is not your typical Civil War biography. While Huntington does tell the story of Meade's life, he also provides first-person accounts of his visits to the battlefields where Meade fought and museums that cover the Civil War. He includes his conversations with experts, enthusiasts, curators, park rangers and even a Meade impersonator to get their insights. The result is a compelling mash-up of history, biography, travel and journalism that touches both past and present." Studying for the guide exam and you're not yet a Patron? Hoofah! With hundreds of episodes covering everything from the poltical, cultural and military aspects of the 1860s, as well as shows with your potential future colleagues about the Battle of Gettysburg to learn from, you'll be doing yourself a favor when you join and binge all 300+ episodes from now until December. Join here www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg and find out why even currently licensed guides are Patrons. 1st and 2nd Lieutenants get every episode released in a month

Season 12 begins with LBG Tracy Baer coming on to talk about Major General Samuel Wylie Crawford the man, the soldier and a Gettysburg hero. Support the Show by: Becoming a Patron- https://www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg . Now with a FREE TRIAL for 2nd Lieutenants Subscribing to our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@addressinggettysburg Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6394Y8C2XUH38 Grabbing some merch- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/shop Getting a book- https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/books Joining our book club: Email [email protected] to get in! Joining our Film Club: Email [email protected] to get in! Supporting Our Sponsors: You best be visiting our Studio Sponsor, The Gettysburg Museum of History- www.gettysburgmuseumofhistory.com Baer Sign- www.baersign.com The Association of Licensed Battlefield Guides https://gettysburgtourguides.org/albgseminar/ Mike Scott Voice- https://www.mikescottvoice.com Seminary Ridge Museum- https://www.seminaryridgemuseum.org/ For the Historian- Mention us for 20% off retail sales (in store) plus free shipping (online)- https://www.forthehistorian.com The Badgemaker- https://www.civilwarcorpsbadges.com Civil War Trails- https://www.civilwartrails.com Get your bags of Little Ground Top here www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe Buy Billy Webster's Album "Marching Through Georgia - https://billysongs.com TRHistorical: www.trhistorical.com Music possibly by: "Garryowen" by Billy Webster: www.billysongs.com Camp Chase Fifes & Drums: https://www.campchasefifesanddrums.org California Consolidated Drum Band check them out here: https://www.facebook.com/CCDrumBand Kevin MacLeod: www.incompetech.com The Federal City Brass Band- www.jvmusic.net

Marc Charisse is the former editor of the Hanover Evening Sun and, now, he hosts showings of the historic Gettysburg Electric Map. We discuss its history from creation to destruction by the park service to recovery and rehabilitation by private citizens with a love and respect for our history and the artifacts associated with it. Marc is also a magician and he showed me some tricks that only made me feel stupid once I learned how they work. You can visit the map to this day. Marc gives the info in the show.

This is the audio from a YouTube video. If you want to see it, here's the link https://youtu.be/EW88gyBzhEU Since we are on hiatus from our live shows in the month of July, I put together this compilation as a tribute to one of my favorite guests and friend, Pete Carmichael, who passed away on July 21. These are his appearances on our show AG TODAY in part or in their entirety. If you'd like to watch the episodes in their entirety, they are listed below. EDITOR'S NOTE: These videos were downloaded from YouTube so you might find differences in audio quality and picture quality between clips.

ORIGINAL AIR DATE June 12 2023 on our Patreon page released now for FREE in memory of Peter Carmichael. Here's one for those of you out there hungering for more Southern stuff. Our buddy Dr. Peter Carmichael came to the studio to talk about Confederate reactions to the Battle of Gettysburg. Peter S. Carmichael received his Ph.D. in History from Penn State University in 1996. His academic interests include 19th-century US history, Civil War and Reconstruction, southern history, public history and cultural history. Carmichael's most recent book, The War for the Common Soldier, was published by University of North Carolina Press in November 2018 as part of the Littlefield History of the Civil War Era series. The culmination of nearly ten years' work, this cultural history of soldiering in Civil War armies explores how soldiers endured the brutal and unpredictable existence of army life during the war years, drawing heavily on close examination of the letters and records left behind by individual soldiers from both the North and the South.His previous books include The Last Generation: Young Virginians in Peace, War, and Reunion (UNC, 2005) and Lee's Young Artillerist: William R. J. Pegram (Virginia, 1995). In addition to his books, he has also published a number of articles for both scholarly and popular journals, and he speaks frequently to general and scholarly audiences. Carmichael has recently appeared on the PBS Robert E. Lee documentary for the American Experience series and on the popular TV show "Who Do You Think You Are." View Professor Carmichael's talks on C-SPAN.After completing his doctorate at Penn State University under Dr. Gary W. Gallagher, Professor Carmichael went on to teach at Western Carolina University, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and West Virginia University, before coming to Gettysburg College.In addition to holding seasonal interpretive positions at several National Park Service sites, Carmichael served as Gettysburg National Military Park's first Scholar-in-Residence in 1999, and has developed a lasting relationship with the NPS. In addition to overseeing multiple interpretive workshops for National Park Service staff, he directed a 2010 seminar at Gettysburg NMP to discuss new interpretive approaches to the Civil War sesquicentennial and co-directed (with Jill Ogline Titus) the joint GC/GNMP conference, The Future of Civil War History: Looking Beyond the 150th in 2013.

In memory of our great friend, Dr. Peter Carmichael, here is a re-release of the first time he came on our show. The introduction mentions Christmas because it was first release for free on December 26, 2020 during our Christmas Patreon promotion season. This conversation is the first time I met him and spoke with him and, from there, a friendship bloomed. If you haven't yet read his book The War for the Common Soldier do yourself a favor and pick one up www.forthehistorian.com

Dr. Jennifer Murray is an Associate Professor at Oklahoma State University, History, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 2021 - present. She is also a personal friend of mine. When we get together socially, we rarely talk about our lives in a format like we do on this show, so, this was an opportunity for me to get to know a friend better and to introduce her to you as a person, not just an historian behind a book or at a podium. Enjoy. Dr. Jennifer M. Murray is American military historian, with a research and teaching specialization in the U.S. Civil War. She is a native of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and moved to Oklahoma in 2018. Research Interests: Her first book, On A Great Battlefield: The Making, Management, and Memory of Gettysburg National Military Park, 1933-2013 was published by the University of Tennessee Press in 2014. While Gettysburg is the most studied battle of the Civil War, On A Great Battlefield offers a pioneering interpretation that moves the discussion beyond the July 1863 battle to an exploration of the history of the battlefield landscape. Her research considers the nexus of preservation, interpretation, and memory at Gettysburg National Military Park from 1933, when the National Park Service acquired the battlefield, through the battle's sesquicentennial in 2013. A second edition of this book, with a new preface, was published in June 2023. Dr. Murray's current book project, tentatively titled, "Meade at War: The Military Life of George Gordon Meade" is a biography of Union general George Gordon Meade. Her research on Meade affords an opportunity to explore issues of high command within a fractured and politicized Army of the Potomac and addresses questions on the nature of civil-military relations, popular opinion, the media, and notions of a decisive battle. After you get your bag of our first coffee brand, Little Ground Top ( www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe ) head over to here and become a member to hear the rest of this interview and help us accomplish soooooo much more ( www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg )

Peter Vermilyea is on to talk about his book Litchfield County and the Civil War . This is an interesting topic and the deepest of dives to take, but it's not without its mysteries and scandals. Become a Patron to support the on-going efforts of AG and hear the rest of this episode. www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg

GNMP Communications Specialist Jason Martz joins us for the first time to update us on Little Round Top's reopening, mostly, but we dip our toes into the complicated and confusing issue that has recently curbed many people's enjoyment of the Park: PERMITS! We briefly get into the how, why and what of them so that you and I can understand just what's going on. This episode is brought to you by our delicious coffee brand Little Ground Top(TM) available here www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe or at Bantam Roasters at 82 Steinwehr Ave in Gettysburg.

Don't forget to delight your coffee-loving tastebuds with our first coffee brand "Little Ground Top". Grab a bag next time you're in town at Bantam Roasters (82 Steinwehr Ave) or have some sent to your home or office by ordering at www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe Also, I almost died making these in a week and a half, but our studio computer's hard drive actually did die in the process. RIP. So, become a Patron! www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg As Dawn approached on July 3, Robert E. Lee considered his options. The attacks of the day before had achieved limited success, with the capture of ground, the wrecking of the Federal Third Corps and the bloodying of two others. Yet, the Confederates had not accomplished their objective of driving the Union soldiers off of Cemetery Hill. It had been touch-and-go many times, but every breakthrough had been met with Union reinforcements. But, in war, even limited success could be considered something to build on to achieve victory. According to his after-battle report, Lee wrote that the plan had remained unchanged from the day before. Reinforcing their gains on Culp's Hill from the night before and renewing the attack on the Union Right would be Richard Ewell's Corps. During the growing darkness of the night before, the Confederates had captured some vacant Union fortifications. A renewal of the attacks on the Union position could threaten the Army of the Potomac and their avenue of resupply along the Baltimore Pike. At the same time, reinforced with a fresh division of Virginians under George Pickett, James Longstreet was to renew his attack from the day before on the southern end of the battlefield on the Union Left. While such a plan was indicated in his report after the battle, Longstreet would contend that he did not receive orders to that effect the night before when he had visited with Lee. It was a confusion of orders that would ultimately lead to inaction on the southern end of the battlefield on the morning of July 3. The same could not be said about what occurred on the Union Right. The Union forces would initiate an attack for the first time since the battle began. Union 12th Corps soldiers returning from being sent to reinforce the southern end of the battlefield would find in the darkness of the morning that the fortifications they had built were now occupied by some squatters with unfriendly dispositions. When informed of this, Union 12th Corps commander Henry Slocum declared that the men of the 12th Corps would drive them out in the morning. At around 4 in the morning, the Union artillery opened fire. A Union artillerist would later write, "We poured shot and shell into them." These missiles of death and destruction would splinter trees and send branches careening to the earth and on top of Rebel soldiers. This morning, the fighting on Culp's Hill foreshadowed what the war would become. It was not the pageantry of bayonets gleaming in the sunlight, banners fluttering in the air, or officers leading their men with their hats on the tips of their swords across open fields. Instead, wave upon wave of Rebel soldiers, including the vaunted Stonewall Brigade, would throw themselves into the hellfire sent their way by the enemy in relative safety behind breastworks or in trenches. Some Union soldiers reported that they fired as many as 200 rounds. Still, the Confederates came on as reinforcements arrived. Every attack was futile and found limited or no success. But the futile attacks were not restricted to the Confederates that morning. The 2nd Massachusetts and the 27th Indiana were ordered to charge across Spangler's Meadow toward Confederates behind a stone wall. Lt. Colonel Mudge, upon receiving the order, stated, "It is murder, but it is the order." Then, to his men, he yelled, "Up, men, over the works! Forward, double quick !" Both regiments would attack and were bloodily repulsed. Mudge, who had been a sparring partner of Robert E. Lee's son at Harvard before the war, would be killed in the attempt. By late morning, the last Confederate attacks from Maryland and Virginia units were repulsed, and the fighting died down. No ground was gained, and the Union forces still held the critical high ground covering the Baltimore Pike. There had been no attack on the southern end of the battlefield. Still, Lee had one final option: the division under George Pickett. Lee, now, turned his attention to the Union Center. Lee had often asked his men to do the unthinkable before the Battle of Gettysburg. Almost every time, they had delivered him victory. So long as there was a chance for victory with these men, Lee would take it. The plan was a simple one. It called for the massing of just under 150 cannons to bombard the Union Center, softening its defenses to provide an infantry assault with a better chance of success. Collecting this many cannons to bombard a position during a land battle had not been attempted before during the war and, on paper, was enough to

Start your day RIGHT with our new coffee brand Little Ground Top by ordering your bags here www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe Help us hire a staff for these labor-intensive episodes. It'll only take a few thousand of ye! ;-) Become a Patron and learn more about the Civil War with over 300 episodes just for you. www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg During the early morning hours of July 2, an already sleep-deprived Union Army of the Potomac commander, George Gordon Meade, arrived at Gettysburg to find fresh Federal soldiers reinforcing the battered elements of the army from the previous day's battle. After conferring with his subordinates, Meade rode out to look at the ground. He decided to stay and fight. The Union position was a strong one. Cemetery Hill dominated the surrounding landscape and offered the Union defenders a strong artillery position. Two key roads that led into Gettysburg from Maryland intersected just north of the hill. Those two roads were crucial avenues of resupply and, if necessary, retreat for the Union Army. The side controlling the hill controlled the field, but the position had one weakness. When he arrived the previous day to act in Meade's stead, Union Second Corps Commander Winfield Scott Hancock assessed the position and reported to Meade that it was strong, but the Confederates could turn its left flank. This fact didn't escape Robert E. Lee's experienced eye, either. He astutely turned his attention to planning the action for July 2, devising a strategy that would test the mettle of the Union Army. With Meade deciding to stay, Lee needed to determine the best way to knock the Federals off their strong position. A direct assault on Cemetery Hill could prove devastating for Lee's infantry as they would have to cross open farm fields to attack the hill. Subordinate commanders convinced Lee not to attack the Union Right near Culp's Hill. Just before dawn, Lee dispatched reconnaissance parties to determine the terrain on the Union left and the dispositions of the Army of the Potomac. One such party returned and reported no Union soldiers in the area of Little Round Top. After conferring with his commanders, Lee made his decision. James Longstreet, his trusted second-in-command, his "old warhorse," would take two divisions and, under concealment, get into position to attack the flank of the Union Line. Once Longstreet was in position. His orders directed him to attack north, along the Emmitsburg Road, and roll up the Union left. While Longstreet was executing this move [getting into position?], Ewell's Second Corps would demonstrate on the Union Right to prevent reinforcements from being sent to meet Longstreet. Ewell's demonstration would become an attack if Ewell thought it feasible. [Chas Fennell on this part of the plan] It was a bold plan. One that Confederate General James Longstreet did not care for, but, ever the consummate soldier, he followed orders. Longstreet's Corps, consisting of three divisions under Generals McLaws, Pickett, and Hood, was initially delayed due to the absence of Pickett's division, which was still over 20 miles away. Despite Longstreet's request to wait for Pickett, Lee urged action but acquiesced to Longstreet's request to wait for one of the brigades from Hood's division before commencing the attack. It would be nearly One in the afternoon before Longstreet's march began. While Lee dealt with the logistics of implementing his plans, Meade had his own difficulties with Daniel Sickles, a New York politician-turned-general and Meade's Third Corps Commander. Meade had assigned defensive positions to all of his commands in what is now known as the Fish Hook line. The reason for Sickles' assigned position was either not made apparent to him or was certainly not to his liking. Throughout the morning, Sickles tried to get Meade's permission to redeploy his Corps to what he thought was a better position on higher ground along the Emmitsburg Road. Sickles believed that if the Confederates occupied that ground, they could use it as an artillery platform and make Sickles' position, and much of the rest of the Union line, vulnerable. Every time Sickles tried, Meade brushed him off until he eventually reiterated his original order. Still nervous, Sickles ordered a reconnaissance into a stand of woods just west of the Emmitsburg Road. The reconnaissance discovered Rebels extending the Confederate lines along Seminary Ridge. This information convinced Sickles to take his entire Corps and occupy the ground he desired. However, Sickles' decision to advance detached his Corps from the rest of the army, leaving his command exposed on neutral ground. This decision would prove to be a turning point, almost leading to the destruction of his Corps and having severe consequences for the Army of the Potomac. But it also had the effect of confounding Lee's plans that day. [Jim Hessler on Sickles' thinking] It was nearly one in the afternoon when Longstreet's Corps began its

INTRODUCTING! Our first coffee brand LITTLE GROUND TOP, expertly roasted by our friends at Bantam Roaster. Order your bags at https://www.addressinggettysburg.com/cafe THIS EPISODE was made possible by our generous Patrons. Become one today and get more than you bargain for! www.patreon.com/addressinggettysburg On the first day of July, they arrived shrouded in a foreboding misty rain. The Confederate infantry division of Major General Henry Heth from A.P. Hill's Third Corps advanced towards Gettysburg under a veil of uncertainty. While crossing a bridge over Marsh Creek, the head of Heth's column was halted by the familiar "pop" of enemy small arms some 700 yards away. It was a shot from the carbine of the 8th Illinois Cavalry's Lieutenant Marcellus Jones. The ball had begun; The Battle of Gettysburg was underway. The gray soldiers, anticipating a militia, were surprised by Union cavalry. This surprise, however, did not deter them. Instead, it spurred them into a cautious advance, moving from column into skirmish lines in the fields north and south of the Chambersburg Pike. John Buford, the Union Cavalry commander, was tactically maneuvering to buy time—time that the Union left-wing commander, John Reynolds, needed to rush his infantry up to Gettysburg. Buford had gathered intelligence that Confederate soldiers were to the north and west of Gettysburg. Armed with this crucial information, Buford strategically positioned his men to cover every major road coming in from the west, north, and east of Gettysburg. The shots fired indicated that the first Confederates were approaching from the west, a testament to Buford's strategic foresight. Upon being fired upon, the Confederates, seemingly undeterred by the presence of Union Cavalry, began a slow and methodical advance. Like a grey bank of storm clouds, they pushed back Buford's men from Knoxlyn Ridge to Herr's Ridge and, finally, to McPherson's Ridge, where Buford intended to hold until the infantry arrived. At Willoughby's Run, in the valley between Herr's and McPherson's Ridges, the veteran Confederate infantry briefly halted and organized themselves before pressing onward up the slope against Buford's brigades under Colonel Gamble and Devin. Just as the Confederates were gaining ground, the emergence of Union infantry, a complete shock to them, marked a significant turning point in the morning's battle. The unexpected arrival of the Union infantry changed the dynamics of the fight, and what started as a skirmish between cavalry and infantry was about to become a full-throated battle. Brigadier General Joseph Davis's Brigade of Mississippi and North Carolina men rapidly approached Cutler's right-two regiments, the 76th N.Y. and 56th P.A., from the west. The 56th Pennsylvania opened fire first with the command, 'Ready, right oblique! Aim! Fire!' The 2nd Mississippi and 55th North Carolina returned fire. Some of these shots raked the 76th New York as they got into position to the Pennsylvania men's right. At first, the 76th's commander didn't realize that these shots were from the enemy as he could not see any. He urged his men to hold their fire. Then a second volley came in, and still they held their fire. Finally, the 2nd Mississippi came into sight, and Major Grover, the 76th's commander, ordered his men to fire. After about a half-an-hour of fighting, three of Cutler's regiments, the 56th P.A. and the 76th and 147th N.Y., withdrew to Oak Ridge, having lost half of their men. Davis's men pursued Cutler's shattered regiments to Oak Ridge. Cutler had left two regiments on the south side of the Chambersburg Pike at the McPherson Farm. They had skirmished with Archer's brigade as it approached from the west. Cutler's sister brigade, the Iron Brigade under Solomon Meredith, had arrived on the field and was pushing into McPherson's Woods, thereby freeing up Cutler's remaining two regiments, the 84th and 95th N.Y., to turn and face the threat posed by Davis's men. Acting Corps commander Major General Abner Doubleday ordered the only reserve he had, the 6th Wisconsin, to leave its reserve position and "Go like Hell" toward Davis. Rufus Dawes, the 6th's commander, put his men in line to the right of the 95th N.Y. Aiming into Davis's flank, the New York and Wisconsin men opened fire, stopping Davis's pursuit. Then, suddenly, the Confederates appeared to vanish into the earth. They had taken refuge in an unfinished railroad cut that paralleled the Chambersburg Pike. What seemed a safe haven had proved to be a trap, and the Wisconsin and New York boys were ready to take advantage of it. Meanwhile, acting left-wing commander Major General John F. Reynolds was personally feeding units of the Iron Brigade into McPherson's Woods, something a man in his position should not do. While doing this, a Confederate bullet struck him in the head. Within 30 minutes of being on the field, the man who was leading the Union effort that morning was dead. The Iron Brigade pushed into