The IDEMS Podcast

In this special 200th episode, Santiago and Johnny discuss how the podcast gets made. They consider the inspiration that led to its creation, the team members involved, and the evolution in production quality over the past 100 weeks. They also highlight the technical aspects, including the software and tools used, the editing process, and the role of AI in simplifying their workflow.

James Musyoka interviews David Stern, about his attendance at the Pan-African Convening on the Future of Biodigital Technologies in Food and Agriculture. Held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and organized by the Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA), the event focused on the impact of digital technologies on African agriculture and data sovereignty. David shares insights about a declaration formed during the event and discusses the three models of technology development presented by Million Belay. They draw parallels between these topics and IDEMS' African Data Initiative and the R-Instat project, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in achieving local ownership and collaborative development of technology in Africa.

David is joined by Michele Pancera, an Impact Activation Fellow at IDEMS. Michele shares his journey from a high school maths enthusiast to member of IDEMS, via being a teacher and beekeeper. The conversation covers Michele's passion for making mathematics engaging through games, his experience of societal perceptions of maths education, and his various professional pivots. The discussion emphasises the value of generalists in a world that often prioritises specialists, and touches on Michele's ongoing contributions at IDEMS including developing an AI assistant for STACK questions and his woodworking ventures.

Santiago and David explore the transformative potential of gamifying education. They discuss how rethinking exams to be more like driving tests could shift the educational landscape away from high-stakes differentiation to a mastery-based model.

David and Lucie discuss ongoing efforts to responsibly use AI to assist smallholder farmers in the Sahel region. They discuss the challenges faced by farmers in identifying pests and diseases and the shortcomings of commercial AI tools. They highlight the work of Digital Green, a non-profit organisation developing an AI tool for farmers that emphasises relevance, local language integration, and responsible AI practices. They explore the potential for collaboration and future advancements in AI tools tailored for low-resource environments.

Lily and David discuss the old adage “When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail”, and how it applies to the realm of research, particularly in the context of statistical analysis and methodology. Emphasising the importance of having a diverse set of tools, they explore how narrow training in data skills can limit the effectiveness of research. They consider how methodologies from different disciplines can benefit from cross-disciplinary approaches, including medical science, climate, education and agriculture.

Wrapping up the series of episodes marking twenty years of research method support for the Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems, Lucie and David Stern consider the complexities of research planning. They explore the shifts in their roles towards structural change, particularly in the West African region. David shares his experiences with building local capacity and structurally embedding research methods within organisations like FUMA Gaskiya. They also reflect on the challenges of meeting researchers where they are and the importance of involving both qualitative and quantitative methods in research planning.

Lily and George discuss their personal experiences of using generative AI in their work. They explore how AI assists in course development, coding, and writing tasks, sharing insights on how these tools can enhance productivity and creativity.

Lucie and Roger discuss the intricacies and applications of crop simulation models in agricultural research. Roger explains the historical development of these models since the 1980s and provides a detailed explanation of how crop simulation models work, such as the DSAT and APSIM systems, which are used extensively in the United States and Australia. The discussion underscores the models' value in complementing traditional field experiments, especially in understanding long-term agricultural dynamics. They also touch on the challenges of implementing these models in Africa due to climatic data availability.

Santiago and David discuss how aspects of education could be “gamified” in order to improve outcomes. They explore various real-world examples of how games are used to enhance learning, including platforms like Kahoot and innovative projects like SmileyCoin. As well as the benefits, they consider the potential downsides, such as excessive screen time and the impact of dopamine release on student concentration.

As part of their continuing conversations around research methods for agriculture, Lucie and Roger discuss the utility of conducting research trials over multiple years. They consider the importance of understanding climate variability, and the value of pilot experiments as well as the implications of adapting research methods based on initial findings and the benefits of engaging farmers extensively in the research process.

How do we understand the material living conditions of people on Earth today? In this episode of the IDEMS podcast, Lily and David discuss the influential book “Factfulness” by Hans Rosling. They explore Rosling's key concepts about global development, particularly the categorisation of the world into four income levels instead of the binary “developing” and “developed” terms.

Social impact scientist and anthropologist Lucie Hazelgrove Planel joins Roger Stern to discuss the intricate process of designing agricultural experiments. Using a real-world example involving 10 maize varieties and a field with 12 plots, they explore the challenges of fitting theoretical models to practical scenarios.

How do you present research data in a compelling way? In this episode, Lucie and David discuss the intricacies of creating impactful visualisations for projects. They consider the distinctions between descriptive, exploratory, and presentation graphs. They emphasise the importance of understanding your audience, whether it's scientific, agricultural, or policy-making, and how to adapt visualisations accordingly to tell compelling stories.

In order to collect research data, we need to take measurements. As part of their continuing conversations, Lucie and statistician Roger consider this critical topic of measurements in agricultural research. They explore various types of measurements, such as context measurements, objective-related measurements, and those that help explain variability, using examples from agricultural trials and anthropological studies. The conversation highlights the nuanced nature of collecting quality data and calls for thoughtful planning and pilot studies.

Santiago and David discuss recent advancements and challenges in educational technology, looking at the integration of the STACK electronic assessment system with the PreTeXt tool for textbook authoring. Reflecting on a successful African STACK Conference held in Ethiopia, they consider the broader impact of these innovations on education in Ethiopia and potentially other African countries, emphasising the importance of making technology accessible at the student, lecturer, and institution levels.

In their continuing conversations on Research Methods for Agriculture, Lucie and Roger discuss the importance and application of controls in agricultural research. They consider the importance of controls in general, and consider examples from both agricultural and medical experiments, emphasising the importance of ethical considerations when using controls. Roger shares insights on how to make controls meaningful, how to adjust experiments based on intermediate findings, and the potential pitfalls of rigidly adhering to control rules.

AI tools can be helpful in analysing quantitative data, but their potential utility in qualitative analysis might be less obvious, or even concerning. In this episode of the IDEMS Podcast, data scientist Lily Clements and social impact scientist Lucie Hazelgrove Planel discuss the usage of generative AI in analysing qualitative data. They explore the ethical implications, the importance of context, and the challenge of addressing biases in AI-generated analyses, as well as the evolving intersection of AI with traditional qualitative research methods.

Lucie Hazelgrove Planel and Roger Stern consider the importance of multilevel data in agricultural research. They discuss the concept of measurement units at different levels, such as individual, household, community, and village, and the challenges faced when dealing with multilevel data in practice. Using an example of a student’s experiment on tadpoles, they illustrate key principles in determining appropriate experimental design and data analysis.

In this episode, Lily Clements and David Stern discuss the “Tricot” method for participatory breeding trials. Short for “Triadic Comparisons of Technologies”, Tricot involves farmers testing three crop varieties and ranking them based on qualitative measures. They reflect on a recent workshop aimed at simplifying this complex analysis using custom R packages and the R-Instat software.

Lucie and Roger continue their discussions of research methods for agriculture, this time focusing on on-farm trials. They consider the benefits and challenges of conducting research on farms versus research stations, emphasizing the importance of farmer involvement in the research process. They consider the innovative “Tricot” method, which tests multiple crop varieties with minimal control from researchers to increase real-world applicability.

In this episode, David and Santiago debate the 'Dead Internet' Theory, which claims that AI-generated content will dominate the internet, making it less reliable. David challenges this theory, emphasizing the need for digital literacy, responsible use of AI, and the complex nature of trust in institutions versus individuals. They also discuss the implications of misinformation and the importance of critical thinking in society.

In this episode, Lucie interviews Roger about essential aspects of agricultural statistical experiments. They discuss treatment, layout, and measurement, using an irrigation and maize variety case study. Roger emphasises the importance of clear objectives and balancing statistical rigour with practical agricultural considerations.

In this episode, Lily and George discuss the nuances and differences between statistical and mathematical modelling. They explore how each field approaches modelling, and touch on hybrid models that incorporate both statistical and mathematical elements, and the significance of uncertainty in modelling predictions.

In this episode, Lucie and Roger discuss planning agricultural research, highlighting on-station and on-farm trials. They emphasize integrating diverse data collection methods, farmer involvement, and balancing research design and farmer participation.

In this episode, Lily and George discuss their journeys from their PhD to IDEMS’ Postdoctoral Impact Activation Fellowship. Lily also describes her transition to a permanent role while George describes what he imagines his transition might be like. An informal chat that reveals two different enough yet similar experiences joining IDEMS.

In this episode, Lucie talks to Roger about his work in agricultural research methods. Roger shares his experience with CCRP, the shift from on-station to on-farm research, the role of farmers' organizations, and advancements in data collection and analysis.

In this episode, Lucie and David discuss the 20th anniversary of the Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems’ Community of Practice in West Africa, and in particular the evolution of its Research Methods Support. The conversation underscores the impact of patient, long-term approaches and local capacity building in Niger, Burkina Faso, and Mali, as an introduction to a series of upcoming episodes that will delve into the program's history and learnings.

In this episode, Lily and David discuss the concept of proxy variables and feedback loops. They explore the use of proxies when direct measurement is impractical, using examples from agriculture and education. The discussion includes the pitfalls of educational performance metrics and university rankings, demonstrating the complexities and potential misinterpretations involved in using proxy indicators.

Lucie and David discuss the recent progress and training in building a research methods support team in West Africa. The conversation highlights their efforts in providing various trainings, and the development of local teams capable of delivering these trainings. They also emphasize the importance of reflective learning reports, local capacity building, and moving towards more engaging pedagogical methods through a gradual, patient approach, aiming for sustained growth and effective collaboration.

In this episode, George and Kate discuss the challenge of transforming deep R&D into tangible products. They explore the balance between simplicity and complexity, the need for early market validation, and the difficulty of securing private investment for ambitious long-term goals. The conversation touches on the unique product and funding strategies for social enterprises and highlights how IDEMS navigates these challenges while emphasizing the importance of impact over profit.

In this episode Johnny and Kate discuss the intricacies of marketing IDEMS, emphasizing the challenges of presenting its diverse and impactful work. They highlight the importance of a well-structured website, balancing in-depth technical information with user-friendly content, and the need to showcase successes without overshadowing their collaborative nature. They also touch on the evolution of IDEMS’ marketing strategy, the role of design, and the aim to create a cohesive narrative that resonates with both experts and laypersons.

Kate Fleming and Lucie Hazelgrove Planel discuss the complexities of collecting sensitive data from communities, emphasizing the importance of building trust and ensuring the data serves the community's interests. The conversation touches on various examples, including work with West African farmers, stressing the need for sustainable, community-focused research models.

IDEMS Directors David Stern and Kate discuss the concept of “moral ambition”, prompted by the recent book by Rutger Bregman of the same name. David and Kate reflect on their own career paths, the societal expectations of younger generations, and the challenges they faced while carving out meaningful careers. They explore the interconnectedness of education, entrepreneurial spirit, and moral ambition while critiquing the simplistic hero narrative prevalent in startup culture.

It feels like we’re surrounded by dystopian visions of the future. But what might a future look like where humanity, technology and nature harmoniously coexist? In this episode, Johnny McQuade and David Stern explore the concept of “Solarpunk”, a science fiction aesthetic that tries to envision exactly this. The conversation touches upon agroecology, renewable energy, and sustainable technology, as well as the role of global supply chains, the differences in technology innovation emerging from Africa vs elsewhere, and the challenges of balancing urban and rural food systems.

In this episode, Lily Clements talks to David Stern about how IDEMS aims to bring about systemic change. Key examples include work with National Met Offices in Zambia and Malawi to make climate data accessible and impactful, and digital interventions in parenting programs to reduce violence against children in Tanzania.

Lucie and Kate discuss their experiences at a workshop for PhD and postdoctoral mathematicians at the International Centre for Mathematical Sciences in Edinburgh. They reflect on the challenges mathematicians experience to enter into socially impactful careers, the sense of community the workshop fostered, and the importance of transdisciplinary collaboration.

Lily Clements and David Stern explore the future of statistics education through the lens of George Cobb's influential 2015 paper, “Mere Renovation is Too Little Too Late: We Need to Rethink Our Undergraduate Curriculum from the Ground Up”. They discuss key imperatives from Cobb's work, such as flattening prerequisites, seeking depth, embracing computation, exploiting context, and teaching through research.

In this episode, Lucie discussed with Moustapha Moussa and Gabriela Bucini The Origins of the Food Innovation Centres in West Africa. Moustapha tells the story of how these were started, sharing the challenges faced, exposing the courage needed for this innovation, and the successes, focusing on the beautiful social development of farmer communities.

George Simmons and David Stern discuss the development of educational courses with a focus on tool agnosticism, particularly in their collaboration with the Open University of Kenya for their Msc in Mathematical Innovation course. They explore the challenges and benefits of assessing student work without being tied to specific tools, and highlight the importance of good question design in ensuring conceptual understanding. They consider the evolving nature of technology in education and the increasing role of AI, emphasising the need for students to adapt to multiple tools rather than mastering just one.

In this episode, George interviews David, discussing the development of an 'Introduction to Systems Modelling' course in collaboration with the Open University of Kenya. They explore balancing theoretical and practical approaches to enhance postgraduate students' modelling skills and emphasise the value of collaboration and iteration in course development.

David Stern is joined by Lily Clements and James Musyoka to discuss the Kenyan MSc program in Maths Innovation. By focusing on data rather than just methods, the program aims to foster a culture of informed decision-making and data literacy in Kenya. They emphasise the importance of contextualising AI and data science education to cater to local needs and challenges.

David and Mike Obiero continue their discussion on the Mathematics Innovations MSc program focusing on the textbook project and how it relates to it. Mike presents his vision on how a community of teachers and educators can be built to create open educational resources of mathematics, and in particular to an interactive, contextualisable open electronic textbook with potential for positive impact in secondary education and beyond.

David Stern and Mike Obiero continue their discussion of the MSc in Math Innovation program. The program's three major pathways – educational innovation, mathematics, and data and AI – are designed to fill specific gaps and cater to diverse interests. They highlight the flexibility of the program and its suitability for both local and international contexts, emphasising its potential for broad impact and collaboration.

David welcomes Mike Obiero back to the podcast, president of the Kenyan Maths Society and lecturer at Maseno University. They discuss a new, flexible MSc programme targeted at mathematics teachers in Kenya. The aim is to empower teachers, provide practical skills, and leverage the rich history of mathematics education in Kenya to produce the next generation of math educators and innovators.

Lucie Hazelgrove Planel and David Stern discuss an intriguing study on the ecological benefits of solar panels in desert regions. They discuss how solar panels can increase biodiversity by providing shade, reduce desertification, and potentially convert unproductive desert land into valuable solar farms that generate electricity and support agricultural activities, helping to create sustainable oases in deserts worldwide.

David Stern interviews Ali Maman Aminou from Niger about his work with Fuma Gaskiya, a farmer federation. They discuss the federation's origins, its growth from around 5,000 to over 21,000 members, including 55% women, and its significant achievements. Aminou shares how Fuma Gaskiya managed a research grant, tackled data collection challenges, and demonstrated the efficacy of using human urine (referred to as “oga”) as fertilizer. They reflect on shifting power dynamics in research, the development of a farmer-owned data collection app, and how these efforts have elevated the federation's standing as respected research partners.

In this episode, David chats with Laouali from the Sahel IPM team about his inspiring journey in biological pest control. Laouali shares his experiences from starting with the GIMEM project, mentoring students, expanding pest management techniques, and his aspirations for safer, organic agriculture in Niger.

In this episode, Lily and David explore different types of graphs and their uses in data visualisation. They discuss how to categorise visualisations for quick data checks, detailed interpretation, and effective presentations, emphasising the importance of tailoring graphs to the audience.

Data scientists Lily Clements and David Stern discuss the concept of variability in data analysis. They explore different types of variability, particularly in the context of using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to analyse data variability. Considering practical examples from agriculture, they consider the complexity of distinguishing between natural and unaccounted-for variability.